JPH03179069A - Adhesive for grafting - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the workability and increase the rooting percentage in grafting by using an adhesive mainly comprising 2-cyanoethyl acrylate. CONSTITUTION:2-Cyanoethyl acrylate, 1-10wt.% thickener (e.g. polymethyl methacrylate), and, if necessary, a thixotropic agent (e.g. fumed silica having a primary particle diameter of 1-100mum) are compounded to give an adhesive for grafting having a thixotropy index of 2.0 or higher and a viscosity (with a Brookfield rotational viscometer, at 25 deg.C and 6rpm) of 100cP or higher. Then, a rootstock 2 and a scion 1 are each cut almost at right angles with each trunk; the adhesive 4 is applied around the part where the sections 3 are kept in contact with each other; the adhesive 4 is kept standing for several to ten-odd seconds to cure; and thus the scion 1 is joined and fixed to the rootstock 2.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] (a) Purpose of the invention "Field of industrial application" Currently, in the cultivation of vegetables, flowers, fruit trees, etc., it is important to avoid soil-borne diseases, improve quality, increase yields, and maintain varieties. Aim: Grafted cultivation has become widespread, and the present invention relates to an adhesive for grafting plants that can be used for grafted cultivation.In particular, the present invention relates to an adhesive for grafting plants that requires fewer work steps, improves the rooting rate, and is therefore highly productive. This article relates to a grafting adhesive used in a grafting method and a grafting method using the adhesive, and is used not only by general farmers but also by seedling growers and is widely used in the agricultural field.

``Conventional technology'' Various methods have been known for grafting plants, but in all of them, the joint between the scion and the stem is slightly different between vegetables and trees. , it is necessary to cut into special and complicated shapes.

In other words, in the case of vegetables, depending on the method of joining the stems, the following three types of
Grafting methods can be classified by species.

The first is the ``cutting method'' (Figure 4A), in which a hole is made in the cross section or side of the script, and a scion with a thinly processed tip is inserted into the hole.

The second method is to make a cut in the entire or partial cross section of the script, and insert a scion with a sharp tip into the cut.
This is the “split-split method” (Figure 4B).

The third method is the ``call grafting method'' (Figure 4C), in which the hypocotyls of the script stem are cut downward and the hypocotyls of the scion stem are cut upward, and the hypocotyls are joined together.

As is clear from the above and Figure 4, in both methods it is necessary to cut into a special and complicated shape, and in the second and third methods, which are highly popular, the joint between the script and the scion is specially designed. It is necessary to use clips or bands to stabilize and promote healing. This clip shape includes, for example,
There are proposals such as 09.54-137532.

On the other hand, for trees such as fruit trees, there are conventional grafting methods called bud grafting, cutting grafting, yose grafting, etc. In both grafting methods, a cut is made in the cross section or side of the script,
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-107727 describes a conventional cutting method and its improvement method, which is a method of inserting a scion with a processed tip. In any case, as with the grafting method described above, it is necessary to cut into a special and complicated shape, and after inserting the scion, the cut end must be "spliced".
The time-consuming method is to protect it with a cloth and then wrap it tightly with tape or a band to secure it in place.

In addition, as a special method, JP-A-59-175401
proposed a method using an adhesive containing an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound as a main component, mixed with unvulcanized rubber, a Ph1al conditioner, a soil conditioner, and an oil agent. However, this method involves applying the adhesive to the cut surfaces of the scion and script, and it is difficult to completely prevent moisture conduction, and there is a lot of moisture movement from the plant tissue at the cut surface. Therefore, there is a problem that it is virtually impossible to obtain a sufficient adhesion force to bond the scion and the script.

