JPH0474394B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0474394B2 JPH0474394B2 JP57178236A JP17823682A JPH0474394B2 JP H0474394 B2 JPH0474394 B2 JP H0474394B2 JP 57178236 A JP57178236 A JP 57178236A JP 17823682 A JP17823682 A JP 17823682A JP H0474394 B2 JPH0474394 B2 JP H0474394B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- coal
- solvent
- product
- mined
- liquefaction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 229
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 102
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004079 vitrinite Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003250 coal slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002328 demineralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005115 demineralization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WHRZCXAVMTUTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one Chemical compound N1C(=O)N=C2OC=CC2=C1 WHRZCXAVMTUTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006173 Larrea tridentata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000073231 Larrea tridentata Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002126 creosote Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007327 hydrogenolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001608 iron mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052960 marcasite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005519 non-carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052952 pyrrhotite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010334 sieve classification Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 sulfur hydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/06—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
- C10G1/065—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation in the presence of a solvent
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/347,836 US4397732A (en) | 1982-02-11 | 1982-02-11 | Process for coal liquefaction employing selective coal feed |
| US347836 | 1982-02-11 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS58138785A JPS58138785A (ja) | 1983-08-17 |
| JPH0474394B2 true JPH0474394B2 (enExample) | 1992-11-26 |
Family
ID=23365490
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57178236A Granted JPS58138785A (ja) | 1982-02-11 | 1982-10-08 | 選択石炭を原料とする石炭液化の改良プロセス |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4397732A (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS58138785A (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU546833B2 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1185201A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE3237424A1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB2114592B (enExample) |
| ZA (1) | ZA827143B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (42)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2129438B (en) * | 1982-10-29 | 1987-04-29 | Hri Inc | Coal slurry drying and deoxygenating process for coal liquefaction |
| DE3337621A1 (de) * | 1983-10-15 | 1985-04-25 | Veba Oel Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH, 4660 Gelsenkirchen-Buer | Verfahren zur synthesegaserzeugung |
| US4627913A (en) * | 1985-01-09 | 1986-12-09 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Catalytic coal liquefaction with treated solvent and SRC recycle |
| JPS6284180A (ja) * | 1985-10-08 | 1987-04-17 | Sumitomo Sekitan Kogyo Kk | 石炭の直接液化方法 |
| US7096953B2 (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2006-08-29 | Shell Oil Company | In situ thermal processing of a coal formation using a movable heating element |
| US6698515B2 (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2004-03-02 | Shell Oil Company | In situ thermal processing of a coal formation using a relatively slow heating rate |
| US6588504B2 (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2003-07-08 | Shell Oil Company | In situ thermal processing of a coal formation to produce nitrogen and/or sulfur containing formation fluids |
| US6715546B2 (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2004-04-06 | Shell Oil Company | In situ production of synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon containing formation through a heat source wellbore |
| US7011154B2 (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2006-03-14 | Shell Oil Company | In situ recovery from a kerogen and liquid hydrocarbon containing formation |
| US6732796B2 (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2004-05-11 | Shell Oil Company | In situ production of synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon containing formation, the synthesis gas having a selected H2 to CO ratio |
| US6715548B2 (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2004-04-06 | Shell Oil Company | In situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation to produce nitrogen containing formation fluids |
| US20030146002A1 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2003-08-07 | Vinegar Harold J. | Removable heat sources for in situ thermal processing of an oil shale formation |
| US6981548B2 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2006-01-03 | Shell Oil Company | In situ thermal recovery from a relatively permeable formation |
| EP1381749B1 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2008-01-23 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Method for in situ recovery from a tar sands formation and a blending agent produced by such a method |
