JPH05308845A - Production of substance usable for medium mushroom, or the like from bamboo leaf and culm - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an effective substance such as medicine, medium for mushroom, crude feed for domestic animals, having physiologically active action and high safety to human and domestic animals by making bamboo leaves and culms into a chip state to give a raw material, steaming the raw material and hydrolyzing. CONSTITUTION:Bamboo leaves and culms are collected as a raw material, made into a ship state of about 2-3cm, put in a high pressure container for steaming, steamed at 180-200 deg.C under 16-20kg/cm<2>, the steamed raw material is immersed in warm water at 80 deg.C for 30 minutes. Then the treated material is filtered and lignin and cellulose are secured for the purpose of using the treated material as a medium for mushroom or crude feed for domestic animals. The remaining filtrate is concentrated up to about 1/10 volume, the concentrated solution is dried at 200 deg.C for 1 hour to give the objective substance composed of a crystalline substance having 42% total saccharide and 1% nitrogen content useful for medicine, medium for mushroom, crude feed domestic animal, food and drink, cosmetic and other uses.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing an active substance to be used for a mushroom medium, livestock roughage and other uses from bamboo leaves and culms.

[Prior Art]

It has been known for a long time that most of the fungi that spoil trees can be cultivated with sawdust, and especially for mushrooms in which there are some fungi that are easier to grow, such as maitake and beech shimeji. Since sawdust is widely cultivated because it is indispensable, in selecting the medium, rice bran, water etc. are added to the sawdust in order to prevent harmful fungi from growing and the mushrooms from growing poorly. The mixture is packed in a heat-resistant bag or container, and heat-sterilized with steam heat for about 3 hours before use. However, it is difficult to obtain good quality sawdust and the heating time is long. It was a long-standing complaint that fuel costs were high. Regarding the feeding of dairy cows and beef cattle, if they do not give a sufficient forage such as green grass, grass, root vegetables, hay and ensilage to the concentrated feed such as cereals and bran, the feed is In addition to high costs, there are adverse effects such as stunting, reproductive disorders, and reduced lactation capacity, and as a result, livestock farmers are constantly striving to obtain high quality forage, but there is a shortage of suitable grasslands and pastures in Japan. In that case, a large part had to rely on imported roughage.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention has a low manufacturing cost, can be mass-produced from bamboo leaves and bamboo culms, and can be used for mushroom culture medium, livestock roughage and other applications. The object is to provide a method for producing an effective substance that can be used with peace of mind.

[0004]

As a result of many years of research on bamboo, the present inventor found that the effective substance contained in bamboo is not only in the part of the bamboo leaf, but also in the fiber of the part of the bamboo stalk. I realized that I was recognized. And in the conventional manufacturing method, since only the leaves of bamboo shoots are targeted, the yield is extremely low, and because of solvent extraction, the residue containing alkaline substances and other chemicals is a medium for mushrooms or livestock roughage. Since there were various problems that it could not be used for such purposes and the treatment of waste liquid was very difficult and could lead to pollution problems, in order to increase the yield, bamboo shoots were rather the main material. It has been concluded that the steam hydrolysis method is the most suitable method that can be effectively used for mushroom media, livestock roughage, pharmaceuticals, foods and drinks, cosmetics and other applications. The present invention was made based on the results of such studies, and is characterized in that raw materials obtained by cutting bamboo leaves and culms into chips are steamed under high temperature and high pressure and hydrolyzed to produce an effective substance. is there. Bamboo leaves and culms, which are raw materials in the present invention, are genus Kumazasa, genus Azumaza,
All leaves and culms belonging to the bamboo genus such as the genus Medica, the genus Citrus, the genus Bamboo can be used. First, the above-ground part is collected from bamboo vegetation in the forest, and leaves and culms are cut into chips of several centimeters for easy extraction. In this case, the length of the tip can be arbitrarily selected depending on the type of bamboo and the type of shearing machine. Then the leaves and culm bamboo resulting chips, placed in a high pressure vessel, the temperature 180 ° C. to 200 DEG ° C., a high pressure saturated steam pressure ^{16kg / cm 2 ~20kg / cm 2} , processes 10 to 20 minutes. Since the main material is bamboo culm, hydrolysis will be insufficient even if the lower limit of temperature, pressure and time shown in this steaming condition is exceeded, and even if the upper limit is exceeded, thermal economy will increase. It is meaningless, but within the range of the above-mentioned steaming conditions, the numerical value can be arbitrarily selected depending on the type of bamboo shoot, the thickness of the culm, the length of the chip, and the like. When the bamboo leaves and culms that have been made into chips are placed in a high-pressure container and steamed under conditions of high temperature and high pressure, acetyl groups and the like in the hemicellose components contained in the bamboo leaves and culms are released, and the Degradation occurs, and as a result, hemicellose is reduced in molecular weight and solubilized in water. Further, the treated product after the hydrolysis is treated at 80 ° C to 100 ° C.
When immersed in warm water at ℃, effective substances such as lignin, cellulose and solubilized hemicellulose are obtained in the warm water. This hemicellulose includes xylose, arabinose, glucose, mannose, a polysaccharide consisting of monosaccharides of galactose, aspartic acid, glutamic acid,
Contains amino acids such as serine, threonine, brolin, alanine, cysteine, and phenylalanine, minerals, various vitamins such as vitamins A, B ₁ and B _2, and has an excellent physiological activity, that is, cell activation and blood purification. , Has an immunostimulating action, a wound healing promoting action, a metabolism promoting action, and a bactericidal and antifungal action. Therefore,
When the treated material after hydrolysis is used as a medium for mushrooms, since it is sterilized, it contains effective substances such as hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose, which are indispensable for the reproduction of mushrooms. , Which is an excellent medium. Further, from the treated product after hydrolysis, the cellulosic and hemicellulosic parts except for lignin, the hard fibers are broken by high-temperature and high-pressure treatment, and livestock such as cattle is easily eaten, and in a state of easy extinguishing fire. In addition to the change, hemicellose has an excellent physiologically active action, and thus can be used as a high-quality livestock feed. Furthermore, among the lignin, cellulose and solubilized hemicellulose present in the warm water in which the treated product after hydrolysis is immersed, lignin and cellulose are selected.
The crystalline substance obtained by concentrating and drying the hemicellulose in the residue hot water after removal of the deuterium contains polysaccharides and other active substances having excellent physiological activity, so that pharmaceuticals,
It can be used for food and drink, cosmetics and the like. As described above, hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose are used as a medium for mushrooms, and cellulosics excluding lignin are used.
And hemicellulose portions as livestock feed, and further, from the treated products after hydrolysis, polysaccharides and other active substances contained in hemicellulose excluding lignin and cellulose, pharmaceuticals, foods and drinks. In order to effectively use the raw materials without waste, the processed products after hydrolysis are separated into lignin and cellulose parts and hemicellose parts, and lignin and cellulose are used. The part may be used as a medium for mushrooms or a roughage for livestock, and the hemicellose part may be used for pharmaceuticals, food and drink, cosmetics and other uses.

