JPH0474394B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0474394B2 JPH0474394B2 JP57178236A JP17823682A JPH0474394B2 JP H0474394 B2 JPH0474394 B2 JP H0474394B2 JP 57178236 A JP57178236 A JP 57178236A JP 17823682 A JP17823682 A JP 17823682A JP H0474394 B2 JPH0474394 B2 JP H0474394B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- coal
- solvent
- product
- mined
- liquefaction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 229
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 102
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004079 vitrinite Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003250 coal slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002328 demineralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005115 demineralization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WHRZCXAVMTUTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one Chemical compound N1C(=O)N=C2OC=CC2=C1 WHRZCXAVMTUTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006173 Larrea tridentata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000073231 Larrea tridentata Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002126 creosote Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007327 hydrogenolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001608 iron mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052960 marcasite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005519 non-carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052952 pyrrhotite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010334 sieve classification Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 sulfur hydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/06—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
- C10G1/065—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation in the presence of a solvent
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/347,836 US4397732A (en) | 1982-02-11 | 1982-02-11 | Process for coal liquefaction employing selective coal feed |
| US347836 | 1982-02-11 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS58138785A JPS58138785A (ja) | 1983-08-17 |
| JPH0474394B2 true JPH0474394B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) | 1992-11-26 |
Family
ID=23365490
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57178236A Granted JPS58138785A (ja) | 1982-02-11 | 1982-10-08 | 選択石炭を原料とする石炭液化の改良プロセス |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4397732A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| JP (1) | JPS58138785A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| AU (1) | AU546833B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| CA (1) | CA1185201A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| DE (1) | DE3237424A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| GB (1) | GB2114592B (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| ZA (1) | ZA827143B (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
Families Citing this family (42)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2129438B (en) * | 1982-10-29 | 1987-04-29 | Hri Inc | Coal slurry drying and deoxygenating process for coal liquefaction |
| DE3337621A1 (de) * | 1983-10-15 | 1985-04-25 | Veba Oel Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH, 4660 Gelsenkirchen-Buer | Verfahren zur synthesegaserzeugung |
| US4627913A (en) * | 1985-01-09 | 1986-12-09 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Catalytic coal liquefaction with treated solvent and SRC recycle |
| JPS6284180A (ja) * | 1985-10-08 | 1987-04-17 | Sumitomo Sekitan Kogyo Kk | 石炭の直接液化方法 |
| US6715546B2 (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2004-04-06 | Shell Oil Company | In situ production of synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon containing formation through a heat source wellbore |
| US7011154B2 (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2006-03-14 | Shell Oil Company | In situ recovery from a kerogen and liquid hydrocarbon containing formation |
| US6698515B2 (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2004-03-02 | Shell Oil Company | In situ thermal processing of a coal formation using a relatively slow heating rate |
| WO2001081720A1 (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2001-11-01 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | In situ recovery of hydrocarbons from a kerogen-containing formation |
| US7096953B2 (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2006-08-29 | Shell Oil Company | In situ thermal processing of a coal formation using a movable heating element |
| US6715548B2 (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2004-04-06 | Shell Oil Company | In situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation to produce nitrogen containing formation fluids |
| US6588504B2 (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2003-07-08 | Shell Oil Company | In situ thermal processing of a coal formation to produce nitrogen and/or sulfur containing formation fluids |
| US6991032B2 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2006-01-31 | Shell Oil Company | In situ thermal processing of an oil shale formation using a pattern of heat sources |
| CA2668390C (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2011-10-18 | Shell Canada Limited | In situ recovery from a tar sands formation |
| US7055600B2 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2006-06-06 | Shell Oil Company | In situ thermal recovery from a relatively permeable formation with controlled production rate |
