JPH04320495A - Self-lubricating composite material and its preparation - Google Patents
Self-lubricating composite material and its preparationInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04320495A JPH04320495A JP8692091A JP8692091A JPH04320495A JP H04320495 A JPH04320495 A JP H04320495A JP 8692091 A JP8692091 A JP 8692091A JP 8692091 A JP8692091 A JP 8692091A JP H04320495 A JPH04320495 A JP H04320495A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- composite material
- weight
- self
- boron nitride
- alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 49
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 3
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical compound C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【０００１】0001
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、各種の機械部品として
用いられる軸受材料又はしゅう動材料に適する自己潤滑
性複合材料とその製造方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a self-lubricating composite material suitable for bearing materials or sliding materials used as various mechanical parts, and a method for producing the same.
【０００２】0002
【従来の技術】従来、二硫化タングステン、二硫化モリ
ブデン、黒鉛、フッ化黒鉛、フッ化カルシウムなどの潤
滑性物質と、各種の金属及び合金とからなる焼結体が自
己潤滑性材料として使用されている。これら従来の自己
潤滑性材料が記載されている代表的なものとしては特開
昭５３−１２２０５９号公報、特開昭６２−１９６３５
１号公報などがある。[Prior Art] Conventionally, sintered bodies made of lubricating substances such as tungsten disulfide, molybdenum disulfide, graphite, graphite fluoride, and calcium fluoride, and various metals and alloys have been used as self-lubricating materials. ing. Representative examples of these conventional self-lubricating materials are JP-A-53-122059 and JP-A-62-19635.
There are publications such as Publication No. 1.
【０００３】二硫化タングステン、二硫化モリブデン又
は黒鉛などの潤滑性物質と、各種の金属及び合金の結合
相からなる自己潤滑性材料は、潤滑性物質としての出発
原料粉末と結合相としての出発原料粉末とを混合、成形
後、焼結しているが、こうして得た焼結体の中の潤滑性
物質は結合相の金属及び合金と反応して潤滑性のない物
質に変化して、その歩留りを低下させるか、金属又は合
金との濡れ性が悪いために結合力が低く、自己潤滑性材
料の摩耗の増大及び強度低下をもたらし、寿命が著しく
低下してしまうという問題がある。さらに、二硫化タン
グステン、二硫化モリブデン又は黒鉛などの潤滑性物質
を含む自己潤滑性材料は大気中で３００℃以上の温度に
なると酸化して潤滑性が無くなってしまう。そのため大
気中にて、高温で使用することが困難である。Self-lubricating materials consisting of a lubricating substance such as tungsten disulfide, molybdenum disulfide or graphite and a binder phase of various metals and alloys are composed of a starting material powder as the lubricating substance and a starting material powder as the binder phase. The lubricating substance in the sintered body thus obtained reacts with the metal and alloy of the binder phase and changes to a non-lubricating substance, reducing the yield. There is a problem that the bond strength is low due to poor wettability with metals or alloys, resulting in increased wear and decreased strength of self-lubricating materials, resulting in a significant reduction in service life. Furthermore, self-lubricating materials containing lubricating substances such as tungsten disulfide, molybdenum disulfide, or graphite oxidize and lose their lubricity when exposed to temperatures of 300° C. or higher in the atmosphere. Therefore, it is difficult to use it in the atmosphere at high temperatures.
【０００４】0004
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、上述のよう
な問題点を解決したもので、高温での摩擦係数及び比摩
耗率が低く、機械的性質及び耐熱、耐食に優れた自己潤
滑性複合材料及びその製造方法の提供を目的とするもの
である。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and provides self-lubricating properties with low friction coefficient and specific wear rate at high temperatures, excellent mechanical properties, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance. The purpose of this invention is to provide a composite material and a method for manufacturing the same.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、自己潤滑性複
合材料における潤滑性物質と結合相の金属及び合金との
反応性や濡れ性について検討した結果、潤滑性物質の組
成、そのサイズと結合相の金属及び合金との結合性に少
量の元素が効果的に作用するという知見を得ることによ
って発明を完成するに至ったものである。[Means for Solving the Problems] As a result of studying the reactivity and wettability between the lubricating substance and the metal and alloy of the binder phase in self-lubricating composite materials, the present invention has developed the composition of the lubricating substance, its size, and the like. The invention was completed by obtaining the knowledge that small amounts of elements effectively affect the bonding properties of the binder phase with metals and alloys.