[0005]

【Example】

Example 1 Kumasasa leaves and culms were collected and used as a raw material.
It was made into chips of about 3 cm and washed. Then tip 50
Put 0kg in a steaming high-pressure container, temperature 200 ℃, pressure 20kg / cm
Steamed under the conditions of ² . The raw material that had undergone the steaming process was immersed in warm water at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes. Then, the treated product was filtered to secure lignin and celluloses for use as a medium for mushrooms and livestock roughage, and then the remaining filtrate was concentrated to about 1/10 volume, and the concentrated solution was heated to 200 ° C. After drying at temperature for 1 hour, a brown plasma substance was obtained. The yield at this time was 6.5% based on the raw materials. Ethanol was added to a 10% aqueous solution of this crystalline substance, and the result of analyzing the deposited precipitate was
The total sugar amount was 42% and the nitrogen content was 1%. The polysaccharide contained in this sugar can be used as medicines, foods and drinks, cosmetics and the like. Example 2 Leaves and culms of Japanese cypress are collected and used as raw materials.
It was made into chips of about 2 to 3 cm and washed. Then the tip
Put 500kg in a steaming high-pressure container, temperature 185 ℃, pressure 18kg /
It was steamed under the condition of cm ² . The raw material that had undergone the steaming process was immersed in warm water at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes. Then, the treated product was filtered to secure lignin and celluloses for use as a medium for mushrooms and livestock roughage, and the remaining filtrate was concentrated to about 1/10 volume, and the concentrated solution was heated at 180 ° C. After drying at temperature for 1 hour, a brown plasma substance was obtained. The yield at this time is the raw material
It was 5% based on (dried bamboo leaves and culm). Ethanol was added to a 10% aqueous solution of this crystalline substance and the deposited precipitate was analyzed. As a result, the total sugar amount was 40% and the nitrogen content was 1%. The polysaccharide contained in this sugar was the same as in Example 1.
It can be used as medicines, foods and drinks, cosmetics and the like.

[0006]

Industrial Applicability As described above, according to the present invention, a material in which bamboo leaves and culms are formed into chips is produced at a temperature of 180 ° C to 200 ° C.
° C., under a pressure of ^{16kg / cm 2 ~20kg / cm 2} , since the steamed in a high pressure container, bamboo leaves, of course, also from hard bamboo culm as a main material, an excellent physiological activities Other The production of active substances with action increases the yield and therefore
Since the manufacturing method is low, the mass production is possible, and the extraction method by the steam hydrolysis method, which is highly safe for humans and livestock, is adopted, not only for medicines, but also for mushroom medium used in large quantities It can be safely used for livestock feed, food and drink, cosmetics and other purposes. Further, in the production process of the present invention, it is sufficient to prepare equipment for adding high-pressure saturated steam to the raw material, and unlike the conventional production method, it is not necessary to use a large amount of expensive chemicals, and pollution control is extremely easy. is there.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. Bamboo leaf and culm, a medium for mushrooms, etc., characterized in that a raw material obtained by cutting bamboo leaves and culms into chips is steamed under high temperature and high pressure and hydrolyzed to produce an effective substance. A method for producing an effective substance used for. 2. A temperature of 180 ° C. to 200 ° C., a pressure of 16 kg / cm ^{2 to 20} k
The method for producing an effective substance used in a medium for mushrooms, etc. from bamboo leaves and culms according to claim 1, wherein the raw material made into chips of bamboo leaves and culms is steamed under the condition of g / cm ² .