JP2707098B2 - Method of manufacturing grafted seedlings - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (a) Object of the Invention "Industrial application field" Currently, in the cultivation of vegetables, flowers, fruit trees, etc., it is necessary to avoid soil-borne diseases, improve the quality, increase the yield and increase the variety of fibers. aim,
Although grafting cultivation is widely spread, the present invention relates to a method for producing grafted seedlings of plants, which can be used for the grafting cultivation. It relates to the method of producing seedlings,
It is used not only by general farmers but also by nursery companies, etc., and is widely used in the agricultural field.

"Prior art" Conventionally, as a plant grafting method, various methods are known, but in any of the methods, the joints of the scion and the rootstock are slightly different between vegetables and trees. However, it is necessary to cut into a special and complicated shape.

That is, in the case of vegetables, the grafting method can be classified into the following three types according to the method of joining stems.

The first is the “insertion and joining method” (FIG. 4A) in which holes are made in the cross section or side surface of the stock and a scion with a thin tip is inserted into the hole.

The second is a “split-joining method” (FIG. 4B) in which a cross section of the rootstock is cut entirely or partially and a scion with a sharpened tip is inserted into the cut end.

The third is a “calling method” (FIG. 4C) in which the hypocotyl of the stem of the rootstock is cut downward and the hypocotyl of the scion is cut upward, and the hypocotyls are combined.

In any case, as is clear from the above or FIG. 4, it is necessary to cut into a special and complicated shape, and in the second and third methods, which are widely used, the joints of the stock and scion are dedicated. It is necessary to fix and promote fusion by using clips and bands. This clip shape includes, for example,
9, 54-137532.

On the other hand, in trees such as fruit trees, conventionally, bud grafting, cutting and grafting,
There is a grafting method which is called by a name such as "yokuseki". In either grafting method, a cut is made in the cross section or side surface of the stock and a scion with a processed tip is inserted. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-107727 describes a conventional cutting method and an improved method thereof. In any case, it is necessary to cut it into a special and complicated shape, as with the above graft, and after inserting the scion, protect the cut edge with “pick up” and then use a tape or band The time-consuming method of firmly winding and fixing is taken.

As a special method, JP-A-59-175401 discloses a method using an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound as a main component, an unvulcanized rubber, a Ph adjuster, a soil improver, and an oil agent mixed with an oil. Has been proposed. However, this method is a method in which the adhesive is applied to the cutting surface of the scion and rootstock, and it is difficult to completely prevent the conduction of water. Due to the large number, there is a problem that the fixing force enough to join the scion and the stock is practically unlikely to be obtained.

Furthermore, the conventional grafting method is classified into several types as described above according to the method of joining rootstocks and scions, but which method is adopted depends on the type of plant, grafting time, etc.
For example, the cut-and-join method is generally used for vegetable watermelons, and the tomato is used for the high and low temperatures due to the grafting period, and the split-join method is used for other periods. ing. On the other hand, eggplant has a "split-splicing method" and cucumber has a "split-splicing method". Regardless of which method is employed, the cutting shape is delicate and complicated, requires considerable knowledge and experience, and the cutting shape and the quality of the joint affect the survival rate, requiring skill. Furthermore, the time of grafting is intensive, and it is difficult to collect skilled workers with considerable knowledge and experience in a concentrated manner, and it cannot be guaranteed that the survival rate will be 100%.

In addition, in the conventional method, it is necessary to hold the joint with a special “graft clip” or “graft band” until the rootstock and the scion join together. Is released, and there is a risk of spoilage and disease invasion due to drainage from plants. Further, it is necessary to precisely control the environment such as temperature, humidity and light after grafting, for example, the survival rate greatly changes due to the influence of moisture from the air.

In addition, when the adhesion is completed, it is necessary to remove the “graft clip” and “graft band” used for the graft in order to prevent growth by the conventional method, and the outer shape of the graft is bumped. There is also a problem that water drops accumulate and invading pathogenic bacteria and adventitious buds occur.

"Problems to be Solved by the Invention" The present invention has the problems of the conventional grafting method described above, that the cutting shape is delicate and complicated, and that which grafting method is to be adopted, considerable knowledge and The problem that experience and skill are required, the survival rate is not 100%, and the loss occurs. Furthermore, the problem that "grafting clips" and "grafting bands" must be used, and the use of such materials occurs. It has been made to provide a method for producing a grafted seedling that does not have the above-mentioned problems.

(B) Configuration of the Invention "Means for Solving the Problems" The present invention has been made by finding that the above problems can be solved by adopting a specific means using an adhesive containing 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component. It is a thing.

That is, the present invention cuts a scion and a stock for grafting seedlings substantially horizontally, then aligns the cut surfaces thereof, and contacts an adhesive and a curing agent containing 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component with the cut surfaces. The present invention relates to a method for producing a grafted seedling, which is applied to an outer peripheral part and fixes a scion and a rootstock.

２−2-cyanoacrylate The 2-cyanoacrylate used in the present invention is a compound represented by the chemical formula CH ₂ ＣC (CN) COOR, wherein R is alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl , Alkoxyalkyl groups and the like, specifically, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, n-pentyl, cyclohexyl, allyl, benzyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl and the like. No. These 2-cyanoacrylates are the main components of cold-setting adhesives commercially available as so-called instant adhesives.