Furthermore, conventional grafting methods are classified into several types as mentioned above depending on the method of joining the script and scion, but which method to use depends on the type of plant, the time of grafting, etc. In general, the ``cutting grafting method'' is popular, and tomatoes have a high temperature and low temperature period due to factors such as the grafting time.
In other periods, the ``wari-gi method'' was used. On the other hand, eggplant uses the "split method", and cucumber uses the "split method".
There are many cases where there is a ``calling method''. In addition, no matter which method is used, the cutting shape is delicate and complex, requiring a considerable amount of knowledge and experience, and the cutting shape and the quality of the joint affect the attachment rate, so it is a work that requires skill. Furthermore, the grafting work period is intensive, and it is difficult to gather skilled workers with considerable knowledge and experience in a concentrated manner, and it is not possible to guarantee a 100% survival rate.

Furthermore, in the conventional method, it is necessary to hold the joint with a special "grafting clip" or "grafting band" until the script and scion adhere, but this has the disadvantage that the joint may be damaged due to pressure, or the joint may become damaged. Since it is in an open state, there is a risk of rot and disease invasion due to liquid exuding from the plant. Furthermore, the survival rate changes significantly due to the influence of moisture in the air, so it is necessary to precisely control the environment such as temperature, humidity, and light during grafting and drainage.

In addition, at the stage when adhesion is completed, "grafting clips" used for grafting are used to avoid inhibiting growth using conventional methods.
It is necessary to remove the "grafted band," and the outer shape of the grafted part becomes knot-like, which causes problems such as water droplets accumulating, allowing pathogens to enter, and adventitious buds to occur.

In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors first proposed a grafting adhesive characterized by containing 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component and a grafting method using the adhesive (Patent Application No. 63 -100139).

"Problems to be Solved by the Invention" The above proposal requires considerable knowledge and experience, as well as problems with conventional grafting methods, such as the delicate and complicated cut shapes, and which grafting method to use. The problem is that skill is required, the rooting rate is not 100% and there is loss, and there is also the problem of "grafting clips"
This is an excellent product that solves the above-mentioned problems that arise from the need to use a "grafting band" or a "grafting band," but depending on the type of adhesive, the adhesive may drip from the applied area and cause water to leak. New problems have been discovered in which parts cannot be fixed sufficiently, technical skill is required, and adhesive flows into the overlapped cut sections, reducing the adhesion rate. The object of the present invention is to solve the newly discovered problems, improve the workability of grafting, and provide a superior adhesive with fewer failures in grafting.

(B) Structure of the Invention "Means for Solving the Problems" As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that they have developed an adhesive with a thickened viscosity and a thixotropic method for the adhesive. The present invention was completed based on the discovery that by imparting tropic properties, all of the above-mentioned problems could be solved and the desired problems could be solved.

That is, the present invention provides a grafting adhesive characterized by containing 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component and having a viscosity of 100 cp or more, and a grafting adhesive containing 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component, having thixotropic properties, and having a viscosity of 100 cp or more. This invention relates to a grafting adhesive characterized by:

02-Cyanoacrylate The 2-cyanoacrylate used in the present invention is
It is a compound represented by the chemical formula CH,=C(CN)COOR, in which R includes alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxyalkyl groups, etc. Specifically, methyl, ethyl, Examples include n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, n-pentyl, cyclohexyl, allyl, benzyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, and the like. These 2-cyanoacrylates are the main components of room temperature curing adhesives commercially available as so-called instant adhesives, and in the present invention,
These commercially available instant adhesives can be used as they are as the 2-cyanoacrylate.

O Thickener The adhesive used in the present invention includes polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polyalkyl-2-cyanoacrylate, acrylic rubber, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl ether, which are known as thickeners for 2-cyanoacrylate. Those whose viscosity has been increased to 100 cp or more with a thickener such as cellulose ester, preferred for the present invention are those with a viscosity of 300 cp or more, and more preferred are those with a viscosity of 500 to 250,000 cp.
p, particularly preferred is 1,000 to 50°0
The viscosity was adjusted to 00 cp.

The desired viscosity varies depending on the type of thickener and its molecular weight, but can be obtained by adding 1 to 10% by weight of the thickener.