【０００６】すなわち、本発明は、窒化ホウ素を５〜８
０体積％と、残りが０．５〜５．０重量％のＮｉと０．
０５〜１．０重量％のＢを含む金属及び合金を主成分と
する結合相とからなる自己潤滑性複合材料であって、前
記窒化ホウ素が粒径３μｍ 以上２０００μｍ 以下の
大きさであることを特徴とする自己潤滑性複合材料、お
よび、窒化ホウ素を主成分とし、０．５〜５．０重量％
のＮｉと０．０５〜１．０重量％のＢを含む粒状相を５
〜８０体積％、残りが金属及び合金を主成分とする結合
相とからなる自己潤滑性複合材料であって、前記粒状相
が粒径３μｍ 以上２０００μｍ 以下の大きさである
ことを特徴としている。That is, the present invention uses boron nitride in an amount of 5 to 8
0% by volume, the rest being 0.5-5.0% by weight of Ni and 0.0% by volume.
A self-lubricating composite material comprising a binder phase mainly composed of metal and alloy containing 05 to 1.0% by weight of B, wherein the boron nitride has a particle size of 3 μm or more and 2000 μm or less. A self-lubricating composite material with characteristics and boron nitride as the main component, 0.5 to 5.0% by weight
5% of Ni and 0.05 to 1.0% by weight of B.
A self-lubricating composite material comprising ~80% by volume and a binder phase whose main components are metals and alloys, the remainder being characterized in that the granular phase has a particle size of 3 μm or more and 2000 μm or less.
【０００７】窒化ホウ素は化学的に安定な物質で、大気
中では最も高温まで摩擦係数の低い物質である。しかし
ながら、化学的に安定であることは金属および合金との
濡れ性、結合性が悪く、これまで窒化ホウ素を主成分と
した金属および合金の自己潤滑性複合材料はほとんどな
く、あっても機械的強度が低く、使用に耐えられなかっ
た。そこで、窒化ホウ素と金属及び合金との反応性、濡
れ性等について詳細に検討した結果、少量のＮｉとＢと
を存在させることによって窒化ホウ素と金属及び合金と
が強固に結合した材料を製造することに成功した。すな
わち、焼結中にＮｉとＢとが反応して融点の低い化合物
を形成し、それが液相となって窒化ホウ素同士及び窒化
ホウ素と金属及び合金との界面に浸透し、その液相は焼
結後の冷却時に固化して強固な結合層を形成することを
明らかにして、潤滑性および機械的性質に優れた複合材
料を造ることができた。ＮｉとＢはそれぞれ単独に加え
るか、Ｎｉ−Ｂの合金として添加するか、いずれの方法
を採用しても差し支えはない。[0007] Boron nitride is a chemically stable substance and has the lowest coefficient of friction up to the highest temperature in the atmosphere. However, being chemically stable means that it has poor wettability and bonding properties with metals and alloys, and so far there have been few self-lubricating composites of metals and alloys with boron nitride as the main component, and even if there are, they have poor mechanical properties. It had low strength and could not be used. Therefore, as a result of detailed studies on the reactivity, wettability, etc. of boron nitride and metals and alloys, it was found that a material in which boron nitride and metals and alloys are strongly bonded by the presence of small amounts of Ni and B was manufactured. It was very successful. That is, during sintering, Ni and B react to form a compound with a low melting point, which becomes a liquid phase and penetrates the interface between boron nitrides and between boron nitride and metals and alloys, and the liquid phase becomes It was revealed that the composite material solidifies and forms a strong bonding layer when cooled after sintering, making it possible to create a composite material with excellent lubricity and mechanical properties. Ni and B may be added individually or as a Ni-B alloy, whichever method may be adopted.
【０００８】金属及び合金の結合相は、使用環境によっ
て種々の構成にすることができ、例えば耐食性を必要と
する場合は、青銅又はモネルなどの銅系合金、耐食性及
び耐熱性を必要とする場合は、炭素鋼、合金鋼、ステン
レス鋼などの鉄系合金、インコネル、ハステロイなどの
ニッケル系合金、ステライトなどのコバルト系合金、Ｔ
ｉ及びＴｉ−６Ａｌ−４Ｖなどのチタン系合金等とする
ことができる。[0008] The binder phase of metals and alloys can have various configurations depending on the usage environment, for example, when corrosion resistance is required, bronze or a copper-based alloy such as Monel, and when corrosion resistance and heat resistance are required. are iron-based alloys such as carbon steel, alloy steel, and stainless steel, nickel-based alloys such as Inconel and Hastelloy, cobalt-based alloys such as Stellite, and T.
