JP2762137B2 - Grafting jig and grafting method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (a) Object of the Invention "Industrial application field" Currently, in the cultivation of vegetables, flowers, fruits, etc., it is necessary to avoid soil-borne diseases, improve quality, increase yield, and maintain varieties. aim,
Although grafting cultivation is widely spread, the present invention relates to a grafting jig and a grafting method for plants that can be used for the grafting cultivation, and in particular, the number of working steps is small, the survival rate is improved, and thus the productivity is improved. The present invention relates to a grafting jig used for a high grafting method and a grafting method using the jig, and is used not only by general farmers but also by nursery companies and the like, and is widely used in the agricultural field.

"Prior art" Conventionally, as a plant grafting method, various methods are known, but in any of the methods, the joints of the scion and the rootstock are slightly different between vegetables and trees. However, it is necessary to cut into a special and complicated shape.

That is, in the case of vegetables, the grafting method can be classified into the following three types according to the method of joining stems.

The first is the "insertion joining method" (Fig. 5A) in which a hole is made in the cross section or side surface of the stock and a scion with a thin tip is inserted into the hole.

The second is a “split-joining method” (FIG. 5B) in which a cross section of the rootstock is cut entirely or partially and a scion with a sharpened tip is inserted into the cut end.

The third is a “calling method” (FIG. 5C) in which the hypocotyl of the rootstock stem is cut downward and the hypocotyl of the scion is cut upward and the hypocotyls are combined. In any case, as is clear from the above or Fig. 5, it is necessary to cut into a special and complicated shape, and in the second and third methods, which are highly popular, the joint between the stock and scion is dedicated. It is necessary to fix and promote fusion by using clips and bands. Regarding this clip, for example, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open Nos. 59-30909, 54-137532, 51
There are proposals such as -151045 and 58-70747.

On the other hand, in trees such as fruit trees, conventionally, bud grafting, cutting and grafting,
There is a grafting method which is called by a name such as "yokuseki". In either grafting method, a cut is made in the cross section or side surface of the stock and a scion with a processed tip is inserted. Examples of these methods include, for example, a conventional cutting method disclosed in JP-A-62-107727 and an improved method thereof.

In any of these methods, similar to the grafting method, it is necessary to cut into a special and complicated shape.In addition, after inserting the scion, the cut end is protected by "patch", and a tape or A time-consuming method of firmly winding and fixing a band-like object is employed.

As a special method, JP-A-59-175401 discloses a method in which an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound is used as a main component, and an unvulcanized rubber, a pH adjuster, a soil improver, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive mixed with an oil agent are used. Has been proposed. However, this method is a method in which the adhesive is applied to the cutting surface of the scion and rootstock, and it is difficult to completely prevent the conduction of water. Due to the large number, there is a problem that the fixing force enough to join the scion and the stock is practically unlikely to be obtained.

Furthermore, the conventional grafting method is classified into several types as described above according to the method of joining rootstocks and scions, but which method is adopted depends on the type of plant, grafting time, etc.
For example, vegetable watermelons generally use the "cutting and grafting method", while tomatoes are a factor in the grafting time, that is, the "calling method" during high and low temperatures, and the "split grafting method" at other times.
Has been adopted. On the other hand, eggplant has a "split-splicing method" and cucumber has a "split-splicing method". Regardless of which method is employed, the cutting shape is delicate and complicated, requires considerable knowledge and experience, and the cutting shape and the quality of the joint affect the survival rate, requiring skill. In addition, the time of grafting is intensive, but it is difficult to collect skilled workers with considerable knowledge and experience.
Moreover, it cannot be guaranteed that the survival rate is 100%.

In addition, in the conventional method, it is necessary to hold the joint with a special “graft clip” or “graft band” until the rootstock and the scion unite, but the adverse effect is that the joint may be damaged by pressure, or the joint may be damaged. Is released, and effluent from plants may cause decay or disease invasion. In addition, it is necessary to precisely control environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, light rays, etc. after grafting, for example, the survival rate greatly changes due to the influence of moisture from the air.

In addition, when the adhesion is completed, it is necessary to remove the “graft clip” and “graft band” used for the graft in order to prevent growth by the conventional method, and the outer shape of the graft is bumped. There is a problem that water drops accumulate and pathogens enter and adventitious buds occur.

In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have previously proposed a grafting adhesive characterized by using 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component and a grafting method using the adhesive (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei. No. 273517).