○ Adhesive for grafting The adhesive containing 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component used in the present invention includes a thickener, a stabilizer, and a curing accelerator, if necessary, similarly to a commercially available instant adhesive. ,
Plasticizers, dyes and the like are added. As the adhesive used in the present invention, a commercially available instant adhesive containing 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component can also be used. However, according to the present invention, in order to simplify the management of the coating operation or to reduce the working speed. For the purpose of improvement, those to which a coloring agent such as a dye or a pigment is added, and those to which a known curing accelerator such as a fluorescent agent and various amine compounds or polyalkylene glycol derivatives are further added are preferable. In addition, as described later, in the present invention, the curing accelerator is different from the one added in the adhesive,
The adhesive and the curing accelerator are also used separately as a two-pack type.

-Grafting method A method for producing a grafted seedling using the adhesive of the present invention will be described with reference to the attached drawings. 1 and 2 are diagrams conceptually showing a method of grafting vegetables of solanaceae and cucurbite using the adhesive of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a joint between a scion and a stock adopted in a method for producing a grafted seedling using an adhesive according to the present invention. FIG.
Shows the cutting state in the conventional grafting method. As shown in FIG. 3, in the method of the present invention, both the stock and the scion can be cut at substantially right angles to the stem and joined and bonded together, and a complicated cut surface as in the conventional method shown in FIG. Need not be formed, and a very simple and simple cut shape may be used.

Rootstocks and cuttings are not particularly limited to cut sites in plants other than Cucurbitaceae, but in Cucurbitaceae, it is desirable to cut rootstocks at the setting points of cotyledons.

After the cut stock and the scion contact the cut surface,
An adhesive containing cyanoacrylate as a main component is applied to the outer peripheral portion of the cut surface of the bonded portion, held for several seconds to several tens of seconds, and the adhesive is cured, so that the scion and the stock are fixedly connected. The curing accelerator is used in combination with the adhesive to more quickly bond and fix the scion and rootstock. A curing accelerator is also commercially available for use as an instant adhesive containing 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component, and it is possible to use the curing accelerator as it is. A method of applying an adhesive after applying to the peripheral portion and contacting the cut surface, or a method of applying a curing accelerator from the surface of the adhesive after applying the adhesive to a peripheral portion outside the contact portion of the cut surface Etc. are adopted. As a method of applying the hardening accelerator, a method of immersing the scion and rootstock in a liquid of the hardening accelerator, a method of dropping the hardening accelerator from an opening or a tip nozzle of a container, or a method of spraying using a sprayer Etc. are adopted.

The amount of the adhesive to be applied varies depending on the perimeter of the grafted joint, and is not particularly limited. However, it is preferable to apply and cure the periphery of the joint continuously for one round, and completely cover the outer peripheral surface of the contacted part. It is desirable to apply it in such a way that a secure adhesion is possible.

In any plants, the cut surfaces of the rootstock and the scion are almost the same, and it is desirable to join them by the same diameter. However, even when the diameters of the cut surfaces are slightly different, according to the present invention, they are eccentrically contacted Thereafter, by applying the adhesive according to the present invention also to the non-contact portion of the cut surface, it is possible to prevent water evaporation and invasion of pathogenic bacteria from the non-contact portion, and it is possible to improve the survival rate.

If the grafted seedlings are managed for 10 to 20 days, the rootstock and the scion will adhere. As the grafted seedling grows, the adhesive falls off spontaneously and does not require an operation to remove the adhesive.

"Action" Perhaps because it was thought that it was not possible to fix plants with a lot of water at room temperature and quickly, it was never proposed to use an adhesive for fixing grafted seedlings. And others dare to challenge the method of producing grafted seedlings using an adhesive, and among various types of adhesives, when an adhesive containing 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component is used in combination with a curing agent, extremely growing plants can be extremely separated from each other. Even if a simple cutting method is adopted, it adheres very easily and firmly so as not to require a holder, etc., and has no adverse effect on the subsequent growth of the adhered plant, which is completely unpredictable. The above action was found.

"Examples" Example 1 Several days after sowing seeds for rootstocks (eggplant: red eggplant, disease-resistant VF, meat, tomato: LS-89 disease-resistant Shinko No. 1), eggplants for scion and tomatoes were sowed. When the number of true leaves of the rootstock became 5 to 6, the stem was cut about 1 cm above the second to third leaves of the rootstock. Eggplants and tomatoes that became scions were cut in the middle of the first and second leaves. The cut surfaces of the stock and scion are brought into contact as shown in FIG. 3, and a commercially available adhesive containing 2-cyanoacrylate to which a red dye is added as a main component (Toa Gosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
(Alon Alpha # 232) was applied to the outer periphery of the contact part. When a few drops of a commercially available curing accelerator (manufactured by Toa Gosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd .: aa setter) were dropped on the surface of the adhesive, it was almost instantaneously cured and bonded and fixed. The time required for the operation was 2 seconds for the stock stock and 2 seconds for the scion, and the bonding was completed in a total of 8 seconds, 4 seconds for applying the adhesive and dropping the hardening accelerator. Eggplant and tomato 100 each in the same way
Grafting was performed for each of the plants, and as a result of observing the state of survival two weeks later, all the plants were completely survived, and the survival rate was 100%.
In addition, the growth state thereafter was also good.