The viscosity in the present invention was measured using a B-type rotational viscometer at a sample temperature of 25
Measurements were taken at a rotation speed of 6 rpm per °C. The rotor number was selected appropriately depending on the viscosity.

For example, a viscosity of 200 cp was measured with rotor number 1.

○Thixotropic property imparting agent The adhesive thickened with the above-mentioned thickener will cause the adhesive to drip,
The inflow of adhesive into the contact area between the script and the scion is considerably suppressed, but adhesive simply thickened with a thickener does not inherently have thixotropic properties and has fluidity. It is difficult to completely prevent dripping, etc., and by increasing the amount of thickener, it is possible to make the adhesive viscous enough to prevent it from flowing. Due to its high adhesive properties and high viscosity, it is difficult to spread it well on the outer periphery of the graft and may reduce workability, and it is necessary to impart thixotropic properties to the adhesive thickened with a thickener. By doing so, all of that fear can be completely dissipated.

The thixotropic property-imparting agents used in the present invention include known ones, namely aromatic aldehyde condensates of polyhydric hydroxy compounds, condensates of polyhydric hydroxy compounds and boric acid, polyalkylene glycol ethers, polyalkylene glycol esters. The thixotropic property-imparting agent preferred in the present invention is hydrophobic silica.

Hydrophobic silica is a compound that can form a hydrophobic group by reacting in some way with the hydroxyl group present on the surface of hydrophilic silica, or a compound that is adsorbed to the surface of hydrophilic silica and forms a hydrophobic layer on the surface. It is obtained by bringing the compound to be obtained (hereinafter referred to as a surface treatment agent) into contact with hydrophilic silica in the presence or absence of a solvent, and preferably by heating to change the surface of the hydrophilic silica to hydrophobicity. .

Examples of the hydrophilic silica used as a raw material include fumed silica and wet silica;
Preferably, the thickness is 5 to 50 μm, and more preferably 5 to 50 μm. Such fine particle silica can be obtained, for example, by hydrolyzing silicon tetrachloride in an oxyhydrogen flame.
There is highly dispersed amorphous silica. Also, when hydrolyzed in an oxyhydrogen flame, titanium chloride, aluminum chloride,
Alumina-containing silica, titanium oxide-containing silica, and iron oxide-containing silica in which a chloride such as iron chloride is present can also be used in the present invention.

Examples of surface treatment agents that change the surface state of hydrophilic silica to make it hydrophobic silica include alkyl, aryl, and aralkyl silane coupling agents having hydrophobic groups such as n-octyltrialkoxysilane, dimethyldichlorosilane,
Examples include silylating agents such as hexamethylene disilazane, silicone oils such as polydimethylsiloxane, higher alcohols such as stearyl alcohol, and higher fatty acids such as stearic acid.

In the present invention, the hydrophobic silica is hydrophobic silica obtained from hydrophilic silica surface-treated with a so-called dimethylsilylating agent or trimethylsilylating agent, which can add a dimethylsilyl group or a trimethylsilyl group to the surface of the hydrophilic silica. It is particularly preferable to use

Specific examples of the dimethylsilylating agent and trimethylsilylating agent include dimethyldichlorosilane and hexamethyldisilazane mentioned above, as well as dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyljethoxysilane, dimethyldiacetoxysilane, dimethylditrifluoroacetoxysilane, and hexamethylcyclosilane. Trisilazane, trimethylchlorosilane, trimethylbromosilane, N, O-bis(trimethylsilyl)
Carbamate, N,N-diethylaminotrimethylsilane, N,N-dimethylacuditrimethylsilane, hexamethyldisiloxane, N-trimethylsilyluidazole, bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide, bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide, bis(trimethylsilyl) Urea, 2-trimethylsiloxy-2
-Penten-4-one, trimethylsilylacedo [do, trimethylsilyl-N, N''-diphenylurea, 3
-trimethylsilyl-2-oxasolidinone, bis(trimethylsiloxy)dimethylsilane, and the like.

