JPH05320019A - Plant growth material, its production and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To produce a plant growth material useful for improving the soil and for improving the water quality of a culture solution in water culture by combining a highly cation-exchangeable zeolite with wood vinegar oozing out of a green wood and considered to have an effect on prevention of disease and insect damages of a plant or on plant activation in the field of soil physics. CONSTITUTION:The plant growth material is obtained by smoking a green wood so as to make wood vinegar ooze out and then making the resultant vinegar adsorbed onto preliminarily calcined zeolite. The apparatus for producing the plant growth material, involves a combustion chamber 1, a zeolite calcination chamber 2, a green wood smoking chamber 3 and a wood vinegar adsorption chamber 4 mutually connected in order through a flue 5 and equipped with a conveyor track 6 for transferring zeolite calcined in the zeolite calcination chamber 2 to the wood vinegar adsorption chamber 4 and with its rails 7. By admixing with the soil or a water culture solution, wood vinegar adsorbed on the porous structure of zeolite is supplied to a plant so as to enable growth of a wholesome plant and improvement of the yield.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a plant growing material in which zeolite and wood vinegar are combined.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It is already known that zeolite has a property of high cation exchange capacity, and its ground product is used as a soil conditioner (for example, "zeolite and its use"<
Editorial Committee-Gihodo Publishing Co., Ltd. 196.7.15
> P94). On the other hand, the water in the cells of the biological system of wood contains many kinds of components including wood vinegar, that is, acetic acid, phenol, and guaiacol, and this wood vinegar may have a function to prevent plant pests from soil. As revealed in physics. That is, the components of the wood vinegar solution include hundreds of substances, and an example of the analysis result is as follows.

<Component analysis of wood vinegar> (Slightly different depending on sampling method and tree species) * Acidity PH 2.33 * Specific gravity 1.016 * Ingredient content (%) Water content of cedar, pine kunugi, oak, chestnut and other hardwood 89 0.07 88.95 Acetic acid 5.49 5.41 Propionic acid 0.66 0.63 6-Dimethoxyphenol 0.94 0.92 Maltol 0.31 0.29 Ethylguaiacol 0.24 0.24 Furfural 0.21 0.22 2-methoxy-4-cresol 0.19 0.20 4-acemer-2-methoxyphenol 0.18 0.18 guaiacol 0.18 0.18 tetrahydro Furfuryl alcohol 0.17 0.17 3-Ethyl-cyclopentane-1,4-olide 0.16 0.16 Cyclotene 0.15 0.15 Butane-4 Oraido 0.15 0.14 p. m-cresol 0.14 0.14 O-cresol 0.13 0.12 Other 0.51 0.57 Unknown compound 1.12 1.33 Total 100.00 100.00 (Forestry Science and Technology Agency) analysis)

It is said that, among the above substances, the one showing a particularly bactericidal effect is about 3% of acetic acid, about 1% of formic acid, methanol, formaldehyde, etc., and sterilizes various microorganisms in soil by its strong permeability. After these acetic acid and the like are decomposed and compounded and lose their effectiveness due to volatilization, effective soil fungi are propagated by phenols (corrosion precursors) to increase good soil biological properties.

[0005]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention is based on the above-mentioned findings of the present inventor, and adsorbs the above-mentioned components of wood vinegar to a zeolite of the above-mentioned property which has been subjected to a firing treatment to increase the adsorption capacity,
The present invention provides a plant growing material that contributes to soil improvement and water quality improvement of a hydroponic culture solution.

[0006]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention comprises the steps of smoldering raw wood to exude a wood vinegar solution, and adsorbing the wood vinegar solution to zeolite particles which have been previously subjected to a firing treatment and pulverization classification. A plant growing material is constituted (plant growing material and its manufacturing method). Further, the combustion chamber 1, the zeolite firing chamber 2, the raw wood smoking chamber 3 and the wood vinegar adsorbing chamber 4 are sequentially connected by the flue 5, and the zeolite fired in the zeolite firing chamber 2 is used as the wood vinegar adsorption chamber 4 The moving carriage 6 to be transferred to and the track 7 thereof are provided to configure an apparatus used for carrying out the manufacturing method (manufacturing apparatus). Further, in the above structure, automatic open / close shutters 10, 11, 12 are provided in each of the flues 5 connecting the combustion chamber 1, the zeolite firing chamber 2, the raw wood smoking chamber 3 and the wood vinegar adsorption chamber 4 to each other. An apparatus used for carrying out the manufacturing method is configured (manufacturing apparatus). Furthermore, in the above structure, the cooling pipe 13 is provided below the wood vinegar solution adsorption chamber 4.
To configure a device used for carrying out the manufacturing method (manufacturing device).