Example 2 Cucumber seeds as seedlings were sown, and several days later seeds for rootstock (pumpkin) were sown. The rootstock was cut at a right angle to the stem at the setting point of the cotyledon. Similarly, a scion with a diameter substantially equal to that of the stock is cut at a substantially right angle to the stem, and the cut surfaces of the stock and the scion are brought into contact with each other, and an adhesive mainly composed of 2-cyanoacrylate (Toa Gosei Chemical Industry) Aron Alpha # 23
2) is applied to the outer peripheral portion of the contact portion, and a curing accelerator (Toa Gosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd .: aa)
When a few drops of the setter were dropped, it was almost instantaneously cured and bonded and fixed. The time required for the operation was 2 seconds for the stock stock and 2 seconds for the scion, as in Example 1. The total time was 8 seconds including 4 seconds for applying the adhesive and dropping the curing accelerator. .
100 grafted seedlings of cucumber were produced by the above method. As a result of observing the engraftment state after 15 days, all the plants completely survived,
The survival rate was 100%. Further, the growth state thereafter was also good.

Comparative Example 1 In Example 1, the stem of a rootstock for eggplant was cut at a substantially right angle, and then a cut was made about 1.5 cm vertically about the center of the stem. The eggplants and tomatoes, which become the scions, cut the stems at almost right angles, sharpened their tips in a wedge shape, inserted them into the stock, and fixed them with "grafting clips" using the "split-splicing method". The working time was 14 seconds for the stock stock, 27 seconds for the scion, and 3 seconds for inserting the scion into the stock and fixing the "grafted clip" for 3 seconds, for a total of 44 seconds. Grafted seedlings were produced for each of 100 eggplants and tomatoes. After 14 days, the degree of survival was observed. As a result, 95 eggplants and tomatoes were found to be activated, and the survival rate was 95%.

Comparative Example 2 Pumpkins for rootstocks managed in the same manner as used in Example 2 were digged from the seeding bed and the growing points extending from above the hypocotyl were removed. At about 35 degrees, a cut was made diagonally below 6-10 mm to about 2/3 of the hypocotyl. On the other hand, the cucumber of the scion is digged up from the seeding floor, cut at 1.5 degrees below the cotyledon with a razor at an angle of about 30 degrees, at an angle of about 30 degrees, cut into the axis, align the cut surfaces, and fix with a "grafting clip" Welding method ". After that, the price was set for the pot. The work time was 18 seconds, the processing time of the stock was 20 seconds, the processing time of the scion was 20 seconds, the grafting time was 10 seconds, and the planting time in the pot was 20 seconds, requiring a total of 68 seconds. When 100 grafted seedlings were produced by the same method, the survival rate was 90%.

(C) Effects of the Invention The grafting method using the 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive according to the present invention exhibits the following excellent effects as compared with the conventional method for producing grafted seedlings.

1. The shape of the cutting part of the scion and stock is simple and there is no failure when cutting.

2. Grafting seedlings can be produced by a certain grafting method, regardless of the type of plant and grafting time.

3. There is no adverse effect from using "grafted clips" or "grafted bands".

4. Since the joints are completely sealed, there is no drainage from plants, no damage from drying, no ingress of moisture from the air, and no ingress of rot and pathogens.

5. Environmental control of seedlings after grafting is simpler than the conventional method, and it is not necessary to remove the equipment required for grafting.

From these facts, by adopting the method of the present invention,
A grafting method that is quick and simple in operation and has a high survival rate has become possible, and the possibility of an automated system for grafting seedling production using machines has also increased.

The present invention can be used for vegetables such as tomato, eggplant, cucumber, melon and watermelon, fruit trees such as grape and mandarin orange, roses, peaches, plums, buttons, and saplings of flowering trees such as pine.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram when the present invention is applied to a solanaceous plant, FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram when the present invention is applied to a Cucurbitaceae plant, and FIG. 3 is a scion and a stand. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a contact portion of a tree, and FIG. 4 shows the shape of a contact portion between a scion and a stock according to a conventional grafting method. Is a diagram of the "calling method". In the figures, 1 is a scion, 2 is a stock, 3 is a cut surface, and 4 is an adhesive.

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Yoshiaki Fujimoto 1-1-1 Funami-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi In the laboratory of Toagosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (56) References US Patent 3674722 (US, A) "Adhesion" Vol. 31 No. 2 (1987) pp. 58-63

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A scion and a stock for grafting seedlings are cut substantially horizontally, and then the cut surfaces are combined. An adhesive mainly composed of 2-cyanoacrylate and a hardening accelerator are added to the cut surface. A method for producing a grafted seedling, wherein the method is applied to an outer peripheral portion of a contact portion to fix a scion and a rootstock.