It can be made of titanium-based alloys such as Ti and Ti-6Al-4V.
【０００９】[0009]
【作用】本発明の自己潤滑性複合材料は、潤滑性物質を
主成分とする粉体相を金属又は合金の結合相が取り囲ん
だ構造によって焼結体の強度が高く、しかも粉体相中に
含まれる潤滑性物質が使用時に相手材との接触面に被膜
として供給されることによって大気中で高温まで、比摩
耗率と摩耗係数の両者を著しく低下しているものである
。[Function] The self-lubricating composite material of the present invention has a structure in which a powder phase containing a lubricating substance as a main component is surrounded by a binder phase of metal or alloy, and the strength of the sintered body is high. The lubricating substance contained therein is supplied as a film to the contact surface with the mating material during use, thereby significantly reducing both the specific wear rate and the wear coefficient even at high temperatures in the atmosphere.
【００１０】すなわち、本発明の自己潤滑性複合材料は
大きく分けると２種類からなる。その第一は窒化ホウ素
を５体積％以上〜８０体積％と残り０．５〜５．０重量
％のＮｉと０．０５〜１．０重量％のＢを含む金属及び
合金を主成分とする結合相とからなる自己潤滑性複合材
料であって、前記窒化ホウ素が粒径３μｍ 以上２００
０μｍ 以下の大きさのものが含まれていることを特徴
とするものである。That is, the self-lubricating composite material of the present invention is roughly divided into two types. The first one is mainly composed of metals and alloys containing boron nitride at 5% to 80% by volume, the remaining 0.5 to 5.0% by weight of Ni, and 0.05 to 1.0% by weight of B. A self-lubricating composite material comprising a binder phase, wherein the boron nitride has a particle size of 3 μm or more and 200 μm or more.
It is characterized in that it contains particles with a size of 0 μm or less.
【００１１】窒化ホウ素の占める体積が５％未満である
と潤滑性が発揮できず、逆に８０％超になると結合相が
少なくなりすぎて焼結体の強度が低下して複合材料の形
成が困難となる。このため窒化ホウ素の割合は５〜８０
体積％、好ましくは１０〜６０体積％とする。If the volume occupied by boron nitride is less than 5%, lubricity cannot be achieved, and if it exceeds 80%, the binder phase becomes too small, reducing the strength of the sintered body and making it difficult to form a composite material. It becomes difficult. Therefore, the proportion of boron nitride is 5 to 80
% by volume, preferably 10 to 60 % by volume.
【００１２】窒化ホウ素の粒径が、３μｍ 未満である
と分散性が悪く複合材料の摩擦係数が増大して潤滑性が
低下し、２０００μｍ を越えて大きくなると結合相の
厚みが増大して摩擦係数が増大する。このために、窒化
ホウ素の大きさは３μｍ 以上２０００μｍ 以下、好
ましくは１０μｍ 以上１０００μｍ 以下とする。こ
の窒化ホウ素を取り囲む結合相は窒化ホウ素を保持する
とともに強固な結合を形成するものである。この結合相
は使用環境によって種々の構成にすることができる。耐
食性を必要とする場合は、青銅又はモネルなどの銅系合
金、耐食性及び耐熱性を必要とする場合は、炭素鋼、合
金鋼、ステンレス鋼などの鉄系合金、インコネル、ハス
テロイなどのニッケル系合金、ステライトなどのコバル
ト系合金，Ｔｉ−６Ａｌ−４Ｖなどのチタン系合金等を
結合相にすることができる。いずれの金属及び合金を結
合相にする場合にも、０．５重量％以上５．０重量％以
下のＮｉと０．０５重量％以上１．０重量％以下のＢを
含むことが必要である。[0012] If the particle size of boron nitride is less than 3 μm, the dispersibility will be poor and the friction coefficient of the composite material will increase, resulting in a decrease in lubricity; if it exceeds 2000 μm, the thickness of the binder phase will increase and the friction coefficient will decrease. increases. For this purpose, the size of boron nitride is set to 3 μm or more and 2000 μm or less, preferably 10 μm or more and 1000 μm or less. The bonding phase surrounding the boron nitride holds the boron nitride and forms a strong bond. This bonded phase can have various configurations depending on the environment of use. If corrosion resistance is required, copper-based alloys such as bronze or Monel are required. If corrosion resistance and heat resistance are required, iron-based alloys such as carbon steel, alloy steel, and stainless steel, and nickel-based alloys such as Inconel and Hastelloy are used. , cobalt-based alloys such as stellite, titanium-based alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V, etc. can be used as the binder phase. When using any metal or alloy as a binder phase, it must contain 0.5% to 5.0% by weight of Ni and 0.05% to 1.0% by weight of B. .