| WO2002086029A2 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2002-10-31 | Shell Oil Company | In situ recovery from a relatively low permeability formation containing heavy hydrocarbons |
| US6969123B2 (en) | 2001-10-24 | 2005-11-29 | Shell Oil Company | Upgrading and mining of coal |
| US7090013B2 (en) | 2001-10-24 | 2006-08-15 | Shell Oil Company | In situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation to produce heated fluids |
| US7104319B2 (en) | 2001-10-24 | 2006-09-12 | Shell Oil Company | In situ thermal processing of a heavy oil diatomite formation |
| US7077199B2 (en) | 2001-10-24 | 2006-07-18 | Shell Oil Company | In situ thermal processing of an oil reservoir formation |
| AU2002353887B2 (en) | 2001-10-24 | 2007-08-30 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | In situ upgrading of coal |
| US7165615B2 (en) | 2001-10-24 | 2007-01-23 | Shell Oil Company | In situ recovery from a hydrocarbon containing formation using conductor-in-conduit heat sources with an electrically conductive material in the overburden |
| WO2004038175A1 (en) | 2002-10-24 | 2004-05-06 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Inhibiting wellbore deformation during in situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation |
| NZ543753A (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2008-11-28 | Shell Int Research | Thermal processes for subsurface formations |
| DE602005011115D1 (de) | 2004-04-23 | 2009-01-02 | Shell Int Research | Zur erwärmung von unterirdischen formationen verwendete temperaturbegrenzte heizvorrichtungen |
| GB2439028B (en) | 2005-04-22 | 2009-02-25 | Shell Int Research | Systems and processes for use in treating subsurface formations |
| EA014215B1 (ru) | 2005-10-24 | 2010-10-29 | Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. | Ограниченный по температуре нагреватель с трубопроводом, по существу, электрически изолированным от пласта |
| EP2100004A4 (en) | 2006-04-21 | 2015-10-21 | Shell Int Research | HIGH STRENGTH ALLOYS |
| US7562707B2 (en) | 2006-10-20 | 2009-07-21 | Shell Oil Company | Heating hydrocarbon containing formations in a line drive staged process |
| AU2008242805B2 (en) | 2007-04-20 | 2012-01-19 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | In situ heat treatment of a tar sands formation after drive process treatment |
| WO2009052047A1 (en) | 2007-10-19 | 2009-04-23 | Shell Oil Company | Three-phase heaters with common overburden sections for heating subsurface formations |
| JP5566371B2 (ja) | 2008-04-18 | 2014-08-06 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ | 地表下炭化水素含有地層を処理するための鉱坑及びトンネルの使用 |
| US20100038288A1 (en) * | 2008-08-12 | 2010-02-18 | MR&E, Ltd. | Refining coal-derived liquid from coal gasification, coking, and other coal processing operations |
| WO2010045098A1 (en) | 2008-10-13 | 2010-04-22 | Shell Oil Company | Circulated heated transfer fluid systems used to treat a subsurface formation |
| US8448707B2 (en) | 2009-04-10 | 2013-05-28 | Shell Oil Company | Non-conducting heater casings |
| WO2011025896A1 (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2011-03-03 | Coalstar Industries, Inc. | Apparatus and processes for production of coal derived oil products |
| US8631866B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2014-01-21 | Shell Oil Company | Leak detection in circulated fluid systems for heating subsurface formations |
| US9127538B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2015-09-08 | Shell Oil Company | Methodologies for treatment of hydrocarbon formations using staged pyrolyzation |
| US8833453B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2014-09-16 | Shell Oil Company | Electrodes for electrical current flow heating of subsurface formations with tapered copper thickness |
| US9033042B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2015-05-19 | Shell Oil Company | Forming bitumen barriers in subsurface hydrocarbon formations |
| US9016370B2 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2015-04-28 | Shell Oil Company | Partial solution mining of hydrocarbon containing layers prior to in situ heat treatment |
| US9309755B2 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2016-04-12 | Shell Oil Company | Thermal expansion accommodation for circulated fluid systems used to heat subsurface formations |
| CA2862463A1 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2013-08-01 | Genie Ip B.V. | Heater pattern for in situ thermal processing of a subsurface hydrocarbon containing formation |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4244812A (en) * | 1978-12-28 | 1981-01-13 | Kerr-Mcgee Corporation | System for producing a powdery composition comprising coal products in a coal deashing process |
-
1982
- 1982-02-11 US US06/347,836 patent/US4397732A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1982-09-17 AU AU88495/82A patent/AU546833B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-09-24 GB GB08227274A patent/GB2114592B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-09-27 CA CA000412293A patent/CA1185201A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-09-29 ZA ZA827143A patent/ZA827143B/xx unknown
- 1982-10-08 JP JP57178236A patent/JPS58138785A/ja active Granted
- 1982-10-08 DE DE19823237424 patent/DE3237424A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS58138785A (ja) | 1983-08-17 |
| AU8849582A (en) | 1983-08-18 |
| GB2114592A (en) | 1983-08-24 |
| GB2114592B (en) | 1985-11-06 |
| CA1185201A (en) | 1985-04-09 |
| US4397732A (en) | 1983-08-09 |
| AU546833B2 (en) | 1985-09-19 |
| DE3237424A1 (de) | 1983-08-18 |
| ZA827143B (en) | 1983-10-26 |
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