JPH04506553A - Pile forming process and tooling assembly to carry it out - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Pile forming process and tooling assembly to carry it out Technical field The invention relates to the field of buildings and structures, in particular to pile forming processes and tooling. A professional who relates to assembly and constructs or reconstructs buildings and civil engineering structures. Can be used to create the foundation for piles in Seth.

Background technology Used to reinforce existing foundations, using a churn rotary excavator and casing pipe Drill holes, insert reinforcing bars, and use cement and sand as a protection measure. The step of introducing a pipe into the hole which will be used to pump the mortar of A pile manufacturing process (DH, C, 2651023) is known.

After feeding the required mortar and before its hardening, the injection pipe is placed there. The pipe is used to pump cement mortar at high pressure, Achieving spreading at the bottom of the pile formed in the process.

A hole for the pile is formed by mud excavation, and a layer of mud of small density is formed around its wall. The process is formed by A disadvantage is that the pile has poor support around its side surfaces. pie To ensure that the lower end of the column can withstand dense mud (rock or moraine) This is why the pile must be longer.

Another disadvantage of this process is that the operations involved in it in succession , i.e. deepen the hole, then install the casing pipe, pull out the drilling tool, A pipe is inserted into the hole to allow the pumping of cement and sand mortar, and Fill the hole with this mortar and press the casing pipe and mortar of cement and sand. Remove the pipe used for sending, place the injection pipe in the hole, and display the list. The cement mortar is conveyed with an interval to be maintained between the latter two of the operations carried out. The efficiency of this process is low because it requires the operation of This means that it acts as a packer during the high-pressure pumping of cement and mortar. This is related to the condensation of the pile material.

From a pipe designed to pump the setting material and connected to a mortar pump A pile making assembly (US patent → No. A, 4060994) is known. ing. The pile is sunk into the hole and the setting material is pumped into the pile. The pipe is pulled out as the material fills the hole, forming the body.

The assembly feeds the material into the hole rather than tamping the mud around it. The piles that can be raised have a low support. The assembly in question is disadvantageous in terms of its power. This low support of the pile Holding force is the congealed material minxed with water or mud while it is pumped into the hole. This is due to the fact that Furthermore, water in the ground that enters the inside of the pipe, or , due to the clay mortar, discontinuities in the pile material occur along the pile height. It is possible.

Another disadvantage of this assembly is the pile production time it can provide. is long and therefore it is difficult to deepen the hole and fill it with condensed material. Apart from this, the operations that must be carried out to prevent the wall of the hole from caving in , i.e. installing a casing pipe inside the hole, or disclosure of the invention The invention creates a zone of higher density mud around the pile that contributes to the pile's functionality. formation, thereby increasing the bearing capacity of the pile, as well as reducing the number A pile forming professional that can shorten pile forming time due to It is based on the purpose of providing process and tooling assembly.

The purpose, as mentioned above, is to create a pile by driving the setting material into the pile forming zone. In the pile forming process, when the material is fed into the pile forming zone, There is a high voltage electrical discharge induced by the material supply and the discharge induction zone It is displaced to the lower side of the pile forming zone in line with the formation of the shaft, and the pile forming zone The total energy of the discharge at a given depth in the zone is the direct energy of each part of that zone. condition such that the diameter is increased to match the diameter of the pile specified at that depth. This is achieved by specifying that

The increase in pile bearing capacity made possible by the proposed fabrication method is due to the pile formation In the process of high voltage discharge induced in the condensed material fed into the zone, Periodically, discontinuous pressure increases occur, leading to the expansion of this zone and the surrounding The mud is compacted and the free, boa-containing water is squeezed out and the condensed material This is due to the fact that free mud seeps into the bore. As a result, A zone of fixed mud is formed around the pile, and around said zone there is no tamping. A mud zone is formed. In addition, the proposed process reduces the total energy of the discharge Adjust the pile cross-sectional area to height by adjusting the depth of the pile forming zone. By doing so, you can control it.

In the proposed process, any existing known method (casing, pipe There is no operation to prevent the wall of the hole from being dented by The time requirements for pile fabrication also include material supply, pile/shaft formation, and mud compaction. This can be shortened by consolidating the following operations.

The congealing material is pumped into the pioneer hole, which is used as the pile forming zone. I can do it.

The congealing material is also deposited within the mud, which in this case serves as the pile formation zone. This can be further improved by avoiding deep hole operations that can be directly fed. Enables shortening of pile forming time.

