JPH0395442A - Controlling system of sort discrimination of huller and the like - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable automatic determination of the sort of a sampling grain according to the form of a grain distribution by transmittivity by a method wherein the grain distribution by transmittivity in each transmittivity division is prepared and controlled by an input obtained by a sensor light being transmitted through the sampling grain. CONSTITUTION:Sampling grains A of hulled rice are made to pass one by one across a light emitted from a light-emitting element 12 of a hulling rate sensor 7 to a light- sensing element 13 thereof, in a hulling rate control apparatus 6 having a microcomputer 11. The quantity of the light passing through the grain A is inputted and an arithmetic processing of a hulling rate is executed. A light quantity control device 15 being a part of this apparatus 6 regulates the quantity of light of the element 12 by a light quantity regulation output 18, detects 21 a signal obtained from the quantity of the passing light for each grain detected by the element 13, and adjusts automatically the quantity of light of the element 12 to be within a range set beforehand. The transmittivity of the quantity of light for each grain detected by the sensor 7 is plotted as a frequency distribution and thereby a grain distribution by transmittivity in each transmittivity division is prepared and controlled. Discrimination of the sort of grains is controlled according to the form of this distribution.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] (Field of application in industry) This invention relates to a type discrimination system for rice hullers, etc., and can be used for husking rate control and sorting control of rice hullers, grain dryers, etc. , to determine and control the type of rice, such as non-glutinous rice or non-glutinous rice.

(Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention) By having a light emitting element and a light receiving element and transmitting sensor light to the sampling grain, it is determined whether the sample is brown rice or paddy based on the transmission state of the sensor light. In the discrimination control mode, it is difficult to maintain accurate discrimination control depending on the type and type of grains, so the amount of light emitted by the light emitting element is adjusted and controlled according to each of these objects or conditions. It is necessary to make appropriate judgments.

For this reason, the present invention determines the type of grain, etc. of the grain based on the form of the transmittance of the sensor light when the sensor light passes through and detects the sampled grain, and the control processing of the work corresponding to this variety is performed. It is intended to make the person do the following.

(Means for Solving the Problems) This invention transmits sensor light through sampling grains, creates and controls a transmittance grain number distribution for each transmittance class based on this input, and controls the generation of transmittance grain number distribution for each transmittance class. We have devised a technical means for controlling the variety discrimination of rice hullers, etc., which is characterized by controlling the variety discrimination of rice hullers.

(Function) A predetermined amount of sampling grains are transmitted and detected by a constant amount of sensor light oscillated from the light emitting element to the light receiving element, and a transmittance grain number distribution for each transmittance category is created and controlled by the received light output based on the amount of transmitted light. Ru.

The type of sampled grains is automatically determined based on the form of the transmittance grain number distribution.

(Effects of the Invention) Since the present invention takes the above-mentioned technical means, a transmittance particle number distribution is created by detecting a predetermined amount of sampled particles using a constant amount of sensor light emitted from a light emitting element. However, by controlling the discrimination and control of the type of sampled grains based on the form of the transmittance grain number distribution, it is possible to accurately determine the type of grain. Moreover, such a discrimination method can be used, for example, to control the shedding rate while distinguishing between brown rice and paddy, to control the shedding rate, to control the sorting control, etc. It is easy to use together with sensors, etc., and control can be simplified.

Embodiments Hereinafter, embodiments in which the present invention is applied to a rate sensor will be described based on the drawings. In Fig. 2, the hulling machine has a hulling device 1, which is made up of a pair of hulling rolls having a difference in rotational circumferential speed, on the top of the machine, a paddy supply funnel 2 that supplies paddy to the hulling device 1, and a hulling device 1, and a hulling device 1 that supplies paddy to the hulling device 1. It has a sorting device 3 consisting of a rotating sorting tube that sorts the polished rice that has been husked by the shedding device 1 into brown rice and paddy. A wind selection device 4 for wind selection, a wind selection device 5 for wind selection of brown rice by the sorting device 3, and the like are provided.

Also, on one side of the machine, there is a shedding rate control device 6 that controls the hulling.
At the same time, a shedding rate sensor 7 is provided which detects the shedding rate from the sampled grains while letting some of the sampled grains flow down. 8 is a rice grain frying machine.
It is configured to receive the crushed rice that has been husked by the husking device 1, the returned mixed rice that has been sorted by the sorting device 4, and to send the grain to the sorting device 4 for frying. Reference numeral 9 denotes a brown rice frying machine, which is configured to receive and take out the brown rice that has been wind-selected by the wind-selecting device 5. 1O is a dust extractor that sucks and discharges rice husks, dust, etc. that have been air-sorted by the wind-selecting devices 4 and 5.