[0007]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, 1a is a charging preparation chamber having a fuel charging port 1b, and 1 is an air intake 1c at the bottom.
Is a combustion chamber having a smoke exhaust stack 1d at the upper part, and a shutter-1e driven by a gear motor M provided outside the combustion chamber 1 is provided at the boundary between the charging preparation chamber 1a and the combustion chamber 1. ..

Reference numeral 2 has an air intake 2a in the lower portion, a smoke exhaust tube 2b with a damper in the upper portion, and a moving carriage door 2c.
In the zeolite firing chamber having the above, the upper portion on the combustion chamber 1 side and the lower portion on the firing chamber 2 side are connected via a flue 5 having communication ports 5a and 5b, respectively. At the bottom of the firing chamber 2, a part of a track 7 for moving in and out a moving carriage 6 loaded with crushed and classified zeolite is laid.

3, has a smoke exhaust pipe 3a with a damper at the upper portion,
Further, in a raw wood smoking chamber having a carriage door 3b, a communication port 5c is provided at an upper portion of the baking chamber 2 side and a lower portion of the smoking chamber 3 side, respectively.
They are connected via a flue 5 having 5d. At the bottom of the smoking chamber 3, a part of a track 9 for moving in and out a truck 8 loaded with raw wood is laid.

Reference numeral 4 denotes a wood vinegar adsorbing chamber having a smoke exhaust tube 4a on the upper part thereof and a movable carriage door 4b. Communication ports 5e and 5f are provided on the upper part of the smoke chamber 3 and the lower part of the adsorbing chamber 4, respectively.
Are connected via a flue 5. A cooling pipe 13 is arranged below the adsorption chamber 4, and a part of a track 7 for laying in and out a moving carriage 6 loaded with zeolite that has been subjected to the firing treatment in the firing chamber 2 is laid at the bottom. is there. Further, automatic open / close shutters 10 and 11 driven by gear motors M are respectively connected to the flues 5 connecting the combustion chamber 1, the zeolite firing chamber 2, the raw wood smoking chamber 3 and the wood vinegar adsorption chamber 4. , 12 are provided.

[0011]

[Operation of the apparatus] That is, in the above-mentioned configuration, the moving carriage 6 in which the zeolite particles such as Otani stone, which have been crushed and classified, are stored in the firing chamber 2, and the carriage 8 in which the raw wood is loaded is stored in the smoking chamber 3. Then, by putting a combustible material such as wood chips into the combustion chamber 1, igniting, and adjusting the opening / closing of the air intake 1c, the temperature of the furnace was set to about 600 ° C while controlling the oxygen supply amount, and the flame generated by this Is sent to the lower part of the next zeolite firing chamber 2 through the flue 5.

Then, due to the high temperature (about 500 ° C. to 600 ° C.), the zeolite particles loaded on the moving carriage 6 are dehydrated and burned out of the water and impurities contained in the pores thereof to enhance the adsorption ability and reduce the weight. And produce "calcined zeolite" with increased hardness. In addition, in the firing chamber 2, the natural humidity of the outside air is taken in as well as supplementing oxygen by adjusting the opening / closing of the air intake 2a.

Next, the residual heat (about 3
00 ° C to 350 ° C) is sent to the lower part of the raw wood smoking chamber 3 through the flue 5. Then, the raw wood stored previously is smoked under high heat to exude the wood vinegar solution contained in the wood tissue, and this is blown up with smoke and sent to the next wood vinegar solution adsorption chamber 4 through the flue 5.

In the wood vinegar adsorbing chamber 4, a moving carriage 6 loaded with zeolite particles calcined in the previous step is transferred, and smoke containing the wood vinegar is efficiently adsorbed by the zeolite particles. To be done. The temperature of the adsorption chamber 4 is about 250
Although the temperature falls to 0 ° C to 300 ° C, regardless of the temperature condition in the adsorption chamber 4, it is preferable to promote the adsorption and permeation by making the temperature rather low to facilitate the aggregation of the active ingredient of wood. Cooling pipe 13 provided at the bottom of the same room 4
Is for cooling white smoke by causing cooling water (17 ° C to 27 ° C) to pass therethrough to generate dew condensation. The time required for adsorption and penetration differs depending on the tree species, and the results of the applicant's experiments are shown in the table below. Overheating temperature (° C) Time (H) Cedar 300-350 60 Pine 300-350 40 to Pine 300-350 40 Keyaki 300-350 100 Cut 300-350 80

In the above steps, the shutters 9, 10, 11 provided in each flue 5 are all involved in the temperature control of the above-mentioned chambers, and the heat of flame when the movable carriage 6 and the carriage 8 are taken in and out is taken. These shutters function as a shutter,
When 10 and 11 are closed, the upper smoke stacks 2b, 3a and 4
The damper of a shall be operated as required.