When forming piles whose radius changes with height, relates the number of discharges at a given depth directly to the pile diameter specified at this depth. In such a way, the number of discharges can be conveniently varied during material feeding and displacement of the discharge dielectric zone. can be done.

When forming piles whose radius changes with height, at a given depth, such that its value is directly related to the pile radius specified at this depth. method, the discharge frequency can be changed during material feeding and displacement of the discharge dielectric zone. .

While forming the pile in the pioneer hole, at a predetermined depth in the pile forming zone. It is desirable that the number of discharges "n" be equal to the following:

Here r is the radius of the pile defined at a given depth m.

ro is the radius of the pioneer hole m.

W is the energy of one discharge at a predetermined depth J.

K is a coefficient that describes the cumulative strength of irreversible deformations of mud.

χ is a coefficient explaining the properties of mud.

In one of the embodiments providing pile fabrication directly in the mud, the material supply and discharge induction The electric zone is inserted into the mud with the number n of discharges at a given depth equal to Displaced deeper.

Here r is the radius of the pile defined at a given depth m.

W is the energy J of one discharge at a predetermined depth.

K is a coefficient that describes the cumulative strength of irreversible deformations in the mud.

χ is a coefficient explaining the properties of mud.

According to another embodiment that provides pile fabrication directly in the mud, the material supply and the discharge induction zone is displaced to the depth of the mud, corresponding to the specified pile height. Upon reaching the depth, its material supply and discharge induction zone are displaced upwards. Therefore, the energy of discharge incident to the material supply and the downward displacement of the discharge induction zone WI is determined from the following relation: where d provides the supply of material and the induction of discharge. is the largest cross-sectional dimension of the tooling assembly.

f is the mud strength coefficient according to Protodyakonov's scale.

On the other hand, the number n of discharges at a predetermined depth during upward displacement is determined from the following relationship.

Here, W is one discharge at a given depth during material feeding and upward displacement of the discharge induction zone. It is electric energy J.

r is the radius m of the pile defined at a predetermined depth.

K is a coefficient that describes the cumulative strength of irreversible deformations in the mud.

χ is a coefficient explaining the properties of mud.

d is the largest disconnection in the tooling assembly that poses material supply and discharge induction. The surface dimension is m.

During forming a tapered pile, the relationship between material supply and discharge induction zone is as follows: It is desirable to displace by a step increment Δh derived from Eq. .

Δh=r' (1-b) sin (2 arc tan [(1b) tan cr/ 2]), when r'>r', and (5) Δh = r' (1-b) tg (2 arc tg [(1-b) tgcr/ 2]), when r'<r''.

Here, b is the allowable relative deviation from the specified pile radius.

α is the prescribed angle of the pile taper.

r' and rII are defined by the preceding and following increments, respectively. is the defined radius of the pile.

Designed for pile production method, as well as consisting of pipes that supply the setting material The tooling assembly is aligned with coaxially spaced spaced electrodes. additionally includes a body discharger therein, one of which has an annular shape and is mounted on the insulator. and passed through it, while the other end was fixed to the end of this rod, It is connected to a current-carrying rod placed within an insulating rod, and its screen braid is The diameter of the second electrode is connected to the center core of the coaxial cable, which is connected to the first electrode. is beyond that of the insulating rod, and the first electrode has a built-in discharge opening. is firmly connected to the other end of the pipe, such that the axis of the first electrode is connected to the end of the pipe. parallel to it, and the distance between the discharge opening of the pipe and the second electrode is electrode-to-electrode. The above purpose can also be achieved by stipulating that the gap should not be less than will be accomplished.

′　The presence of a discharge machine attached to the condensed material supply pipe near its discharge opening. Therefore, the proposed tooling assembly performs the process as described above. It can be used to conduct a condensing element while simultaneously inducing a high voltage discharge into it. Allows material to be fed. Furthermore, this touring is not only done directly in the mud. , also suitable for forming piles in boreholes.

In the following, the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the best mode of carrying out the same may be carried out. will be made more fully clear through the detailed description of.

Brief description of the drawing FIG. 1 illustrates a pile forming process according to one embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates a pile forming process according to another embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 illustrates the first stage of the pile forming process according to a third embodiment of the invention Ru.

FIG. 4 illustrates the second stage of the pile forming process according to a third embodiment of the invention do.

FIG. 5 illustrates a tooling assembly for use in pile fabrication according to the present invention. Ru.