"Problems to be Solved by the Invention" The above proposals have considerable knowledge and experience regarding the problems of the conventional grafting method, that the cutting shape is delicate and complicated, and which grafting method to use. The problem that skill is required, the survival rate does not reach 100%, and the loss occurs. Furthermore, the point that "grafted clips" and "grafted bands" must be used, and Although this is an excellent solution to the problems, etc., even if the adhesive used is an instantaneous adhesive, the cut surfaces of the stock and scion are aligned and the adhesive is applied to the outer periphery of the contact portion of the cut surface. After that, until the scion and rootstock are fixed, the cutting surface of the scion and rootstock must be placed in close contact, but grafting work is often performed by one person. The positional relationship with the rootstock closely attached Applying the adhesive while holding it, and if necessary, applying a curing accelerator on it is an extremely difficult task, because the cutting surface of the scion and the stock will often be separated. However, a new problem has been found in that the adhesive flows in between the cut surfaces to lower the survival rate. This problem is apt to occur particularly in the case of fruits and vegetables or green branches of fruit trees, in which the stock is thin and flexible and the position is easily moved. The present invention has been made in order to solve this newly found problem, to improve the workability of grafting, and to find a grafting jig and a grafting method using the jig that do not reduce the failure rate of rooting. is there.

(B) Configuration of the Invention "Means for Solving the Problems" As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have a function of fixing the position of the stock or scion to the support. By fixing with a grafting jig having a member for holding a crosspiece and a stock or a scion, the above problems were solved, and it was found that the problems could be solved, and the present invention was completed.

That is, the present invention is a grafting jig, which has a member for holding a brace and a stock or scion having a function of fixing to a support, and a holding member provided on a brace fixed to the support, While fixing the rootstock or both the rootstock and the scion, the cut surfaces of the rootstock and the scion are aligned, and a 2-cyanoacrylate-based adhesive is applied to an outer peripheral portion of a contact portion of the cut surface to form a rootstock. The present invention relates to a grafting method characterized in that a scion is fixedly joined.

○ Jig for grafting The jig for grafting used in the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a column which is fixed at a lower end by a column fixing stand 5 and stands upright, and numeral 3 denotes a brace fixed horizontally to the column. The arm is a screw 2
Has been fixed by. In addition, the fixing of the arm tree other than the screw,
For example, it may be fixed by a spring or the like, and is preferably designed so that the length of the arm can be adjusted. A holding member for holding the rootstock or scion to be grafted is connected and fixed to the tip of the arm. The holding member is fixed to the arm bar by a screw, an adhesive or the like.

The column is fixed by being integrated with a fixed table as shown in FIG. 1 or by attaching it to a work table or the like with a suitable jig using a suitable jig, for example, as shown in FIG. Is done.

Although the lashing is a woodworking tool used to fasten and fix a piece of wood, the jig of the present invention can be used as it is by attaching the crosspiece of the present invention to the sao portion of the lashing.

The holding member that is connected and fixed to the tip of the arm is a member that can hold and fix a graft for grafting, that is, a member that can be connected and fixed to the arm, and can hold the root and the like in a connected and fixed state. If there is, there is no restriction on its structure, and FIG. 1 shows an example thereof, and a commercially available or commonly used grafting clip is applicable.

The crosspiece is preferably made of a material that can be firmly fixed to the support to fix the rootstock or the rootstock and scion, but it is free when a certain force is applied so that the position can be finely adjusted. It is preferable to use a material that can bend to a predetermined angle and maintain its position when a force is removed, such as a lead alloy.

○ 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive The 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive used in the present invention is an adhesive mainly composed of 2-cyanoacrylate represented by the formula CH ₂ C (CN) COOR. It is. Here, R in the formula is an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxyalkyl group and the like, and specifically, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-
Propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, n-pentyl, cyclohexyl, allyl, benzyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl and the like. These 2-cyanoacrylate adhesives are cold-setting adhesives commercially available as so-called instant adhesives, and in the present invention, those commercially available instant adhesives can be used as they are.

As the adhesive used in the present invention, known polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polyalkyl-2-cyano acrylate, acrylic rubber, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl ether, as a thickener of a 2-cyanoacrylate-based adhesive, By a thickener such as a cellulose ester, it is preferable that the viscosity is increased to 100 cps or more, more preferably the viscosity is 300 cps or more, more preferably the viscosity is 500 to 250,000 cp
s, and particularly preferred are those whose viscosity is adjusted to 1,000 to 50,000 cps.

The desired viscosity varies depending on the type and molecular weight of the thickener, but can be obtained by adding the thickener in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight.