【００１３】ＮｉとＢは焼結時に反応して液相となり、
結合相の焼結を促進すると同時に窒化ホウ素と結合相と
を強固に結合させる。Ｎｉの量が０．５重量％未満、Ｂ
の量が０．０５重量％未満では低融点の化合物が形成さ
れず、Ｎｉの量が５．０重量％超、Ｂの量が１．０重量
％超では非常に脆い結合相が形成されて、窒化ホウ素と
金属または合金の結合相との結合力は逆に低下してしま
う。そのためＮｉ量を０．５重量％以上５．０重量％以
下、Ｂｉ量を０．０５重量％以上１．０重量％以下とす
ることが必要である。しかも、ＮｉとＢの両者は共存さ
せる必要があり、どちらかの１元素だけではその効果を
発揮できない。なお、ニッケル合金を結合相として用い
る場合にもＮｉの添加はより効果的である。[0013] Ni and B react during sintering to form a liquid phase,
It promotes sintering of the binder phase and at the same time firmly bonds boron nitride and the binder phase. The amount of Ni is less than 0.5% by weight, B
If the amount of B is less than 0.05% by weight, a low melting point compound will not be formed, and if the amount of Ni is more than 5.0% by weight and the amount of B is more than 1.0% by weight, a very brittle binder phase will be formed. On the contrary, the bonding strength between boron nitride and the metal or alloy binder phase decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to set the Ni amount to 0.5% to 5.0% by weight and the Bi content to 0.05% to 1.0% by weight. Moreover, both Ni and B need to coexist, and either one element alone cannot exhibit the effect. Note that addition of Ni is also more effective when using a nickel alloy as a binder phase.
【００１４】本発明の第二は、窒化ホウ素を主成分とし
、０．５〜５．０重量％のＮｉと０．０５〜１０．重量
％のＢを含む粒状相を５〜８０体積％、残りが金属及び
合金を主成分とする結合相とからなる自己潤滑性複合材
料であって、前記粒状相が粒径３μｍ 以上２０００μ
ｍ 以下の大きさであることを特徴とする自己潤滑性複
合材料である。窒化ホウ素は化学的に安定であるため、
窒化ホウ素粉末同志の焼結性及び金属及び合金の結合相
との結合性が悪く、これまで窒化ホウ素を主成分とした
自己潤滑性複合材料はほとんどなかった。しかも窒化ホ
ウ素の粉末は微細なものが多く、５００μｍ を越える
ものを入手するのは困難である。しかしながら、微細な
窒化ホウ素粉末に、Ｎｉを０．５重量％以上５．０重量
％以下、Ｂを０．０５重量％以上１．０重量％以下添加
することにより、窒化ホウ素粉末同志を強固に結合させ
、金属及び合金の結合相との結合力が強い粒状相を造る
ことができる。ＮｉとＢは焼結時に反応して低融点の化
合物を形成して液相となり、窒化ホウ素粉末同志の間及
び窒化ホウ素と金属及び合金の結合相の間に浸透し、焼
結後の冷却時に固化して、それらを強固に結合させる。The second aspect of the present invention is mainly composed of boron nitride, with 0.5 to 5.0% by weight of Ni and 0.05 to 10% by weight. A self-lubricating composite material consisting of 5 to 80% by volume of a granular phase containing B at % by weight, and the remainder being a binder phase mainly composed of metals and alloys, wherein the granular phase has a particle size of 3 μm or more and 2000 μm or more.
It is a self-lubricating composite material characterized by having a size of less than m. Since boron nitride is chemically stable,
Until now, there have been almost no self-lubricating composite materials containing boron nitride as a main component due to the poor sintering properties of boron nitride powders and the poor bonding properties with metal and alloy binder phases. Moreover, boron nitride powder is often fine, and it is difficult to obtain powder with a diameter exceeding 500 μm. However, by adding Ni of 0.5% to 5.0% by weight and B of 0.05% to 1.0% by weight to fine boron nitride powder, the boron nitride powder can be strengthened. can be combined to create a granular phase with strong bonding strength with the metal and alloy binder phase. Ni and B react during sintering to form a compound with a low melting point and become a liquid phase, which penetrates between boron nitride powders and between the bonding phase of boron nitride and metals and alloys, and when cooled after sintering. solidify to firmly bind them together.