The hydrophobic silica used in the present invention can be produced by the method described above, but it can be replaced with hydrophobic silica that is already commercially available. Commercially available hydrophobic silica includes AERO3IL R805 (manufactured by Degussa) surface-treated with n-octyltrimethoxysilane;
AERO3I L surface treated with silicone oil
R202 (manufactured by Degussa), AERO3IL R972, R97 surface treated with dimethylsilylating agent
4. R976 (all manufactured by Degussa), AERO3IL R8 surface treated with trimethylsilylating agent
11, R812 (both manufactured by Degussa), etc., each having a value of 150±20.
80±20.100±20,170±20,250±2
0S Specific surface area of 150 ± 20, 200 ± 20 bo/g,
It is a hydrophobic fumed silica having a degree of hydrophobicity of 50.65.40.35.30.60.60. In addition, as other hydrophobic silica, Cab-0-3il N7O-
TS (manufactured by CABOT) is available, 100±20rd/
It has a specific surface area of g and is reported as having been treated with an organosilicon compound.

Note that these hydrophobic silicas have some thickening effect, so when thickening the adhesive, it is necessary to adjust the amount of thickener used to some extent.

In the present invention, these thixotropic properties imparting agents can also be used in combination with thixotropic properties imparting aids such as polyalkylene glycols.

The thixotropic property-imparting agent imparts thixotropic property to the adhesive of the present invention and makes the graft-like adhesive which is the object of the present invention have excellent performance.The thixotropic property to be imparted is as follows. The thixotropic coefficient (hereinafter referred to as T, 1. coefficient) represented by the following formula is preferably 2.0 or more, more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 10.0, particularly preferably 3.0 to 6. It is in the range of .0.

T, 1. =η, /η6゜ However, η6 is the viscosity measured with a B-type rotational viscometer at a sample temperature of 25°C and a rotation speed of 5 rpm (the rotor number is selected appropriately depending on the viscosity). η6゜ is a B-type rotational viscometer. The sample temperature was 25°C and the rotation speed was 6.
Viscosity measured at 0 rpm (the rotor number is selected appropriately depending on the viscosity) ○Other additives The grafting adhesive containing 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component of the present invention includes commercially available instant adhesives and Similarly, other additives such as stabilizers, curing accelerators, plasticizers, dyes, etc. may be added as necessary. As the adhesive of the present invention, it is also possible to use a commercially available instant adhesive containing 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component, as long as it has the above-mentioned viscosity, especially one that has been given thixotropic properties. However, for the purpose of the present invention, in order to simplify the management of the coating work and improve the work speed, it is preferable to use materials to which coloring agents such as dyes and pigments are added, as well as fluorescent agents, various azine compounds, and polyalkylenes. Preferably, a known curing accelerator such as a glycol derivative is added. The curing accelerator may be used by being added to the adhesive as a component of the adhesive, but it is also possible to use the adhesive and curing accelerator separately as a two-component type, and the stability of the adhesive may be This is a preferable method from this point of view.

O Grafting Method The grafting method using the adhesive of the present invention will be explained based on the attached drawings. 1 and 2 are diagrams conceptually showing a method of grafting vegetables of the Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae families using the adhesive based on the present invention. FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a joint between a scion and a script employed in the grafting method using an adhesive according to the present invention. FIG. 4 shows the state of cutting in the conventional grafting method. As shown in Fig. 3, in the method of the present invention, both the script and the scion can be cut at almost right angles to the stem and joined and bonded.
There is no need to form a complicated cut surface as in the conventional method shown in , and an extremely simple cut shape is sufficient. Of course, even in situations where scion and script are cut and joined according to conventional methods, the adhesive according to the present invention can be used to fix them without using conventional "grafting clips" or "grafting bands". You can also do it.

The rootstock and scion are not cut at any particular site in plants other than Cucurbitaceae, but in the case of Cucurbitaceae, it is desirable to cut the rootstock at the cotyledon joint site.