In FIG. 1, in a shedding rate control device 6 having a microcomputer 11, sampling grains A of polished rice are added to the light emitted from the light emitting element 12 constituting the shedding rate sensor 7 to the light receiving element l3. By passing each grain across the grain, the amount of transmitted light emitted when the sampling grain A is irradiated is inputted, and the shedding rate is calculated.

The light amount control device 15 is provided as a part of the shedding rate control device 6, and has one output circuit for a light amount adjustment output 18 that adjusts and controls the light amount of the light emitting element 12. An input circuit 20 for inputting the amount of transmitted light for each grain and a grain signal detection circuit 21 for detecting a signal for each grain are provided, and the light amount from the light emitting element 12 is automatically adjusted so that it falls within a preset light amount adjustment setting range. This is the configuration that will be used.

3 to 6, the control process for calculating the skipping rate will be explained. FIG. 3 shows a transmittance grain number distribution (hereinafter referred to as a transmittance curve) in which the transmittance of the amount of light per grain of a predetermined number of sampled grains A detected by the shedding rate sensor 7 is graphically expressed as a frequency distribution. This shows the general form of

The process of calculating the shedding rate in the shedding rate control device 6 is as follows (1)
This kind of graphic processing control of the transmittance curve is performed.

(2) From this transmittance curve, calculate and control the brown rice average block value and the paddy average block value ■.

(3) Calculate and control the boundary block value ■ (threshold), which is the boundary position between brown rice and paddy in the transmittance curve.

(4) With this boundary block value as the boundary, the shedding rate is calculated and controlled based on the number of sampled grains on the brown rice side and the number of sampled grains on the paddy side.

This is done by controlling each process. This will be explained in more detail.

In FIG. 3, the maximum transmittance is designated as one block, and the block with the minimum transmittance is designated as N. For example, the number of grains A sampled at one time is 2,000 grains, the time for detection by the shedding rate sensor 7 is 20 seconds, the number of blocks N is 64 blocks, and each block is divided into 6 bits. . In addition, the output voltage corresponding to each average amount of transmitted light among the total number of blocks N is defined as a single signal voltage ■, and is set from 0 to 12.
■It is set to be output as (volts).

The brown rice average block value is the average value of brown rice, and the calculation of this brown rice average block value ■ is based on the number of grains when the number of brown rice grains is at the peak value of mountain line B in Figure 3. A value obtained by dividing the sum of light amounts of blocks whose number of grains is within a certain value M (for example, 25 grains) by the sum of the number of grains. That is, the average amount of transmitted light per grain at the peak line B portion is determined. In this case, if there are no blocks with a peak grain count of 25 or more, for example 10 or more, the calculation is performed in the same manner as above using the top 10 blocks.

The paddy average block value ■ is the average value of paddy, and the calculation of this paddy block value ■ is based on the total number of sampled grains (2,000
A block obtained by cutting, for example, 5 grains from the paddy side of the paddy grains is set as the maximum block, and the sum of the light amount integration of n blocks (for example, O block) from this paddy side is divided by the sum of the number of grains. That is, the average amount of transmitted light per grain at the peak line C portion is determined.

In this way, when the paddy average block value (■) of the brown rice average block value (■) is determined, the boundary block value (threshold) ■ is calculated using the following formula based on (■) of each of these block values.

■=(■1■)K of XK+: Constant This constant K is defined as follows based on the number of grains in the top n blocks (for example, 10 blocks) for which the paddy block value was calculated.

Less than 100 grains...K = 0.55100-14
9 grains...K = 0.47150 grains or more...K
= 0.40 In general, depending on the height of the shedding rate, the shape of the transmittance curve is created as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6. In FIG. 4, when the shedding rate is high (for example, 90% or more), the mountain line C is not formed on the side of the paddy, but a simple slope line is formed. In this form, K=0.55.

Also, Figure 5 shows when the shedding rate is normal (for example, 80 to 90).
%), and in this form where a low mountain line C is formed on the rice side, K
=0.47.

Also, Figure 6 shows when the shedding rate is low (e.g. 80% or less)
Therefore, a high mountain line C is marked on the paddy side. In this form, K=
It is set to 0.4.

As mentioned above, the value of K is changed according to the number of grains in n blocks on the rice side, and the boundary block value ■ is changed. When the number of grains is small, the number of paddy grains is small and the dehulling rate is high and the boundary block is used.
When the number of grains is large (Fig. 4), or conversely, when the number of grains is large, the boundary block value (■) is set to a small value (Fig. 6).