【００１５】Ｎｉの量が０．５重量％未満、Ｂの量が０
．０５重量％未満では低融点の化合物が形成され難く、
Ｎｉの量が５．０重量％超、Ｂの量が１．０重量％超で
は非常に脆い結合相が形成されるため、Ｎｉ量を０．５
重量％以上５．０重量％以下、Ｂ量を０．０５重量％以
上１．０重量％以下とすることが必要である。このよう
にして製造した窒化ホウ素を主成分にした粒状相の自己
潤滑性複合材料における体積は５体積％以上８０体積％
以下とする必要がある。粒状相の占める体積が５％未満
では摩擦係数が大きくなり、８０％超では焼結体の機械
的性質が劣化する。そのため粒状相の占める体積を５体
積％以上８０体積％以下とする必要がある。さらに、粒
状相の大きさが３μｍ 未満であると分散性が悪くなっ
て摩擦係数が増大し、また、２０００μｍ を越えると
結合相が厚くなり過ぎて潤滑性が劣化する。そのため粒
状相の大きさは３μｍ 以上２０００μｍ 以下とする
必要がある。[0015] The amount of Ni is less than 0.5% by weight, and the amount of B is 0.
．． If it is less than 0.05% by weight, it is difficult to form a compound with a low melting point,
If the amount of Ni exceeds 5.0% by weight and the amount of B exceeds 1.0% by weight, a very brittle binder phase will be formed, so the amount of Ni is reduced to 0.5% by weight.
It is necessary to set the amount of B to 0.05% to 1.0% by weight. The volume of the self-lubricating composite material of granular phase mainly composed of boron nitride produced in this way is 5% by volume or more and 80% by volume.
It is necessary to do the following. If the volume occupied by the granular phase is less than 5%, the friction coefficient becomes large, and if it exceeds 80%, the mechanical properties of the sintered body deteriorate. Therefore, the volume occupied by the granular phase needs to be 5% by volume or more and 80% by volume or less. Furthermore, if the size of the granular phase is less than 3 μm, the dispersibility will be poor and the coefficient of friction will increase, and if it exceeds 2000 μm, the binder phase will become too thick and the lubricity will deteriorate. Therefore, the size of the granular phase needs to be 3 μm or more and 2000 μm or less.
【００１６】本発明の自己潤滑性複合材料の製造方法は
、窒化ホウ素粉末と、０．５〜５．０重量％のＮｉと０
．０５〜１．０重量％のＢを含む結合相形成用の合金粉
末とを、混合及び成形後、非酸化性雰囲気中で７００℃
以上１３００℃以下の温度で焼結すること、及び０．５
〜５．０重量％のＮｉと０．０５〜１．０重量％のＢを
含む窒化ホウ素を主成分にした粒状相粉末と、結合相形
成用の合金粉末とを、混合及び成形後、非酸化性雰囲気
中で７００℃以上１３００℃以下の温度で焼結すること
を特徴とする。The method for producing a self-lubricating composite material of the present invention includes boron nitride powder, 0.5 to 5.0% by weight of Ni, and 0.5% to 5.0% by weight of Ni.
．． After mixing and molding the alloy powder for forming a binder phase containing 05 to 1.0% by weight of B, the mixture was heated at 700°C in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
sintering at a temperature of 1300°C or above, and 0.5
After mixing and molding a granular phase powder mainly composed of boron nitride containing ~5.0 wt% Ni and 0.05~1.0 wt% B, and an alloy powder for forming a binder phase, It is characterized by being sintered at a temperature of 700°C or higher and 1300°C or lower in an oxidizing atmosphere.
【００１７】本発明の自己潤滑性複合材料の製造方法に
おいて、粒状相を造る造粒工程は一般に行われている造
粒方法が利用できる。例えば、回転ドラム中で、潤滑性
物質を主成分とする混合粉末に、水、アルコール、エチ
ルシリケート、水ガラスなどを添加しながら造粒する方
法、あるいは潤滑性物質を主成分とする混合粉末を加圧
成形し、次いで粉砕及び篩い分けを行って造粒する方法
などである。造粒後は非酸化性雰囲気中で５００〜１２
００℃で加熱処理を行うと粉末に含まれているガスなど
を追い出すことができ、また造粒粉が硬くなり取扱が容
易になって好ましい。In the method for producing the self-lubricating composite material of the present invention, a commonly used granulation method can be used for the granulation step to form a granular phase. For example, a mixed powder mainly composed of a lubricating substance is granulated in a rotating drum while adding water, alcohol, ethyl silicate, water glass, etc., or a mixed powder mainly composed of a lubricating substance is granulated. This method includes pressure molding, followed by pulverization and sieving to form granules. 500-12 in a non-oxidizing atmosphere after granulation
Heat treatment at 00° C. is preferable because gases contained in the powder can be expelled, and the granulated powder becomes hard and easy to handle.