The above viscosity was measured with a B-type rotational viscometer at a sample temperature of 25 ° C.
It was measured at 6 rpm. The rotor number is appropriately selected according to the viscosity. For example, a rotor having a viscosity of 200 cps is measured with a rotor having a rotor number of 1.

Further, as the adhesive used in the present invention, an aromatic aldehyde condensate of a polyvalent hydroxy compound which is a known thixotropic agent, a condensate of a polyvalent hydroxy compound and boric acid, polyalkylene glycol ethers, polyalkylene glycol A 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive to which thixotropic properties are imparted by the addition of esters, aluminum fatty acid salts, polycarbonate, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicon dioxide and the like is preferred. In particular, those using hydrophobic silica as a thixotropic agent are preferred for the present invention.

Hydrophobic silica is a compound capable of forming a hydrophobic group by reacting in some form with a hydroxyl group present on the surface of hydrophilic silica or adsorbed on the surface of hydrophilic silica to form a hydrophobic layer on the surface. The compound is obtained by bringing a compound (hereinafter referred to as a surface treating agent) and hydrophilic silica into contact with or in the absence of a solvent, preferably by heating to change the surface of the hydrophilic silica to hydrophobic.

Examples of the hydrophilic silica as a raw material include fumed silica and wet silica, and the particle diameter of primary particles is 1 to 100.
μm is preferable, and 5 to 50 μm is more preferable. Such fine-particle silica is obtained, for example, by hydrolyzing silicon tetrachloride in a flame in oxyhydrogen.
There is a highly dispersible amorphous silica. Also, when hydrolyzed in an oxyhydrogen flame, titanium chloride, aluminum chloride,
Examples thereof include alumina-containing silica, titanium oxide-containing silica, and iron oxide-containing silica in which chlorides such as iron chloride coexist.

Examples of the surface treatment agent that changes the surface state of the hydrophilic silica into hydrophobic silica include alkyl, aryl, aralkyl-based silane coupling agents having a hydrophobic group such as n-octyl trialkoxysilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, and hexamethylenediamine. Examples include silylating agents such as silazane, silicone oils such as polydimethylsiloxane, higher alcohols such as stearyl alcohol, and higher fatty acids such as stearic acid.

Among these hydrophobic silicas, a dimethylsilyl group or a trimethylsilyl group can be added to the surface of the hydrophilic silica,
What uses what is called hydrophobic silica obtained from hydrophilic silica surface-treated with a dimethyl silylation agent or a trimethyl silylation agent is particularly preferable.

Specific examples of the dimethyl silylating agent and the trimethyl silylating agent include dimethyldichlorosilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, dimethyldiacetoxysilane, in addition to hexamethyldisilazane,
Dimethylditrifluoroacetoxysilane, hexamethylcyclotrisilazane, trimethylchlorosilane, trimethylbromosilane, N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl)
Carbamate, N, N-diethylaminotrimethylsilane, NN-dimethylaminotrimethylsilane, hexamethyldisiloxane, N-trimethylsilylimidazole, bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide, bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide, bis (trimethylsilyl) urea, 2-trimethyl Siloxy-2
-Penten-4-one, trimethylsilylacetamide, trimethylsilyl-N, N'-diphenylurea, 3
-Trimethylsilyl-2-oxasolidine, bis (trimethylsiloxy) dimethylsilane, and the like.

Incidentally, as the hydrophobic silica, already commercially available hydrophobic silica can be naturally used. Examples of commercially available hydrophobic silica include AEROSIL R805 (manufactured by Degussa) surface-treated with n-octyltrimethoxysilane. AEROSIL R202 (manufactured by Degussa) surface-treated with silicone oil, AEROSIL R972, R974, surface-treated with dimethyl silylating agent,
R976 (all manufactured by Degussa), AEROSIL R811, R812 (all manufactured by Degussa) surface-treated with a trimethylsilylating agent, and the like, each of which is 150
± 20, 80 ± 20, 100 ± 20, 170 ± 20, 250 ± 20, 150 ± 20,
200 ± 20mm ² / g specific surface area, 50, 65, 40, 35, 30, 60, 60
Hydrophobic fumed silica having a degree of hydrophobicity of
Further, Cab-O-Sil N70-TS as another hydrophobic silica
(Manufactured by CABOT), which has a specific surface area of 100 ± 20 mm ² / g, and is reported to be treated with an organosilicon compound.

These thixotropic agents may be used in combination with a thixotropic agent such as polyalkylene glycol, which is also a preferable method.