Figure 6 illustrates the changes in mud properties around piles made according to the invention. do.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The proposal process will be implemented as follows. Any known method thus The rotary excavation (in the case of cylindrical piles) below or (in the case of piles whose diameter varies with height) To deepen the pioneer hole 1 (Fig. 1) of diameter equal to the lowest diameter of the pile used. Reinforcement bars, if so specified, shall be located inside the carpenter. , the tooling assembly 2 is lowered into the bottom part of the hole 1, and the tooling assembly 2 is lowered into the bottom part of the hole 1. The assembly consists of a pipe 3 for supplying condensation material and a discharge machine 4. be done. Pipe 3 is connected to a mortar pump (not shown) and 4 is connected to an electric pulse generator 5. Based on cement or synthetic binders The condensing material 6 is fed continuously or partially under pressure through the pipe 3. In the meantime, electric pulses are supplied from the generator 5 to the electrodes of the discharge machine 4 and the create a high voltage discharge within the material. (Thus, tooling assembly 2 Zone 7, which will be found under the bottom edge of the This is the zone where you are guided. Inside the hole 1 partially or completely filled with material Each discharge produced causes a continuous increase in pressure. The resulting image The effect of the impact is the tamping of the material 6 in its zone 7 and the hole formation in its lower part. l expansion, squeezing free, bore-containing water from the adjacent mud, as well as The mud bore soaking up the material 6 is released from the water to create a zone 8 of high strength fixed mud. resulting in the formation of a further compacted mud zone 9 around zone 8. improved building quality (low porosity and high deformation coefficient) high bearing capacity). Free air formed as a result of compaction of material 6 The gap is gradually filled with the material of the new part, so that the subsequent (each discharge) occurs in a new quantity of material.

The total energy of the discharge, in this case the number of discharges, is determined by the fact that the lower part of hole 1 is in the pile. The lower part is selected to be widened to match the specified pile diameter. Ru. It is in this way that the bottom of the pile is formed.

As experimentally established by the inventors, the energy of each discharge is small. It must be at least 5 kJ, while the pressure of water vapor in hole 1 must be 50 kJ or more. The pressure can be increased to 200 MPa. When the discharge energy is less than 5kJ, the pile formation The time is longer than the material setting time, resulting in a decrease in the pile material strength. 20 Induction of discharge with energy above 0 kJ is possible only if the increase in load on the wall of the hole is allowed. Earthquake damage to adjacent buildings and structures, as well as Not recommended as it can lead to harmful effects such as In addition, the proposal process The weight and dimensional characteristics of the assembly designed to carry out the discharge energy It becomes larger as the value increases.

Furthermore, the tooling assembly 2 and therefore the underlying material supply and discharge induction The guiding zone 7 is a step increment Δh, as indicated by the arrow in FIG. As shown, it is displaced in the upward direction and the process as described earlier is repeated. thus forming a section of the pile shaft that follows it. radius is length When a pile that changes with time is produced, each subsequent step The number of discharges in the pile is equal to that in the previous step when the pile radius is increased. On the contrary, it is increased and vice versa, it is decreased and the accuracy of pile making is increased. It is determined by the relationship between (Thus, in the case of manufacturing cylindrical piles, the step Increment Δh remains constant and its value is equal to:

Δh = r, sin [arc cos (1-b)] (6) Here, r is specified b is the radius of the specified pile, b is the allowable relative radius from the specified pile radius. This is a significant deviation.

In the case of manufacturing a tapered pile, the step increment Δh is as follows: It can be determined from the relational expression.

Δh = r' (1-b) sin (2 arctg[(1-b)tgα/2 1), Δh = r' (1-b) tg (2 arct [(1-b) tgα /2]), when r’<r″.

Here, r′ and r″ are the preceding step and the following step, respectively. is the prescribed pile radius and α is the prescribed angle of the pile taper.

In this step-increment, ■ the number of discharges per stellate, n, is The radius of the pile part formed by the step is less than the radius r defined by the brO value. You can choose to make it smaller. At each step, the surface area is Formed in the shape of a spherical segment with a radius exceeding that of the pile section of 1412 This is related to the fact that there is a section of the pile that is Thus, the proposal The process produced a somewhat smaller volume of piles without harming the bearing capacity. , this makes it possible to save on materials.

The above procedure is continued until a pile shaft of height h is completely formed.