【００１８】これらの潤滑性物質の粉末及び金属又は合
金の結合相の粉末とを混合し、成形後焼結する際、焼結
温度を７００℃〜１３００℃とすることが重要である。
７００℃未満では焼結の進行が遅くて機械的強度の低い
焼結体になり、１３００℃超では潤滑性物質の変質と歩
留りの低下を招く。そのため焼結温度を７００℃〜１３
００℃とした。[0018] When the powder of these lubricating substances and the powder of the metal or alloy binder phase are mixed, molded, and then sintered, it is important to set the sintering temperature to 700°C to 1300°C. If it is less than 700°C, the sintering progresses slowly, resulting in a sintered body with low mechanical strength, and if it exceeds 1300°C, the quality of the lubricating substance changes and the yield decreases. Therefore, the sintering temperature is 700℃~13
The temperature was 00°C.
【００１９】酸化性雰囲気中では潤滑性物質が酸化して
しまうため非酸化性雰囲気とすることが望ましい。この
ようにして低温の焼結で機械的強度が高く、大気中、高
温において潤滑性に優れた焼結体を造ることができる。Since the lubricating substance is oxidized in an oxidizing atmosphere, it is desirable to use a non-oxidizing atmosphere. In this way, it is possible to produce a sintered body that has high mechanical strength by sintering at a low temperature and has excellent lubricity in the atmosphere and at high temperatures.
【００２０】[0020]
【実施例】実施例１
窒化ホウ素粉末と結合相の銅粉末、ステンレス鋼などの
金属及び合金の粉末、さらにＮｉ，Ｂなどの粉末とをボ
ールミルを用いて混合した後、プレス成形機により３ト
ン／ｃｍ２ の圧力で圧粉体を作成した。その圧粉体を
真空中で焼結した後、引張試験と摩擦摩耗試験を行った
。[Example] Example 1 Boron nitride powder, copper powder as a binder phase, metal and alloy powder such as stainless steel, and powder of Ni, B, etc. were mixed using a ball mill, and then 3 tons were mixed using a press molding machine. A green compact was produced at a pressure of /cm2. After sintering the compact in vacuum, a tensile test and a friction and wear test were conducted.
【００２１】引張試験には３×２×３０ｍｍの試験片を
用いた。摩擦係数は円板状の試料にＳＵＳ３０４を相手
材にして、速度６０ｍ／ｍｉｎ 、面圧５０ｋｇ／ｃｍ
２ の条件で端面接触して求めたものであり、比摩耗率
は面圧１００ｋｇ／ｃｍ２ 、摩擦距離５００ｍ の条
件より求めたものである。[0021] A 3 x 2 x 30 mm test piece was used for the tensile test. The coefficient of friction was measured using a disc-shaped sample with SUS304 as the mating material, at a speed of 60 m/min, and a surface pressure of 50 kg/cm.
2, and the specific wear rate was determined under the conditions of a surface pressure of 100 kg/cm2 and a friction distance of 500 m.
【００２２】本発明の潤滑性物質として、窒化ホウ素粉
末を使用した自己潤滑性複合材料の粒度、配合量および
その組成と結合相の組成と製造条件を表１に示した。焼
結体の引張強度と摩擦係数及び比摩耗率を表２に示した
。本発明をはずれた比較例の組成と、製造条件、焼結体
の特性も表１、表２に記載した。本発明の試料番号１、
２は結合相が銅系合金、鉄系合金を用いた例である。本
発明の材料は、引張強度がともに２０ｋｇ／ｍｍ２ 以
上で、室温での摩擦係数は０．２以下であり、５００℃
での摩擦係数も０．２以下であり、強度、潤滑性ともに
優れた自己潤滑性複合材料である。本発明の範囲外であ
る比較例の試料番号３、４は、結合相中にＮｉとＢが含
まれていないために強度が低い。Table 1 shows the particle size, blending amount and composition of the self-lubricating composite material using boron nitride powder as the lubricating substance of the present invention, as well as the composition and manufacturing conditions of the binder phase. Table 2 shows the tensile strength, friction coefficient, and specific wear rate of the sintered body. The compositions, manufacturing conditions, and characteristics of the sintered bodies of comparative examples other than those of the present invention are also listed in Tables 1 and 2. Sample number 1 of the present invention,
2 is an example in which a copper-based alloy or an iron-based alloy is used as the binder phase. The material of the present invention has a tensile strength of 20 kg/mm2 or more, a friction coefficient of 0.2 or less at room temperature, and a temperature of 500°C.