The thixotropy-imparting agent imparts thixotropy to the 2-cyanoacrylate-based adhesive to make the 2-cyanoacrylate-based adhesive excellent in performance as a grafting adhesive. As the power thixotropic property, those having a thixotropic coefficient (hereinafter referred to as TI coefficient) represented by the following formula of 2.0 or more are preferable,
It is more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 10.0, particularly preferably in the range of 3.0 to 6.0.

TI = η ₆ / η ₆₀ where η ₆ is a B-type rotational viscometer, sample temperature 25 ° C, rotation speed 6
The viscosity measured at rpm (the rotor number is appropriately selected according to the viscosity), η ₆₀ is the viscosity measured at a sample temperature of 25 ° C. and a rotation speed of 60 rpm with a B-type rotational viscometer (the rotor number is appropriately determined according to the viscosity). Selection) The 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive used in the present invention may be one to which additives such as a stabilizer, a curing accelerator, a plasticizer, a dye, and the like are added as necessary. It is also compounded in commercial instant adhesives. As the adhesive of the present invention, it is possible to use a commercially available 2-cyanoacrylate-based instant adhesive as described above, but in use, as described above, one having a high viscosity, particularly thixotropic It is preferable to select one having the property. Further, according to the present invention, in order to facilitate the management of the coating operation and to improve the operation speed, especially those added with coloring agents such as dyes and pigments, further, fluorescent agents and various amine compounds and polyalkylenes It is preferable to add a known curing accelerator such as a glycol derivative.

The curing accelerator may be used by being added to the adhesive as a component of the adhesive, but the adhesive and the curing accelerator may be used separately as a two-part type, or the stability of the adhesive may be used. This is a preferred method from the viewpoint of (1).

The grafting method using the grafting jig of the present invention will be described with reference to the attached drawings. FIG. 3 and FIG.
It is a figure which shows notionally the method of implementing grafting using the jig for grafting of this invention. That is, both the stock and the scion are cut at a substantially right angle to the stem, and the cut stock is fixed by the grafting jig of the present invention.

Lightly press the cut scion onto the fixed rootstock, apply 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive to the outer periphery of the contact part on the cut surface, hold it for several seconds to several tens of seconds, and apply the adhesive. By curing, the scion and the stock are fixedly connected. As shown in FIG. 4, in addition to fixing only the rootstock, before or after applying the adhesive, the rootstock and the scion are fixed with different jigs, respectively.
The scion and rootstock can be combined and fixed. When a curing accelerator is used in combination with an adhesive, the bonding and fixing can be performed more quickly, which is a preferable method. As the curing accelerator, a commercially available curing accelerator for a 2-cyanoacrylate instant adhesive can be used as it is, and a liquid curing accelerator can be used outside the cutting surface of the scion and rootstock. A method of applying an adhesive after applying to the peripheral portion and bringing the cut surface into contact, or a method of applying a curing accelerator from the surface of the adhesive after applying the adhesive to a peripheral portion outside the contact portion of the cut surface. Etc. are adopted. As a method of applying the hardening accelerator, a method of immersing the scion and rootstock in a liquid of the hardening accelerator, a method of dropping the hardening accelerator from an opening or a tip nozzle of a container, or a method of spraying using a sprayer Etc. are adopted.

As shown in FIG. 3, in the method of the present invention, both the stock and the scion can be cut and joined at substantially right angles to the stem, and they can be bonded together. As shown in FIG. There is no need to form a cut surface, and a very simple and simple cut shape may be used. Of course, even in a state where the scion and the stock are cut and joined according to the conventional method, the conventional "grafted clip" can be used.
It is also possible to use the adhesive according to the present invention without using the “grafted band” or the “grafted band”.

The amount of adhesive applied varies depending on the circumference of the grafted joint, and is not particularly limited. The adhesive is applied to part or all of the outer peripheral part of the contact part to join and fix the scion and rootstock. However, it is preferable to apply and harden the circumference of the joint continuously and to apply the coating so as to completely cover the outer peripheral surface of the contact portion, so that reliable adhesion can be achieved.

When the scion and the stock are joined and fixed, the grafting jig of the present invention is removed from the stock or the scion and the stock.

In any plants, the cut surfaces of the rootstock and the scion are almost the same, and it is desirable to join them by the same diameter. However, even when the diameters of the cut surfaces are slightly different, according to the present invention, they are eccentrically contacted. Thereafter, by applying the adhesive of the present invention also to the non-contact portion of the cut surface, it is possible to prevent moisture evaporation and invasion of pathogenic bacteria from the non-contact portion, and it is possible to improve the survival rate.