Finally, the moving carriage 6 is taken out from the wood vinegar liquid adsorption chamber 4, allowed to cool, and then packed into a product.

[0017]

[Effect] The present invention is as described above. To use the plant growing material obtained by this, spraying and stirring alone over the entire cultivated area, or digging a groove around the root of a crop, potted plant, etc. For spraying and hydroponic culture solution, put them in a filter bag and soak them in the solution. It is effective to mix and spray when applying organic fertilizer. Then, the wood vinegar adsorbed and permeated into the zeolite particles is gradually blown out due to the nature of the zeolite that tries to return to its original state when exposed to ultraviolet rays,
As described above, the excellent penetrating power sterilizes harmful microorganisms contained in the soil or the culture solution, reinforces trace elements necessary for crops, and fulfills the breeding function of useful microorganisms as a dwelling.

For example, in apple cultivation, when sprayed on soil, wood vinegar, which is an organic acid, is absorbed from the roots to kill most of the pests, and activates tree seedlings to activate carbon assimilation, thereby improving sugar content and harvesting. It was proven to bring about an increase.

The function of the wood vinegar is not uniform depending on the tree species, and the following is an example of the results of each crop for some tree species. Wood vinegar Strawberry Chrysanthemum Yoran None Apples Shiba Rose Cedar A A A A C C C A A Pine A A A A C C C A A to Pine A A A C C C A Keyaki A A A B B A A Kiri A A A A A A B A Symbol Explanation ・ ・ ・ A Pathogen has disappeared, growth is quick, leaf luster, flower retention is good, fruit has sweetness ・ B pathogen has disappeared, fruit has sweetness, C pathogen has disappeared, Rapid growth The above experimental examples are based on the applicant's three-year data, and strawberries, chrysanthemums, orchids, roses, etc. are greenhouse-grown, and the same soil is repeatedly used only by fertilization. Therefore, the use of the material of the present invention brings about a remarkable effect that it is not found at all under the condition that the pathogenic bacteria are easily generated.

Further, by accumulating these experiments, it was found that the material of the present invention has an effect of controlling early crop pests such as aphids, mites and thrips, and can prevent the following disease names from soil bacteria. Root rot disease, downy mildew disease, strain gusare disease, negusare disease, powdery mildew disease, tanso disease, vine disease, monili disease, mold disease, saikin disease, scab disease, red rust disease, wilt disease, io-disease, kinkweed disease, Franc disease et
c.

Also in the apparatus for obtaining the material of the present invention, the firing treatment of zeolite and the adsorption of the wood vinegar solution are carried out in the order of steps in one furnace type, and the wood vinegar solution is efficiently introduced into the zeolite grain crystals in an extremely short time. It is possible to confine it, which is extremely advantageous in terms of cost.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical sectional side view showing an embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.

[Explanation of sign]

 1 Combustion Chamber 2 Zeolite Firing Chamber 3 Raw Wood Smoke Chamber 3 4 Wood Vinegar Adsorption Chamber 5 Flue 6 Moving Carriage 7 Track 8 Cargo 9 Track 10 Automatic opening / closing shutter-11 Automatic opening / closing shutter-12 Automatic opening / closing shutter-13 Cooling pipe

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A plant growing material obtained by adsorbing wood vinegar liquor exuded by smoking raw wood onto calcined zeolite particles. 2. A method for producing a plant growing material, which is obtained by adsorbing wood vinegar liquor exuded by smoking raw wood to a zeolite grain that has been previously calcinated and pulverized and classified together with smoke. 3. A combustion chamber 1, a zeolite firing chamber 2, a raw wood smoking chamber 3 and a wood vinegar adsorbing chamber 4 are successively connected by a flue 5, and the zeolite fired in the zeolite firing chamber 2 is treated with the wood vinegar liquid. The manufacturing apparatus used for carrying out the method for manufacturing a plant growing material according to claim 2, comprising a moving carriage 6 that is transferred to the adsorption chamber 4 and a track 7 thereof. 4. Automatic opening / closing shutters 10, 11, 12 are provided in each of the flues 5 connecting the combustion chamber 1, the zeolite firing chamber 2, the raw wood smoking chamber 3 and the wood vinegar adsorbing chamber 4. The manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3. 5. A cooling pipe 13 is provided below the wood vinegar adsorption chamber 4.
The manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, which is provided with.