The coefficient of friction is 0.2 or less, making it a self-lubricating composite material with excellent strength and lubricity. Sample numbers 3 and 4 of comparative examples, which are outside the scope of the present invention, have low strength because Ni and B are not included in the binder phase.
【００２３】実施例２
窒化ホウ素を主成分とし、ＮｉとＢを含む粒状粉末と結
合相のニッケル合金及びチタン合金粉末とをボールミル
を用いて混合した後、プレス成形機により３トン／ｃｍ
２ の圧力で圧粉体を作成した。その圧粉体を真空中で
焼結した後、引張試験と摩擦摩耗試験をおこなった。Example 2 A granular powder containing boron nitride as a main component and containing Ni and B, and nickel alloy and titanium alloy powders as binder phases were mixed using a ball mill, and then 3 tons/cm was mixed using a press molding machine.
A green compact was made at a pressure of 2. After sintering the green compact in vacuum, a tensile test and a friction and wear test were conducted.
【００２４】引張試験には３×２×３０ｍｍの試験片を
用いた。摩擦係数は円板状の試料にＳＵＳ３０４を相手
材にして、速度６０ｍ／ｍｉｎ 、面圧５０ｋｇ／ｃｍ
２ の条件で端面接触して求めたものであり、比摩耗率
は面圧１００ｋｇ／ｃｍ２ 、摩擦距離５００ｍ の条
件より求めたものである。[0024] A test piece of 3 x 2 x 30 mm was used for the tensile test. The coefficient of friction was measured using a disc-shaped sample with SUS304 as the mating material, at a speed of 60 m/min, and a surface pressure of 50 kg/cm.
2, and the specific wear rate was determined under the conditions of a surface pressure of 100 kg/cm2 and a friction distance of 500 m.
【００２５】本発明の潤滑性物質として、窒化ホウ素を
主体にした自己潤滑性複合材料の粒度、配合量およびそ
の組成と結合相の組成と製造条件を表３に示した。焼結
体の引張強度と摩擦係数及び比摩耗率を表４に示した。
本発明をはずれた比較例の組成と、製造条件、焼結体の
特性も表３、表４に記載した。本発明の試料番号１、２
は引張強度がともに３０ｋｇ／ｍｍ２ 以上で、室温で
の摩擦係数は０．２以下であり、５００℃での摩擦係数
も０．２以下であり、強度、潤滑性ともに優れた自己潤
滑性複合材料である。本発明の範囲外である比較例の試
料番号３は、結合相中にＢが含まれていないために強度
が低く、試料番号４は配合量が少なすぎるために、強度
は高いものの摩擦係数は大きく、比摩耗率も高いもので
あった。Table 3 shows the particle size, blending amount and composition of the self-lubricating composite material mainly containing boron nitride as the lubricating substance of the present invention, as well as the composition and manufacturing conditions of the binder phase. Table 4 shows the tensile strength, friction coefficient, and specific wear rate of the sintered body. The compositions, manufacturing conditions, and characteristics of the sintered bodies of comparative examples other than those of the present invention are also listed in Tables 3 and 4. Sample numbers 1 and 2 of the present invention
is a self-lubricating composite material that has a tensile strength of 30 kg/mm2 or more, a friction coefficient of 0.2 or less at room temperature, and a friction coefficient of 0.2 or less at 500°C, and has excellent strength and lubricity. It is. Comparative sample No. 3, which is outside the scope of the present invention, has low strength because it does not contain B in the binder phase, and sample No. 4 has a high strength but a low coefficient of friction because the amount of B is too small. It was large and had a high specific wear rate.
【００２６】[0026]
【表１】[Table 1]
【００２７】[0027]
【表２】[Table 2]
【００２８】[0028]
【表３】[Table 3]
【００２９】[0029]
【表４】[Table 4]
【００３０】[0030]
【発明の効果】本発明の自己潤滑性複合材料は摩擦係数
と比摩耗率が低く、かつ機械的性質に優れたもので、こ
れまで使用できなかった５００℃のような高温ならびに
苛酷な雰囲気で使用することができる画期的な材料であ
る。Effect of the invention: The self-lubricating composite material of the present invention has a low friction coefficient and specific wear rate, and has excellent mechanical properties, so it can be used at high temperatures such as 500°C and in harsh environments, which were previously impossible. It is an innovative material that can be used.