The rootstock and the scion will adhere to each other if the bonded graft is managed for 10 to 20 days. As the grafted seedling grows, the adhesive falls off spontaneously and does not require an operation to remove the adhesive.

According to the grafting jig of the present invention and the grafting method using the jig according to the present invention, an excellent grafting method that has solved the problems of the previously proposed conventional grafting method has been found.
In one-person work, even though it is an excellent grafting method using the proposed 2-cyanoacrylate instant adhesive,
Applying an adhesive while maintaining the positional relationship between the scion and rootstock and, if necessary, applying a curing accelerator thereon is an extremely difficult and complicated task. The problem is that the cutting board is often separated from the cutting board, so that the adhesive flows in between the cutting faces and lowers the survival rate, especially when the stock is thin and flexible. Eliminates the problems that easily occur in the case of fruity vegetables and green branches of fruit trees, improves the workability of the grafting method proposed earlier, does not require skill, and does not cause poor rooting It has an excellent function of providing a grafting method.

"Example" Example 1 A few days after sowing seeds of red roots for rootstocks, tomatoes for spikelets were sown. When the true leaves of the rootstock become 5-6,
The stem was cut about 1 cm above the second or third leaf of the rootstock. The tomato to become a scion was cut in the middle of the first and second leaves.
After fixing the upper cut rootstock with the grafting jig, i.e., the grafting clamping member at the tip of the arm fixed to the fixed support at the lower end, the rootstock and the cutting surface of the scion are brought into contact, A commercially available adhesive containing 2-cyanoacrylate to which a red dye was added as a main component (Alon Alpha # 252Top manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) was applied to the outer peripheral portion of the contact portion. A commercially available curing accelerator (available from Toagosei Co., Ltd .: a
When a few drops of (a setter) were dropped, it was almost instantaneously cured and bonded and fixed. The time required for the work is the stocking processing time 2
Second, processing time of scion 2 seconds, fixed time of rootstock 1 second,
The bonding was completed in a total of 9 seconds, ie, 4 seconds for applying the adhesive and dropping the curing accelerator. After the bonding was completed, the rootstock was removed from the holding member. After grafting 200 tomatoes in the same manner and observing the state of survival two weeks later, it was found that two plants did not survive.
With books alone, it was 99%. The surviving strains also had good growth conditions thereafter.

Comparative Example 1 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed without using a grafting jig. 42 out of 200 grafted trees fail to take root well because adhesive flows between the scion and the stock, or the cut surface of the scion and the stock are displaced. There were many. The survival rate was 79.0%.

(C) Effects of the Invention The grafting method performed by using the grafting jig according to the present invention has the following advantages over the previously proposed grafting method.

1.Because the stock is fixed when applying the adhesive, the scion and the stock are closely adhered and the survival rate is good.

2.Because the position of the stock does not move, the adhesive is applied only to the outer periphery of the joint between the scion and the stock, so that the adhesive is not applied to unnecessary parts In addition, the adhesive can be effectively used.

From these facts, by using the grafting jig of the present invention, compared to the grafting method previously proposed, a grafting method with a quicker and simpler operation and a higher survival rate becomes possible, which contributes to farmers, seedling raising companies and the like. Greater than doing.

The present invention is applied to vegetables such as tomato, eggplant, cucumber, melon, watermelon, and makuwauri, fruit trees such as grape, orange, orange, etc. Can be used.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a grafting jig of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of using a lashing as a method of fixing a support of the grafting jig, and FIGS. FIG. 5 shows the concept of a grafting method using the grafting jig of the present invention, and FIG. 5 shows the shape of a contact portion between a scion and a rootstock according to a conventional grafting method. B is a diagram of the “joining method”, and C is a diagram of the “calling method”. In the drawing, 1 is a column, 2 is a screw for fixing a brace, 3 is a brace, 4
Denotes a holding member, 5 denotes a column fixing stand, 6 denotes a scion, and 7 denotes a stock.

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A grafting jig comprising a member for holding a brace and a stock or scion having a function of fixing to a column. 2. A holding member provided on a brace fixed to a support, fixing a rootstock or both a rootstock and a scion, matching the cut surfaces of the rootstock and the scion, and contacting the cut surface. A grafting method comprising applying a 2-cyanoacrylate-based adhesive to an outer peripheral portion and fixedly joining a stock and a scion.