Once this is done, tooling assembly 2 is withdrawn. Send material 6 While filling the hole, the flow rate is controlled so that the level in the hole is at the level of the mouth of the hole. Being trolled.

The effect of the first discharge is to make the radius r0 of pioneer hole 1 equal to the value r, It has been experimentally determined that the

r 1 = zf, m, (8) Here, χ is a coefficient explaining the properties of mud.

W is the energy J of one discharge.

After n discharges, the increase in Δr, "r-ro" in the radius of the carpenter is determined by the following empirical formula: It can be determined from the relational expression.

Δ! − to = Δr + (K in n+1) (9) Here, Δrl = rI r e is the increase in the radius of the hole due to the influence of the first discharge.

K is a coefficient that describes the strength of the accumulation of irreversible deformations in the mud.

The number of discharges required to form a pile section of radius r is equal to the following formula: This is obvious from equations (8) and (9).

The coefficients and χ are determined empirically. The coefficient depends on the mud condition and its value is 0. It is within the range of 2 to 0.7. The coefficient χ depends on the mud type and increases with increasing mud density. increases to For example, the coefficient χ is equal to 0.00163, while for the loam layer That's 0. It is OO21. A pile is produced whose radius changes with height. When considering the case, the total energy of the discharge is given by Equation (10) as follows: However, the number of discharges is varied in proportion to the required change in pile radius. The method changes with the advancement of the tooling assembly 2. Tooling in this case The plug assembly is carefully advanced in step increments of Δh, On the other hand, the discharge frequency in this case is constant, and the properties of the condensing material used must be carefully considered. It is selected based on the specified pile forming time, but at 0.05 Hz or less. There isn't. The total energy of the discharge changes the discharge frequency according to the variation of the pile radius. It can also be adjusted in relation to the height of the pile formed in a different manner. clear In other words, the larger the pile radius required at a given depth, the smaller the discharge circumference at that depth. The wave number must be that high, and vice versa, the relationship is reversed.

In this case, the tooling assembly 2 is continuously advanced at a constant speed. Ru.

and the fact that it includes tamping the mud around it. must be considered. This process depends on the discharge frequency and material filled hole. Other courses can be taken depending on the relationship between the pressure drop rate and the pressure drop rate. When the discharge frequency is 0. If it is below 1Hz, the next discharge will occur after the pressure has completely dropped. , the consolidation of the mud (applying pressure and increasing its density) is complete and the discharge is induced The density of the mud increases as it is removed. As the frequency increases above 0.1Hz, mud The process of structural deterioration and the process of mud compaction coincided in time, and this fact Leads to faster pile shaft formation. On the other hand, in this case, the discharge frequency Increasing the wave number allows a reduction in the energy of each discharge, while degrading the mud structure. provide their combined energy sufficient to solidify and tamp it down.

On the other hand, at high frequencies of discharge, incomplete mud consolidation processes may occur, depending on mud filtration properties. A subsequent discharge occurs under process conditions, and the properties of the mud determine the rate of water production. decide. Due to this fact, the effectiveness of each discharge is reduced, while pile formation The energy consumed will increase. Thus, an initial mud porosity of 0.690 In value, the increase in discharge frequency from 0.09 to 6 Hz is due to tamping with one discharge. would reduce the effect of by a factor of 9. Discharge frequency changes within a wide range makes it possible to adjust pile formation. Reduce discharge frequency to below 0.05Hz The reason for reducing this is that the pile body formation time in this case corresponds to the material setting time. Therefore, it is not recommended. In this case, the discharge is caused by the material structure in the condensation process. This has a negative effect on the formation of piles, leading to a decrease in the support capacity of the pile. Upper side of discharge frequency The limits are set by the capabilities of the current pulse generator.

In the embodiment under discussion, the pioneer hole 1 is in the pile formation zone. already In one pile fabrication embodiment, the pile forming zone is mud, i.e., pile The ile is molded directly into the mud without the need to deepen the hole. In this case, tool The rotating assembly 2 (FIG. 2) is thus rotatably mounted in any known manner. Introduced into the mud by drilling or by injection to a depth of 0.3 to 0.5 m. The condensation material 6 is fed into each mud in exactly the same manner as previously described. A high voltage discharge is applied to dampen the zone, ensuring the formation of the upper part of the pile of specified diameter. Insert electricity into this zone as many times as possible.