Claims (5)
が０．５〜５．０重量％のＮｉと０．０５〜１．０重量
％のＢを含む金属及び合金を主成分とする結合相とから
なる自己潤滑性複合材料であって、前記窒化ホウ素が粒
径３μｍ 以上２０００μｍ 以下の大きさであること
を特徴とする自己潤滑性複合材料。Claim 1: The main component is a metal or alloy containing 5 to 80% by volume of boron nitride, the balance being 0.5 to 5.0% by weight of Ni and 0.05 to 1.0% by weight of B. A self-lubricating composite material comprising a binder phase, wherein the boron nitride has a particle size of 3 μm or more and 2000 μm or less.
．０重量％のＮｉと０．０５〜１．０重量％のＢを含む
粒状相を５〜８０体積％、残りが金属及び合金を主成分
とする結合相とからなる自己潤滑性複合材料であって、
前記粒状相が粒径３μｍ 以上２０００μｍ 以下の大
きさであることを特徴とする自己潤滑性複合材料。[Claim 2] Boron nitride is the main component, and 0.5 to 5
．． It is a self-lubricating composite material consisting of 5-80% by volume of a granular phase containing 0% by weight of Ni and 0.05-1.0% by weight of B, and the remainder being a binder phase whose main components are metals and alloys. hand,
A self-lubricating composite material, wherein the granular phase has a particle size of 3 μm or more and 2000 μm or less.
ケル系合金、コバルト系合金及びチタン系合金の少なく
とも１種からなる請求項１または２記載の自己潤滑性複
合材料。3. The self-lubricating composite material according to claim 1, wherein the binder phase comprises at least one of a copper alloy, an iron alloy, a nickel alloy, a cobalt alloy, and a titanium alloy.
量％のＮｉと０．０５〜１．０重量％のＢを含む結合相
形成用の合金粉末とを、混合及び成形後、非酸化性雰囲
気中で７００℃以上１３００℃以下の温度で焼結するこ
とを特徴とする自己潤滑性複合材料の製造方法。4. After mixing and molding boron nitride powder and an alloy powder for forming a binder phase containing 0.5 to 5.0 weight % Ni and 0.05 to 1.0 weight % B, A method for producing a self-lubricating composite material, comprising sintering at a temperature of 700°C or higher and 1300°C or lower in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
５〜１．０重量％のＢを含む窒化ホウ素を主成分とした
粒状相粉末と、結合相形成用の合金粉末とを、混合及び
成形後、非酸化性雰囲気中で７００℃以上１３００℃以
下の温度で焼結することを特徴とする自己潤滑性複合材
料の製造方法。Claim 5: 0.5-5.0% by weight of Ni and 0.0% by weight
After mixing and molding a granular phase powder mainly composed of boron nitride containing 5 to 1.0% by weight of B and an alloy powder for forming a binder phase, the powder is heated at 700°C or higher and 1300°C or lower in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. A method for producing a self-lubricating composite material characterized by sintering at a temperature of .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8692091A JPH04320495A (en) | 1991-04-18 | 1991-04-18 | Self-lubricating composite material and its preparation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8692091A JPH04320495A (en) | 1991-04-18 | 1991-04-18 | Self-lubricating composite material and its preparation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04320495A true JPH04320495A (en) | 1992-11-11 |
Family
ID=13900295
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8692091A Withdrawn JPH04320495A (en) | 1991-04-18 | 1991-04-18 | Self-lubricating composite material and its preparation |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH04320495A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010533756A (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2010-10-28 | フェデラル−モーグル ヴィースバーデン ゲーエムベーハー | Lead-free sintered lubricating material and sintered powder for its production |
| CN109604620A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-12 | 安阳工学院 | A kind of NiTiCr-MgLiZn composite material and preparation method with self regulating and control function |
-
1991
- 1991-04-18 JP JP8692091A patent/JPH04320495A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010533756A (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2010-10-28 | フェデラル−モーグル ヴィースバーデン ゲーエムベーハー | Lead-free sintered lubricating material and sintered powder for its production |
| CN109604620A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-12 | 安阳工学院 | A kind of NiTiCr-MgLiZn composite material and preparation method with self regulating and control function |
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