When calculating the shedding rate based on the distribution of the sampled grains A, the distribution that is sealed in the transmittance of the emitted light from the shedding rate sensor 7 is not a completely separated distribution form for brown rice and paddy, but a distribution pattern in which both are compatible. The distribution has overlapping parts, and the accuracy of the calculation dropout rate is determined by the boundary block value (threshold value for determining brown rice and paddy). By taking advantage of the fact that the number of grains in the upper block on the paddy side changes depending on the grain shedding rate, and adjusting the position of the boundary block according to the number of grains, the accuracy of the calculated shedding rate relative to the fruit shedding rate can be improved. I can do it.

In this way, once the boundary block value ■ is determined, for example,
As shown in the following equation, the ratio of the total number of grains on the brown rice side (brown rice grains) to the total number of grains sampled (2,000 grains) is determined from the boundary block value ■ and is calculated as the shedding rate.

Shedding rate = {(total number of grains in blocks with sampled total number of 1 or more)/total number of sampled grains} XIOO (%
] Once the shedding rate is calculated, various controls, such as shedding rate control, are performed. The gap between the shedding rolls of the shedding device 1 is controlled by the servo motor 1 so that the calculated shedding rate becomes the set shedding rate.
4 etc. to control opening and closing output.

Light amount adjustment control will be explained with reference to FIG. The de-5 rate curve is moved in the horizontal direction by changing the light amount of the light emitting element 12 of the rate-of-5 rate sensor 7. A light intensity adjustment setting range L suitable for distinguishing between brown rice and paddy is determined in advance, and when the peak value ■ of the brown rice average block value of the hulling rate curve falls within this light intensity adjustment setting range L, the hulling rate sensor 7 The control structure is configured to complete the light amount adjustment control.

The sensor light amount of the shedding rate sensor 7 is adjusted to an appropriate light amount based on the signal of the sampling grains A of the polished rice that actually pass through.

The signal of sampling grain A is divided into N divisions as signal voltages (0 to 12■), the frequency of each block in each division is calculated and expressed as a frequency distribution, and the voltage of the maximum frequency (peak value ■) is calculated as the average signal voltage of brown rice. regarded as. A light amount adjustment output 18 is controlled by a light amount control device 15 coexisting with the pulp removal rate control device 6 so that the brown rice voltage falls within an appropriate range I1.

As for the outline of this adjustment control, the transmittance curve (of its peak value) by the shedding rate sensor 7 moves to the low voltage side when the sensor light intensity is increased and brightened by the light intensity adjustment output 18 (FF → 00). , decrease the sensor light intensity to make it darker (
00-'FF) and move to the high voltage side.

Regarding how to change the light amount, please refer to Figures 7, 8, and 9.The initial setting is that the light amount data is cleared, so
The light intensity ladder starts at the darkest side 12■ (FF),
After that, the light intensity is changed as shown below based on the distribution state.

In the transmittance particle number distribution, the block value indicating the maximum frequency is defined as Bmax. Set the appropriate light amount adjustment range to L (BO~BIL)
With the center of (B o - B l) as Bc, the difference between the peak value B max of the block with the maximum power and the center value Bc of the appropriate light amount adjustment range ΔB = B max - Be is calculated as the amount of adjustment (bit) for one change. is set as shown in Figure 9.

In such a transmittance grain number distribution, as shown in FIG. 10, the position of the brown rice average block value ■ on the transmittance curve differs depending on non-glutinous rice and sticky rice. When the voltage and light amount in the light emitting element 12 by the light amount adjustment output l8 are held constant, the distribution of grain voltage is on the high side for glutinous rice because the transmittance is low, whereas for non-glutinous rice, the transmittance is low. Because of the high grain voltage distribution, it is on the low side. Therefore, this control is performed as shown in Figure 11, and when the brown rice peak value ■ of the transmittance curve, which is voltage frequency data, is on the higher side than the fixed level position of the grain voltage, it is determined as glutinous rice. do,
Outputs a discrimination signal and also outputs an ff lower than a certain level position.
When the rice is at ll+, it is judged as non-glutinous rice and a discrimination signal is output.

For example, when performing the above-mentioned light amount adjustment control using such an output signal, the light amount adjustment setting range L is set in advance for glutinous rice and non-glutinous rice, and the control is performed according to the above determination. Automatic switching control is performed to each light intensity adjustment setting range L for glutinous rice or non-glutinous rice.

Further, the type determination may be performed using the following control. Since the amount of light transmitted through brown rice is different between glutinous rice and non-glutinous rice, the amount of light emitted by the light emitting element 12 must be different in order to achieve the same level of light reception output. As a result, in FIGS. 12 to 14, in the light amount adjustment control,
For glutinous rice (FIG. 12), the number of light intensity adjustments is greater than for non-glutinous rice (FIG. 13). That is, Fig. 12,
In both Figure 13, the light intensity of the light emitting element 12 is adjusted from the darkest position (FF) to the brightest position (00), and the number of adjustments is made until the brown rice peak value falls within the appropriate light intensity adjustment setting range L. It is determined that glutinous rice is glutinous rice if it is glutinous rice that has been eaten 5 times (Fig. 12l2), whereas non-glutinous rice has been eaten 3 times (Fig. 13).