After this, the tooling assembly 2, based on the shape of the pile to be created, Step increment Δ defined by either equation (6) or (7) You can go deeper into the mud by h. Material 6 is sent into the mud, so this depth The number of discharges n in is similar to that used when the material is fed into the pioneer hole. As determined from the following relational expression, r is the parameter defined at a given depth. radius.

As soon as a depth h equal to the pile height is reached, the tooling assembly It will be pulled out and rebar installed if required. Pile making process At the step, the flow rate of the material 6 is adjusted so that its height is equal to the height of the upper part of the pile. be controlled.

In contrast to the embodiment providing for pile production in pioneer holes, in this case An additional increase in the bearing capacity of the hole is ensured by deepening the hole. This is because there is no associated mud excavation, and the mud is cut "from scratch" to a specified pile radius. Pile formation is carried out in an open method. In addition, we provide pile making in mud Certain advantages of the embodiment include the elimination of hole-deepening operations and the associated material and time savings. It is in.

Just like when a pile whose radius changes with height is formed in a pioneer hole. Similarly, the displacement of tooling assembly 2 is determined by the height rather than the number of pulses. The pulse frequency can be varied according to the principle defined by the pile radius, which changes with It may be accompanied by Regarding the selection of the energy of one discharge and the discharge frequency, The considerations set out in Section 1 also apply when piles are fabricated directly in the mud. It fits.

The construction of piles in mud in the direction "from top to bottom" is due to the action of water in the ground. When reinforcing the foundation of an existing building or structure that has voids or cavities beneath the foundation. This is a convenient procedure.

when setting up intermediate supports in the basement of a reconstituted building or structure, or , is possible when laying a new foundation for a building or structure that is to be reconfigured. There is another method of making piles in mud that may be desirable. invention According to this embodiment of the tooling assembly 2 (Fig. 3) is also The electrically induced condensate is submerged in the mud and a high voltage discharge is dielectrically induced in the mud. Material 6 is fed.

However, the energy of the discharge is at the lower end of the tooling assembly 2. below, the radius of the tooling assembly 2 is approximately equal to half the diameter of its tooling assembly 2; , each of which will result in the formation of a funnel or cone. Touring・ The formation of a funnel under the assembly 2 facilitates its passage through the mud and allows the tool to Ring assembly 2 sinks into the mud by itself or with little effort. pushed into it. Touring assembly 2 on its own into the mud To define sinking, the energy Wl of one discharge is equal to the following equation: I have to go.

where d is the largest cross-sectional dimension of the tooling assembly, f is the mud strength coefficient according to Protodyakonov's scale.

The discharge frequency deposit ν is such that it defines the sink rate of a given tooling assembly. selected to: The velocity V in equation (13) is measured in m/h.

Once a depth corresponding to the height of the pile base in the mud is reached, pile forming takes place first. is carried out as described in , but in the direction from the bottom to the top; Lift tooling assembly 2 (Fig. 4) in step increments Δh The number n of discharges in each step is defined by the following relational expression.

Here, W is the energy J of one discharge in this step.

Thus, in this case, pile forming involves material supply and tooling assembly. The formation of the bottom of the pile induces a concomitant electrical discharge and the resistance of the tooling to its conveyance to the site. ・While the downward displacement of the assembly is carried out only for the purpose of lowering the bottom It is carried out from the top to the top.

Tooling assemblies designed for pile making use a valve that supplies the setting material. Eve 3 (Fig. 5) and electrodes placed coaxially and spaced apart along their axes. It consists of a discharger equipped with 10 and 11. Vibe 3 is a touring ace Some are added as the assembly is sunk deeper into the hole or mud. It consists of parts. FIG. 5 shows the end of the bottom part of the vibrator 3. touring ・When the assembly is in working position 1, the upper electrode 10 is a metal button. The upper side of the housing 12 has the shape of a threaded ring, while the lower electrode 11 has the shape of a threaded ring. A cone shape with a large taper angle and the apex pointing downwards. have This shape of the lower electrode 11 prevents the tooling assembly from sinking into mud. It facilitates embedding, but it is not essential. That is, the lower electrode is a flat surface. It may be in the shape of a disk or a ring. It is integrated with the lower electrode 11. A current pulse generator ( (not shown) is connected to the center core of the coaxial cable 14 connected to one of the leads of the This is the current-carrying rod 13. The length of cable 14 will be manufactured Set the tooling assembly down to a specified depth corresponding to the height of the pile. must be sufficient to cause it to occur. Space inside bush 12, lower electrode 1 1 to 1, and the cable 14 connected to the rod 13. The part is filled with an insulating material, for example polyethylene, and has a diameter equal to that of the electrode 1. Shape the insulating rod 15 smaller than that of 1 by, for example, 8 to 101II11. and a space between the lower end surface of electrode 10 and the annular circumferential area of the upper surface of electrode 11. The pace extends beyond the rod 15 and forms an interelectrode space 16.