After bringing the cut surfaces of the cut rootstock and scion into contact, an adhesive containing 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component is applied to the outer periphery of the contact area of the cut surfaces, and this is held for several seconds to more than ten seconds. By curing the adhesive, the scion and the script are bonded and fixed. It is a preferred method to use a curing accelerator in combination with an adhesive because bonding and fixation can be achieved more quickly. 2-
Curing accelerators are also commercially available for use with instant adhesives whose main ingredient is cyanoacrylate, and they can be used as they are, by applying a liquid curing accelerator to the outer periphery of the cut surfaces of the scion and script. After coating and touching the cut surface,
A method of applying an adhesive or a method of applying a curing accelerator from the surface of the adhesive after applying the adhesive to the outer periphery of the contact portion of the cut surface is adopted. Methods for applying the curing accelerator include immersing the scion and the base in the curing accelerator liquid, dropping the curing accelerator from the opening of the curing accelerator container or tip nozzle, or spraying it with a sprayer. will be adopted.

The amount of adhesive applied varies depending on the circumference of the unjoined area.
Although not particularly limited, it is preferable to apply the coating continuously around the joint area and cure it, and it is preferable to apply the coating so as to completely cover the outer peripheral surface of the contact area, thereby ensuring reliable adhesion. becomes possible.

For any type of plant, it is desirable to join the script and scion with the same diameter, with the cut surfaces being approximately the same, but even if the diameters of the cut surfaces are slightly different, according to the present invention, it is possible to connect them eccentrically. After that, by applying the adhesive of the present invention to the non-contact portion of the cut surface, it is possible to prevent moisture evaporation and invasion of pathogens from the non-contact portion, and improve the survival rate.

If the grafted seedlings are managed for 10 to 20 days, the script and scion will adhere to each other. The adhesive will naturally peel off and fall off as the grafted seedling grows, so there is no need to remove the adhesive.

"Function" Because the adhesive of the present invention has an appropriate viscosity, it is particularly effective when grafting, especially when it has been given thixotropic properties.
It is easy to spread the adhesive, and there is no dripping of the adhesive, no flow of the adhesive into the contact area, no stringing from the nozzle after applying the adhesive, and the workability of the grafting adhesive proposed earlier is stabilized. It exhibits excellent performance as an adhesive for grafting without requiring any skill and without causing poor rooting.

"Examples" Example 1 A few days after sowing seeds for script (eggplant: Acanthus, disease resistant VF, meat, tomato: LS-89 disease resistant new crop No. 1), eggplants for scion and tomatoes were sown. When the rootstock has 5 to 6 leaves, the upper part of the second or third leaf of the rootstock is approximately 1 c1.
The stem was cut in step 1. Eggplants and tomatoes that will become scions are 1st and 2nd.
Cut in the middle of the leaf. Bring the script and the cut surface of the scion into contact,
Adhesive A is prepared by blending the compounds shown in Table 1 with a low-viscosity commercially available adhesive (Nearon Alpha #201 manufactured by Toagosei Kagaku Kogyo ■) containing 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component to which a red dye has been added. When applied to the outer periphery slightly above the contact area, the adhesive stopped slightly dripping and formed a shape that just covered the outer periphery of the contact area.

Curing accelerator on the surface of the adhesive (manufactured by Toagosei Chemical Industry ■:
When a few drops of aa setter) were applied, it instantly hardened and became firmly bonded. The time required for the work was 4 seconds for processing the script and scion, 2 seconds for applying adhesive, and 2 drops of curing accelerator.
The total time was 8 seconds. In the same manner, 20 eggplants and 20 tomatoes each were grafted, and the rooting status was observed two weeks later. As a result, the rooting rate of eggplants was 100%, and the rooting rate of tomatoes was 95%. In addition, although the plants had taken root, their subsequent growth was good.

-1- (Hereinafter referred to as margin) -11 Examples 2 to 9 When the same test as in Example 1 was conducted using adhesive B-1 in Table 1, the results shown in Table 2 were obtained.