In addition, in the variety determination using such a shedding rate sensor,
It is also possible to correct the number of product type determinations by changing the light intensity while the sampled grains are not flowing to the 51 sensor and depending on how many times the light intensity is changed until the sensor's light reception output level reaches a constant value. .

That is, since the amount of light transmitted through brown rice is different between glutinous rice and nonglutinous rice, the amount of emitted light must be different in order to achieve the same level of light reception output. When determining the product type using this, since there are variations in the light emitting elements and light receiving elements of the sensor, this variation is taken into account to accurately determine the product type.

As shown in Fig. 15, when the light emission amount of the sensor is changed and the peak value of brown rice falls within the fixed light amount adjustment setting range L, the adjustment is deemed to have been completed. Although the process ended after the number of changes Q), the amount of light emitted from sticky rice (dotted line) is still not within the range L. Therefore, it is necessary to further increase the amount of light emitted. In this way, the variety is determined based on the amount of light emitted when the peak value of brown rice falls within a certain sight adjustment setting range (number of changes). However, as shown in Figure 16, variations in sensor self-rest Therefore, the output of the light emitting element 12 does not become constant at the same voltage (VO). Therefore, the light emission iz determined as above
<Number of changes Q) is corrected as shown in FIG.

If non-glutinous rice is set to the luminescence amount Z (number of changes Q), and glutinous rice is set to a fixed value of the luminescence amount Z+α (number of changes Q+2), an error will occur. Therefore, the performance (variation) of the sensor itself is measured in advance and corrected to reduce the error.
Improve accuracy of variety determination.

As shown in Figure 16, with sensor (2) as the reference, sensor (1) (which has the same drive voltage as sensor (2) but has a smaller sensor output) is considered to emit more light and receive more light. Therefore, the determination criterion is corrected by setting a smaller number of light emissions M (less number of changes) than in the case of sensor (2). The opposite is true for sensor (3).

Sensor performance measurements are performed before sampling grains are fed (
This can be done when the power is turned on, when initially adjusting the roll gap, or when measuring the no-load current.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The figures show an embodiment of the present invention, in which Fig. 1 is a control block diagram, Fig. 2 is a slope view of the huller, Fig. 3 is a graph showing the transmittance curve detected by the hulling rate sensor, and Fig. 4 is a graph showing the transmittance curve detected by the hulling rate sensor. Figures 6 to 6 are graphs showing the waveform form of the graph and an example of the arithmetic processing control form, Figure 7 is a graph showing the light amount adjustment effect, and Figures 8 and 9 are diagrams and tables for creating transmittance curves. , FIG. 10 is an example of a transmittance curve, FIG. 11 is a flowchart of discrimination control, FIGS. 12 and 13 are examples of light amount adjustment of the transmittance curve, FIG. 14 is a flowchart of the light amount adjustment control, and FIG. 15 is an example of a transmittance curve, FIG. 16 is a graph showing the characteristics of the shedding rate sensor, FIG. 17 is a correction table showing the correction value of the shedding rate sensor, and FIG. 18 is a flowchart of discrimination control. . Explanation of symbols 6 Shedding rate control device 7 Shedding rate sensor 11 Microcomputer 1 5 1 6 12 Light emitting element 15 Light amount control device Light receiving element Light amount adjustment output Applicant's name Machine Co., Ltd. Sakae Hisashi Mizuta 13 1 8 Patent Izeki Agricultural Representative Figure 5 Akatsuki Fengjuka' 4j Tanodoki (Ku J 30 ~? Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 70 // Figure provisional Type discrimination control system for sliding machines, etc. 3. Relationship with the case of the person making the amendment Patent applicant Postal code: 799-26 Address: 700, Mamoto-cho, Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture Telephone: Patent Department (0899) 57-33114. Subject of amendment (1) “Detailed Description of the Invention” column of the specification (2) Drawings (
Construction drawing) 5. Contents of the amendment (1) Correction to -1 "64 blocks" on page 6, line 17 to line 8 of page 6 of the specification. (2) Correct the drawing (first construction drawing). 6. List of attached documents (1) Drawings (Figure 1) Attached drawings (Figure 1) -2

Claims (1)

[Claims] A rice huller characterized in that sensor light is transmitted through sampled grains, a transmittance grain number distribution for each transmittance category is created and controlled based on this input, and grain type discrimination is controlled based on the form of this transmittance grain number distribution. Control method for determining the type of machine, etc.