The upper electrode 10 is welded to the end of the vibrator 3 and extends from the discharge opening 17 of the vibrator 3 to the lower side. The distance to the electrode 11 is not less than the interelectrode space 16. Vibrator 3 and electrode 10 Other types of connections between are possible, thus vibrator 3 is screwed into this electrode. In that case, by moving the electrode 10 along the bush 12, Adjustment of the interelectrode space 16 is performed by removing the vibrator 3 from the electrode 10. This simplifies the preparation of the tooling assembly for operation. .

The vibrator 3 is electrically connected to the screen braid of the coaxial cable 14, and this cable is in turn connected to the other lead of the current pulse generator and its enclosure connected to the enclosure. The current-carrying rod 13 has a circular protrusion 18, which The purpose of This is to prevent the fixation of the current-carrying rod 13 from being disturbed.

In the lower part of the vibrator 13 near its discharge opening 17, the function of This role is played by the deflector that will be attached to the vibe 3 under the I can do it.

The surface layers of the electrodes 10 and 11 and the current-carrying rod 13 are hardened so that they do not melt during discharge. Made from hard (viscous) steel to reduce metal erosion from the electrode surface It is made.

The tooling assembly has the vibe 3 installed inside the excavator's swivel head. installed vertically in a drilling rig (not shown), for example. Ru. The electrode 10 is designed to ensure maximum efficiency in converting the discharge energy into mechanical work. displacement along the bushing 126 to adjust the interelectrode spacing 16 to a predetermined value such as be done. If the pile is formed in a pioneer hole, the tooling assembly Bree is lowered to the bottom of her hole, and as it is lowered, it is exposed to vibrator 13. The image part is added. Upon reaching the bottom of the hole, the cable 14 connects to the current pulse generator. and pipe 3 is connected to the mortar pump (not shown). It will be done. The condensed material is pumped under pressure through pipe 3 to the bottom of the hole, and at the same time an electric current is applied. The current pulse generator is turned on and sends current pulses to electrodes 10 and 11. high A voltage discharge occurs in the interelectrode space 16, which is expanded and filled with condensed material. into the lower part of the hole, as well as into the mud around this part which is fixed and tamped. It gets through. As the pile is formed section by section, the tooling assembly First, it is lifted upwards. The displacement of the tooling assembly is e.g. Check the markings on the side of the drilling rig or on the feed rack of the drilling rig's swivel head. controlled by observation.

If the pile is formed directly in the mud, the tooling assembly should be 0.3 The tooling assembly was pushed into the mud to a depth of 0.5 m from used to shape piles in a similar manner while gradually sinking deeper into .

Figure 6 shows the variation in mud strength around a pile 20 made according to the invention. Display the experimental data shown. Plotted horizontally on the graph are the meters. The compression around the pile 20 is from 0.4 to 1 MPa, so that the pile in units of piles is ≠ 4. Zone 8 of fixed mud with strength R and 480 MPa, 330 MPa and 3 respectively. Three subzones 21, 22 with a value of deformation coefficient E corresponding to 10 MPa, arranged A zone of tamped mud consisting of 23 is formed. Adjacent The left side of the graph illustrating pile 20 with mud is the site where this pile was formed. There is a geological cross-section of The mud layer 24 is an intermediate layer with a porosity e corresponding to 0.75. Layer 25 is a fine sand layer saturated with water (e=0.72). , e = 190 MPa), layer 26 is a wheel-shaped sand layer (e = 0.67, E = 150 MPa, internal friction ψ mud angle 28°, adhesive force C = 0.04 kPa), and Layer 27 is a layer of water-saturated fine sand with the same properties as those of layer 25. . Comparing the properties of the initial mud with those of the mud adjacent to pile 20, the circumference of the pile and that the bearing capacity of the mud beneath its base is 1.5 to 3 times higher. You can see it.

Below are specific examples of implementations of the proposed process.

Specific example 1゜ The tooling assembly is assembled from top to bottom as described in connection with Figure 2. A pipe with a diameter of 0.3 m and a height of 1 m in a mixed paper saturated with water is displaced with Manufacture of the main part.