| AU2002303481A1 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2002-11-05 | Shell Oil Company | In situ recovery from a relatively low permeability formation containing heavy hydrocarbons |
| US6969123B2 (en) | 2001-10-24 | 2005-11-29 | Shell Oil Company | Upgrading and mining of coal |
| US7077199B2 (en) | 2001-10-24 | 2006-07-18 | Shell Oil Company | In situ thermal processing of an oil reservoir formation |
| WO2003036040A2 (en) | 2001-10-24 | 2003-05-01 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | In situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation using a natural distributed combustor |
| US7090013B2 (en) | 2001-10-24 | 2006-08-15 | Shell Oil Company | In situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation to produce heated fluids |
| US7104319B2 (en) | 2001-10-24 | 2006-09-12 | Shell Oil Company | In situ thermal processing of a heavy oil diatomite formation |
| US7165615B2 (en) | 2001-10-24 | 2007-01-23 | Shell Oil Company | In situ recovery from a hydrocarbon containing formation using conductor-in-conduit heat sources with an electrically conductive material in the overburden |
| WO2004038175A1 (en) | 2002-10-24 | 2004-05-06 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Inhibiting wellbore deformation during in situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation |
| US7121342B2 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2006-10-17 | Shell Oil Company | Thermal processes for subsurface formations |
| ATE392534T1 (de) | 2004-04-23 | 2008-05-15 | Shell Int Research | Verhinderung von rücklauf in einer beheizten senkung eines in-situ-umwandlungssystems |
| US7986869B2 (en) | 2005-04-22 | 2011-07-26 | Shell Oil Company | Varying properties along lengths of temperature limited heaters |
| US8606091B2 (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2013-12-10 | Shell Oil Company | Subsurface heaters with low sulfidation rates |
| WO2008060668A2 (en) | 2006-04-21 | 2008-05-22 | Shell Oil Company | Temperature limited heaters using phase transformation of ferromagnetic material |
| US7681647B2 (en) | 2006-10-20 | 2010-03-23 | Shell Oil Company | Method of producing drive fluid in situ in tar sands formations |
| US7841425B2 (en) | 2007-04-20 | 2010-11-30 | Shell Oil Company | Drilling subsurface wellbores with cutting structures |
| CA2700732A1 (en) | 2007-10-19 | 2009-04-23 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Cryogenic treatment of gas |
| CA2718767C (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2016-09-06 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Using mines and tunnels for treating subsurface hydrocarbon containing formations |
| US20100038288A1 (en) * | 2008-08-12 | 2010-02-18 | MR&E, Ltd. | Refining coal-derived liquid from coal gasification, coking, and other coal processing operations |
| JP2012509418A (ja) | 2008-10-13 | 2012-04-19 | シエル・インターナシヨナル・リサーチ・マートスハツペイ・ベー・ヴエー | 地表下の坑井穴を形成するためのシステムおよび方法 |
| WO2010118315A1 (en) | 2009-04-10 | 2010-10-14 | Shell Oil Company | Treatment methodologies for subsurface hydrocarbon containing formations |
| WO2011025896A1 (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2011-03-03 | Coalstar Industries, Inc. | Apparatus and processes for production of coal derived oil products |
| US8820406B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2014-09-02 | Shell Oil Company | Electrodes for electrical current flow heating of subsurface formations with conductive material in wellbore |
| US8631866B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2014-01-21 | Shell Oil Company | Leak detection in circulated fluid systems for heating subsurface formations |
| US8701769B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2014-04-22 | Shell Oil Company | Methods for treating hydrocarbon formations based on geology |
| US9127523B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2015-09-08 | Shell Oil Company | Barrier methods for use in subsurface hydrocarbon formations |
| US9016370B2 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2015-04-28 | Shell Oil Company | Partial solution mining of hydrocarbon containing layers prior to in situ heat treatment |
| US9309755B2 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2016-04-12 | Shell Oil Company | Thermal expansion accommodation for circulated fluid systems used to heat subsurface formations |
| CN104428489A (zh) | 2012-01-23 | 2015-03-18 | 吉尼Ip公司 | 地下含烃地层的原位热处理的加热器模式 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4244812A (en) * | 1978-12-28 | 1981-01-13 | Kerr-Mcgee Corporation | System for producing a powdery composition comprising coal products in a coal deashing process |
-
1982
- 1982-02-11 US US06/347,836 patent/US4397732A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1982-09-17 AU AU88495/82A patent/AU546833B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-09-24 GB GB08227274A patent/GB2114592B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-09-27 CA CA000412293A patent/CA1185201A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-09-29 ZA ZA827143A patent/ZA827143B/xx unknown
- 1982-10-08 DE DE19823237424 patent/DE3237424A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-10-08 JP JP57178236A patent/JPS58138785A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2114592A (en) | 1983-08-24 |
| GB2114592B (en) | 1985-11-06 |
| US4397732A (en) | 1983-08-09 |
| JPS58138785A (ja) | 1983-08-17 |
| ZA827143B (en) | 1983-10-26 |
| AU546833B2 (en) | 1985-09-19 |
| CA1185201A (en) | 1985-04-09 |
| AU8849582A (en) | 1983-08-18 |
| DE3237424A1 (de) | 1983-08-18 |
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