When using adhesives with less thixotropic properties or adhesives E-F or I with a slightly lower viscosity, the workability is somewhat poor due to the adhesive pulling threads and the need to spread the adhesive, resulting in poor adhesion. It takes time to apply the agent, and the work time is 1
It was longer, from 5 to 21 seconds.

111 (hereinafter referred to as margins) - 1 Comparative Examples 1 to 2 Adhesion by adding red dye to a low-viscosity commercially available adhesive (Nearon Alpha #201 manufactured by Toagosei Kagaku Kogyo ■) and a slightly thickened version of the adhesive. When we conducted the same test as in Example 1, the adhesive dripped down immediately after application, and it was difficult or impossible to fix the scion onto the rootstock even after dropping the hardening accelerator. there were. In addition, the survival rate after two weeks was poor for both eggplant and tomato. When the contact area of the adhesive that did not stick was observed, it was found that the adhesive had entered the contact interface and hardened.

Example 10 A similar test was conducted using the commercially available adhesive in Example 1 in place of the jelly-like instant adhesive Aron Alpha GEL-10 manufactured by Toagosei Kagaku Kogyo ■. 4 seconds, adhesive application time 6υ1.11 l, and accelerator dropping time 2 seconds, totaling 12 seconds, 2 W 1.
Regarding the rooting status of l, 'electron, the rooting rate of eggplant was 100%, and the rooting rate of tomato was 80%.

The viscosity of the adhesive is 170.0OOcp (Tokyo Keiki ■
Model B8H rotational viscometer manufactured by Co., Ltd./Sample temperature: 25°C/Rotor number 1 near/Rotation speed: 5 rpm), T, 1. The coefficient is 8.1
Met.

(c) Effects of the Invention The grafting method using the highly viscous 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive according to the present invention exhibits the following excellent effects compared to conventional grafting methods.

1. In the case of a low-viscosity adhesive, the adhesive drips immediately after application and it is difficult to fix the scion on the script, whereas it is easy to fix and there is no fixation failure.

2. In the case of a low-viscosity adhesive, the adhesive enters the contact interface between the scion and the script, blocking the forming layer that should be connected and hindering rooting, but there are fewer failures in rooting and the rooting rate is high.

3. High viscosity adhesives without thixotropic properties have a tendency to adhere to unnecessary areas other than the adhesive part, and may also adhere to clothing or fingertips, reducing work efficiency. On the other hand, by imparting thixotropic properties, there is no need to worry about these problems at all.

4. High viscosity adhesives without thixotropic properties require the work of spreading the adhesive after application, which takes 20 seconds per tree to graft, whereas adhesives with thixotropic properties By simply applying the adhesive to the outer periphery slightly above the contact point, the adhesive spreads to the necessary areas and stops at the appropriate location without completely dripping, so the time required for grafting is less than 10 seconds per tree.

For these reasons, by using the adhesive of the present invention,
A grafting method that is quick and easy to work with and has a high survival rate has become possible, and the possibility of an automated system for producing grafted water retention using machines has also increased.

In addition, the present invention is applicable to vegetables such as tomatoes, eggplants, cucumbers, melons, and watermelons, fruit trees such as grapes and canola,
It can also be used on flowering trees such as peaches, plums, peonies, and pines.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a conceptual diagram when the present invention is applied to plants of the Solanaceae family, Fig. 2 is a conceptual diagram when the present invention is applied to plants of the Cucurbitaceae family, and Fig. 3 is a conceptual diagram of the application of the present invention to plants of the Solanaceae family. Fig. 4 shows the shape of the contact area between the scion and the script according to the conventional grafting method. This is a diagram of the ``call-join method''. In the figure, 1 indicates the scion, 2 the script, 3 the cut surface, and 4 the adhesive.

Claims (1)

[Claims] Main component is 1,2-cyanoacrylate and the viscosity is 100.
A grafting adhesive characterized by having a cp or higher. 1. A grafting adhesive comprising 2,2-cyanoacrylate as a main component, having thixotropic properties, and having a viscosity of 100 cp or more.