Setting material: cement mortar.

The coefficient explaining the strength of the accumulation of irreversible deformed objects in the mud = 0.54° Coefficient χ that describes the properties of mud: O, OO163° Large section size: 0.09m.

Cement mortar flow rate: 2.3 rI (/h.

Energy of one discharge: 50kJ.

Discharge frequency: lHz.

Number of steps: 14° Step increment value: 0.017m.

Number of discharges per l step = 16° ■Pile formation time per step: O, OO44h.

Formation time for 1m long pile section: 0.062h.

Specific example 2゜ As described in connection with FIGS. 3 and 4, if the tooling assembly is Maximum diameter of 0.3 m in dense loam mud with displacement from the bottom to the bottom. , production of a tapered pile section with a height of 1m and a taper angle of 14° .

Setting material: cement sand mortar.

The coefficient explaining the strength of the accumulation of irreversible deformed objects in the mud = 0.7° Coefficient χ that describes the properties of mud: O, OO 302° Large cross-sectional dimension: 0.09°A, between which the tooling assembly is 1m deep Sink into the mud.

Energy of one discharge: 33.34kJ.

Discharge frequency: 0.18Hz.

Crab 1 added to the tooling assembly to cause its sinking kN.

Sinking speed of the tooling assembly = 40 m/h.

Tooling assembly sinking time: 0.　O25h.

B. During that time, the tooling assembly is discharged from the bottom to the top at a frequency of IHz.

Number of stems: 26° Other data are shown in the table below.

(In the table) 1) Number of steps. 2) Pile diameter at specified depth, mo 3) 1st Increment per step, m. 4) Discharge per step number. 5) Formation time of pile part per 1 stem knob, h.

0 0.30 0.13 3 8.3 Xl0-’1 0.33 0.14 4 1.1 xlO-320, 360, 1651, 4Xl0-'3 0.40 0 ．． 17 7 1.94xlO-'4 0.44 0.19 11 3. I 0-35 0.49 0.21 18 5. OxlO-36 (1,54318, 6Xl0-' Specific example 3゜ In a pioneer hole with a diameter of 0.13 m and a depth of 1.0 m sunk in clay. Fabrication of a cylindrical pile section with a diameter of 0.4 m and a height of 1.0 m. The pile is related to Figure 1. Manufactured as described above.

Set material: cement/sand mortar.

Coefficient KO07° that explains the strength of the accumulation of irreversible deformations in mud Coefficient χ that describes the properties of mud: 0.00302° Large cross-sectional dimension: 0.09 ma Cement sand mortar flow rate: 2.02 rrr/h.

Energy of one discharge: 50kJ.

Discharge frequency: IHz.

Number of steps: 12° Step increment value: 0.087m.

■Number of discharges per step: 16° Formation time of pile part per l step: o, oo 44 h.

Formation time of pile part for 1 m length: 0.062 h.

Embodiments of the invention as described above include the production of cylindrical and tapered piles. Although the proposed invention is suitable for other shapes, e.g. A tapered (stepped) shape (i.e. several circles of varying diameter) that can be used for (composed of a cylindrical part) in which one or more layers have significantly reduced strength. It can also be used for piles with a holding shape. Another possible type is cylindrical It has a tapered pile. In addition, the change in pile radius with height Adjust the number of discharges or the frequency of discharges when the plug assembly is displaced. not only by controlling the energy of each discharge, but also by controlling the energy of each individual discharge. You can also get it. In addition, changing the discharge energy can change the number of discharges or It can be combined with changing the frequency.

Possibility of using piles of any shape as adapted to specific construction conditions In relation to the physical properties of the mud, the supporting capacity of the fabricated tile is given by the known method of filling. It has been found that it is 5 to 6 times that of (on-site cast) pile.

The present invention also reduces the costs associated with drilling holes; When molded directly in the case, it is possible to eliminate the cost and Eliminate the use of shing pipes and clay mortars, i.e. reduce the number of operations. It also makes it possible to shorten the pile manufacturing time.

It can be used to create a foundation for piles during the rebuilding (repair) process. come.

FI6.2 international search report 11--1--111, PCT/Sυ90100064

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. The material supply and discharge induction zone (7) are consistent with the formation of the pile shaft. and at a given depth of the pile forming zone. The total energy of the discharge in the zone increases as the diameter of each part of the zone increases. A high voltage discharge is applied to the pile forming zone with the specified pile diameter at this depth. A pile shape characterized by being guided in the material (6) fed into the pile. The process of forming piles by feeding the setting material (6) into the formation zone. 2. of the pioneer hole (1) where the setting material (6) is used as the pile forming zone. A process as defined in claim 1, characterized in that it is fed into a process. 3. The setting material (6) is fed directly into the mud which is used as a pile forming zone. A process as defined in claim 1, characterized in that: 4. In the case of piles that are to be formed with radius varying with height, During the material supply and displacement of the discharge induction zone (7), the number of electric currents is This number at depth is directly related to the pile radius specified at this depth. Either claim 2 or claim 3, characterized in that the invention is modified in various ways. Process as defined in paragraph 1. 5. In the case of piles that are to be formed with radius varying with height, During the material feeding and displacement of the discharge induction zone (7), the electric frequency is such that its value at a given depth is related to the specified pile radius at a given depth. Any one of claim 2 or claim 3, characterized in that the method is modified in a manner. process as defined in . 6. The number n of discharges at a given depth of the pile forming zone is determined by the following equation: n=exP(r-X3√W/K(X3√W-ro))Here, r is specified to the specified depth. The defined radius of the pile is m. ro is the radius m of the pioneer hole. W is the energy J of one discharge at a predetermined depth. K is a coefficient that describes the cumulative strength of irreversible deformations in the mud. X is a coefficient explaining the properties of mud. A process as defined in claim 2, characterized in that it is equal to . 7. The number of discharges at a given depth is determined by the following equation: n=(exP(r-X3√W /KX3√W)) where r is the radius m of the pile defined at a given depth. W is the energy J of one discharge at a predetermined depth. K is a coefficient that describes the strength of the accumulation of irreversible deformations in the mud. X is a coefficient explaining the properties of mud. the material supply and discharge induction zone (7) is displaced into the mud in a state equal to A process as defined in claim 3, characterized in that: 8. The material supply and discharge induction zone (7) is displaced into the mud and the prescribed pile height is Upon reaching a depth corresponding to , the material supply and discharge induction zone (7) is displaced upwards. The energy W1 of one discharge is distributed between the material supply and the area under the discharge induction zone (7). During the displacement in the direction, the following relation: W1=(d3f/13.12)J. Here, d is the tooling assembly to ensure material supply and discharge induction. The maximum cross-sectional dimension is mm. f is the mud strength coefficient according to Protodyakonov's scale. n, the number of discharges at a given depth during the upward displacement of said zone (7) is the following relational expression, i.e., n=exP(r-X3√W/K(X3√W-0.5d) ) where W is once at a given depth during the material feeding and upward displacement of the discharge induction zone. is the discharge energy J. r is the radius m of the pile defined at a predetermined depth. K is a coefficient that describes the cumulative strength of irreversible deformations in the mud. x is a coefficient explaining the properties of mud. d is the maximum cross-sectional dimension m of the tooling assembly that ensures material supply and discharge induction It is. A process as defined in claim 8, characterized in that it is determined from. 9. Material supply and discharge induction zone (7) when forming tapered piles is the following relational expression, Δh=r'(1-b). sin {2 arc tan [( 1-b). tan　α/2]}, when r′>r″. and, Δh=r'(1-b). tan {2arc tan. [(1-b). tanα/ 2]}, when r′<r″. where b is the allowable relative deviation from the specified pile radius. α is the defined angle of the pile taper. r' and r'' are for the preceding and following steps, respectively. is the specified pile radius. It is characterized by being displaced in step increments of Δh determined from , a process as defined in claim 4. 10. It consists of a pipe (3) for supplying the condensation material, which further A discharge machine 9 is equipped with coaxially spaced electrodes (10 and 11). An insulator built into the insulator, the first electrode (10) of which has an annular shape and passes through it. mounted on the rod (15), while the second electrode (11) is mounted on this rod (1 5) is placed inside the insulating rod (15) and its screen the coaxial cable (14) is connected to the central core of the coaxial cable (14), which is connected to the first electrode. The diameter of the second electrode (11) is connected to the insulated rod (13). The first electrode (10) exceeds that of the electrode (15) and its discharge opening (17) It is firmly connected to the end of the built-in pipe (3), so that the first electrode (1 0) is parallel to that of pipe (3), and the discharge opening (17 ) and the second electrode (11) is less than or equal to the interelectrode space (16) Tooling assembly for pile forming, featuring: