JPH03123419A - Grafting jig and grafting method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the title jig capable of simply carrying out grafting having good rooting by supporting a movable arm having a holding member with a support in an arbitrary position. CONSTITUTION:An arm 3 having a holding member 4 for holding scion and root stock is movably mounted to a support 1 and the arm is fixed to the support in an arbitrary position by screw 2, etc. Root stock and as necessary scion are fixed with a grafting jig and the scion is lightly pressed to the stock and adhesive is applied to the peripheral part and the scion is bound and fixed to the stock by curing of the adhesive.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] (a) Purpose of the invention "Field of industrial application" Currently, in the cultivation of vegetables, flowers, fruit trees, etc., it is important to avoid soil-borne diseases, improve quality, increase yields, and maintain varieties. Aim: Grafted cultivation has become widespread, and the present invention relates to a plant grafting jig and grafting knife method that can be used for grafted cultivation. It relates to a grafting jig used for the highly productive grafting method and the grafting method using the jig,
It is used not only by general farmers but also by seedling growers, and is widely used in the agricultural field.

``Conventional technology'' Various methods have been known for grafting plants, but in all of them, the joint between the scion and the stem is slightly different between vegetables and trees. , it is necessary to cut into special and complicated shapes.

In other words, in the case of vegetables, depending on the method of joining the stems, the following three types of
Grafting methods can be classified by species.

The first is the ``cutting grafting method'' (Figure 5A), in which a hole is made in the cross section or side of the rootstock, and a scion with a thin tip is inserted into the hole.

The second method is to make a cut entirely or partially in the cross section of the rootstock, and insert a scion with a sharp tip into the cut.
This is the "split-split method" (Figure 5B).

The third step is to cut the hypocotyls of the script stem downwards and upwards into the hypocotyls of the scion stem, and then combine the hypocotyls together.
This is the "call joining method" (Figure 5C).

As is clear from the above and Figure 5, both methods require cutting into a special and complex shape, and in the second and third methods, which are highly popular, the joint between the rootstock and scion is dedicated. It is necessary to use clips or bands to stabilize and promote healing. This clip shape includes, for example,
09.54-137532.51-151045.5B
There are proposals such as -70747.

On the other hand, for trees such as fruit trees, there are conventional grafting methods called bud grafting, cutting grafting, yose grafting, etc. In both grafting methods, a cut is made in the cross section or side of the rootstock,
This method involves inserting scion wood with a processed tip. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-107727 describes a conventional cutting method and its improvement method. In any case, as with the grafting method described above, it is necessary to cut into a special and complicated shape, and after inserting the scion, the cut end must be "spliced".
The time-consuming method is to protect it with a cloth and then wrap it tightly with tape or a band to secure it in place.

In addition, as a special method, JP-A-59-175401
proposed a method using an adhesive containing an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound as a main component, mixed with unvulcanized rubber, a pH adjuster, a soil conditioner, and an oil agent. however,
This method involves applying the adhesive to the cut surfaces of the scion and rootstock, and it is difficult to completely prevent water conduction, and there is a lot of water movement from the plant tissue at the cut surface. , the adhesion force sufficient to bind the scion and rootstock is fact 1
The problem is that there is little possibility of obtaining the desired results.

Furthermore, conventional grafting methods are classified into several types as mentioned above depending on the method of joining the script and scion, but which method to use depends on the type of plant, the time of grafting, etc. In general, the ``cutting grafting method'' is popular, and tomatoes have a high temperature and low temperature period due to factors such as the grafting time.
In other periods, the ``wari-gi method'' was used. On the other hand, eggplant uses the "split method", and cucumber uses the "split method".
There are many cases where there is a ``calling method''. In addition, no matter which method is used, the cutting shape is delicate and complex, requiring a considerable amount of knowledge and experience, and the cutting shape and the quality of the joint affect the attachment rate, so it is a work that requires skill. Furthermore, although the grafting period is intensive, it is difficult to gather together skilled workers with considerable knowledge and experience, and it is not possible to guarantee a 100% survival rate.

Furthermore, in the conventional method, it is necessary to hold the rootstock and scion at the joint with a dedicated "grafting clip" or "grafting band" until they fuse together, but this has the disadvantage that the joint may be damaged due to pressure, or the joint may Since the plant is in an open state, there is a risk of rot and disease invasion due to liquid exuding from the plant. Furthermore, the survival rate changes greatly due to the influence of moisture in the air.
It is also necessary to precisely control the environment such as temperature, humidity, and light during grafting.

In addition, at the stage when adhesion is completed, "grafting clips" used for grafting are used to avoid inhibiting growth using conventional methods.
, it is necessary to remove the "graft band," and the external shape of the grafted part becomes knob-like, causing problems such as water droplets accumulating, allowing pathogens to enter, and adventitious buds to occur.

In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors first proposed a grafting adhesive characterized by containing 2-cyanoacrylate as a main component and a grafting hydraulic method using the adhesive (patent application). (Sho 63-100139).

[Problem to be solved by the invention] The above proposal requires considerable knowledge and understanding of the problems of the conventional joint hydraulic method, the delicate and complicated cut shape, and which joint hydraulic method to adopt. There are problems in that experience and skill are required, problems in that the rooting rate is not 100% and there is loss, and there is also a problem in that "grafting clips" and "grafting bands" have to be used and their use This is an excellent product that solves the above-mentioned problems, but even if the adhesive used is instant adhesive, the cut surfaces of the rootstock and scion are combined and the adhesive is applied to the outer periphery of the contact area of the cut surfaces. After applying the scion, it is necessary to keep the cut surfaces of the scion and rootstock in close contact until the scion and rootstock are firmly attached, but the grafting work is often done by one person. It is extremely difficult to apply adhesive while keeping the scion and rootstock in close contact with each other, and if necessary, apply a hardening accelerator on top of it, and it is often difficult to apply adhesive to the scion and rootstock. A new problem was discovered in that because the cut surfaces of the tree and rootstock are separated, adhesive flows between the cut surfaces, reducing the survival rate. This problem is particularly likely to occur in the case of green branches of fruit vegetables and fruit trees, where the rootstock is thin and flexible and can easily move. The present invention has been made in order to solve this newly discovered problem, to improve the workability of grafting, and to seek a grafting jig that does not reduce the failure rate of grafting, and a grafting method using the jig. be.

(b) Structure of the Invention "Means for Solving the Problem" As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problem, the present inventors have changed the position of the script to a graft structure consisting of an arm and a support having a clamping member. The present invention was completed based on the discovery that the above-mentioned problems could be solved by fixing with a jig.

That is, the present invention provides a grafting jig characterized by comprising a movable arm that has a member that holds the rootstock or scion and is fixed at an arbitrary position on the support, and a support that supports the arm. The rootstock or both the rootstock and the scion are fixed using the holding members of the arm supported by the supports, and the cut surfaces of the rootstock and the scion are aligned, and a 2- The present invention relates to a grafting method characterized by applying a cyanoacrylate adhesive to fixedly join a rootstock and a scion.

○Grafting jig The grafting jig used in the present invention will be explained based on the drawings. In FIG. 1, numeral 1 is a column that stands vertically with its lower end fixed by a column fixing base 5, and 3 is a arm that is horizontally fixed to the column. The arm is fixed to an arbitrary position on the support with screws 2. Note that the armrest may be fixed by means other than screws, such as a spring, and it is preferable that the arm be designed so that the length can be adjusted. A clamping member that clamps the rootstock or scion to be grafted is connected and fixed to the tip of the arm. The clamping member is fixed to the arm using screws, adhesive, or the like.

The support can be fixed by integrating it with a fixing stand as shown in Figure 1, or by attaching it to a workbench or the like using an appropriate jig, such as a chisel-shaped one as shown in Figure 2. be done.

A chisel is a woodworking tool used for tightening and fixing pieces of wood, but by attaching the arm of the present invention to the pole of the chisel, it can also be used as a jig of the present invention.

The clamping member to be connected and fixed to the tip of the arm should be one that can clamp and fix the grafting script, etc., that is, it can be connected and fixed to the arm and can hold the rootstock etc. in the connected and fixed state. There are no restrictions on the structure of the clip, an example of which is shown in FIG. 1, and clips that are generally commercially available or used as grafting clips may be used.

In order to fix the position of the rootstock or rootstock and scion, it is preferable that the arm is made of a material that can be firmly fixed to the support, but it can be made freely by applying a certain amount of force so that the position can be finely adjusted. It is preferable to use a material that can be bent and maintain its position when the force is removed, such as a lead alloy.

02-Cyanoacrylate Adhesive The 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive used in the present invention is a 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive whose main component is 2-cyanoacrylate whose chemical formula is CH2=C(CN)Co○R. It is a drug. In addition, R in the formula is an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxyalkyl group, etc., and specifically, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-
These include propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, n-pentyl, cyclohexyl, allyl, benzyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, and the like. These 2-cyanoacrylate adhesives are room temperature curing adhesives that are commercially available as so-called instant adhesives, and in the present invention, these commercially available instant adhesives can be used as they are.

Adhesives used in the present invention include polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, and polyalkyl-2, which are known as thickeners for 2-cyanoacrylate adhesives.
- Preferably, the viscosity is increased to 100 cp or more with a thickener such as cyanoacrylate, acrylic rubber, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl ether, or cellulose ester, and more preferably 300 cp or more.
p or more, more preferably a viscosity of 500 to 500
Of the 250°000 cp, particularly preferred are 1.
The viscosity is adjusted to 000 to 50,000 cp.

The desired viscosity varies depending on the type of thickener and its molecular weight, but can be obtained by adding 1 to 10% by weight of the thickener.

The above viscosity was measured using a B-type rotational viscometer at a sample temperature of 25° C. and a rotation speed of 6 rpm. The rotor number was selected appropriately depending on the viscosity. For example, a viscosity of 200 cp is measured using rotor number 1.

Further, as adhesives used in the present invention, aromatic aldehyde condensates of polyvalent hydroxy compounds, condensates of polyvalent hydroxy compounds and boric acid, polyalkylene glycol ethers, polyalkylene glycols, which are known thixotropic properties imparting agents, are used. Esters, aluminum fatty acid salts,
A 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive that has been given thixotropic properties by adding polycarbonate, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicon dioxide, etc. is preferred.

Among the above-mentioned thixotropic properties imparting agents, hydrophobic silica is preferred.

Hydrophobic silica is a compound that can react in some way with the hydroxyl groups present on the surface of hydrophilic silica to form a hydrophobic group, or a compound that can be adsorbed to the surface of hydrophilic silica to form a hydrophobic layer on the surface. It is obtained by bringing a compound (hereinafter referred to as a surface treatment agent) into contact with hydrophilic silica in the presence or absence of a solvent, and preferably by heating the surface of the hydrophilic silica to make it hydrophobic.

Examples of the wood-loving silica used as a raw material include fumed silica and wet silica, and the particle size of the formed particles is 1 to 100.
Preferably, the thickness is 5 to 50 μm, and more preferably 5 to 50 μm. Such fine particle silica can be obtained, for example, by hydrolyzing silicon tetrachloride in an oxyhydrogen flame.
There is highly dispersed amorphous silica. Also, when hydrolyzed in an oxyhydrogen flame, titanium chloride, aluminum chloride,
Examples include alumina-containing silica, titanium oxide-containing silica, and iron oxide-containing silica in which a chloride such as iron chloride is present.

Examples of surface treatment agents that change the surface state of hydrophilic silica to make it hydrophobic silica include alkyl, aryl, and aralkyl silane coupling agents having hydrophobic groups such as n-octyltrialkoxysilane, dimethyldichlorosilane,
Examples include silylating agents such as hexamethylene disilazane, silicone oils such as polydimethylsiloxane, higher alcohols such as stearyl alcohol, and higher fatty acids such as stearic acid.

Among these hydrophobic silicas, hydrophobic silica obtained from hydrophilic silica surface-treated with a so-called dimethylsilylating agent or trimethylsilylating agent, which can add a dimethylsilyl group or a trimethylsilyl group to the surface of the wood-philic silica. Particularly preferred are those using.

Specific examples of the dimethylsilylating agent and trimethylsilylating agent include dimethyldichlorosilane and hexamethyldisilazane mentioned above, as well as dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyljethoxysilane, dimethyldiacetoxysilane, dimethylditrifluoroacetoxysilane, and hexamethylcyclosilane. Trisilazane, trimethylchlorosilane, trimethylbromosilane, N,0-bis(trimethylsilyl)
Carbamate, N,N-diethylaminotrimethylsilane, N,N-dimethylaminotrimethylsilane, hexamethyldisiloxane, N-trimethylsilylimidazole, bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide, bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide, bis(trimethylsilyl)urea, 2 -trimethylsiloxy-2
-Penten-4-one, trimethylsilylacetamide, trimethylsilyl-N,N'-diphenylurea, 3
-trimethylsilyl-2-oxasolidinone, bis(trimethylsiloxy)dimethylsilane, and the like.

Incidentally, as the hydrophobic silica, hydrophobic silica that is already commercially available can of course be used, and examples of commercially available hydrophobic silica include AERO3IL R805 (manufactured by Degussa) whose surface has been treated with n-octyltrimethoxysilane; AERO3IL surface treated with silicone oil
R202 (manufactured by Degussa), AERO3IL R972, R9 surface treated with dimethylsilylating agent
74, R976 (all manufactured by Degussa), AERO3IL R surface treated with trimethylsilylating agent
811, R812 (both manufactured by Degussa), etc., each having a weight of 150±20.
80±20.100±20, 170±20.250±2
Specific surface area of 0, 150 ± 20.200 ± 20 bo/g, 5
It is a hydrophobic fumed silica with a degree of hydrophobicity of 0.65.40.35.30.60.60. In addition, as other hydrophobic silica, Cab-0-3il N70T S
(manufactured by CABOT), has a specific surface area of 100±20 bo/g, and is reported to have been treated with an organosilicon compound.

These thixotropic properties imparting agents may be used in combination with thixotropic properties imparting aids such as polyalkylene glycols, which is also a preferred method.

The thixotropic property-imparting agent imparts thixotropic property to the 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive and makes the 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive have excellent performance as a grafting adhesive. The thixotropic property is expressed by the thixotropic coefficient (
Below T, 1. The coefficient (referred to as a coefficient) is preferably 2.0 or more, more preferably in the range of 2.0 to 10.0, and particularly preferably in the range of 3.0 to 6.0.

T, I, = η6/η,.

However, η is the viscosity measured with a B-type rotational viscometer at a sample temperature of 25° C. and a rotation speed of 5 rpm (the rotor number is appropriately selected depending on the viscosity). is a viscosity measured using a B-type rotational viscometer at a sample temperature of 25° C. and a rotation speed of 6 Orpm (the rotor number is appropriately selected depending on the viscosity). Additives such as stabilizers, curing accelerators,
Plasticizers, dyes, etc. may be added, and these are also included in commercially available instant adhesives. As mentioned above, it is possible to use a commercially available 2-cyanoacrylate-based instant adhesive as the adhesive of the present invention. It is preferable to select one that has been given certain characteristics. Furthermore, in order to simplify the management of the coating work and improve the work speed, the present invention particularly applies to those to which coloring agents such as dyes and pigments are added, as well as fluorescent agents, various amine compounds, and polyalkylene. Preferably, a known curing accelerator such as a glycol derivative is added. Note that the curing accelerator may be used by being added to the adhesive as a component of the adhesive, but the adhesive and curing accelerator can also be used separately as a two-component type.
This is a preferable method from the viewpoint of adhesive stability.

Grafting method The grafting method using the grafting jig of the present invention will be explained based on the attached drawings. 3 and 4 are diagrams conceptually showing a method of grafting using the grafting jig of the present invention. That is, both the rootstock and the scion are cut at a substantially right angle to the stem, and the cut rootstock is fixed by the grafting jig of the present invention. Lightly press the cut scion onto the fixed script, apply 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive to the outer periphery of the contact area of the cut surface, and hold it as it is for several to several seconds to harden the adhesive. By doing so, the scion and rootstock are bonded and fixed. As shown in Figure 4, in addition to fixing only the base, the rootstock and scion are each fixed using separate jigs before or after applying the adhesive, and then the scion and scion are fixed. Rootstocks can also be combined and fixed. It is a preferable method to use a curing accelerator in combination with an adhesive because bonding and fixation can be achieved more quickly. As a curing accelerator, it is also possible to use a commercially available curing accelerator for 2-cyanoacrylate instant adhesives as is. A method in which adhesive is applied to the peripheral area and the cut surface is brought into contact with the adhesive, or a method in which a curing accelerator is applied from the surface of the adhesive after adhesive is applied to the outer periphery of the contact area of the cut surface. etc. will be adopted. Methods for applying the curing accelerator include immersing the scion and the base in a curing accelerator solution, dropping the curing accelerator from the opening of the curing accelerator container or tip nozzle, or spraying it with a sprayer. will be adopted.

As shown in Fig. 3, in the method of the present invention, both the rootstock and the scion can be cut at almost right angles to the stem and joined and bonded together, which is different from the complicated method shown in Fig. 5. There is no need to form a cut surface, and an extremely simple cut shape is sufficient. Of course, even when the scion and the script are cut and joined according to the conventional method, the adhesive according to the present invention can be used to fix the scion and the script without using the conventional "grafting clip" or "grafting band J". You can also do it.

The amount of adhesive applied varies depending on the circumference of the water joint.
There are no particular limitations, and adhesive can be applied to part or all of the outer periphery of the contact area to bond and fix the scion and rootstock, but it can be applied continuously around the joint. It is desirable to apply and cure the adhesive so as to completely cover the outer circumferential surface of the contact area, thereby ensuring reliable adhesion.

When the scion and the rootstock are connected and fixed, the grafting jig of the present invention is removed from the rootstock or the scion and the rootstock.

For any plant, it is desirable to join the rootstock and the scion with the same diameter, with the cut surfaces between the two, but even if the diameters of the cut surfaces are slightly different, according to the present invention, they can be brought into eccentric contact. After that, by applying the adhesive of the present invention to the non-contact portion of the cut surface, moisture evaporation and invasion of pathogens from the non-contact portion can be prevented, and the survival rate can be improved.

If the grafted seedlings are managed for 10 to 20 days, the rootstock and scion will adhere to each other. The adhesive will naturally peel off and fall off as the grafted seedling grows, so there is no need to remove the adhesive.

"Function" According to the grafting jig and the grafting method using the jig of the present invention, the above-mentioned excellent grafting method that solves the problems of the conventional grafting method has been discovered.
For large-scale work, even though the proposed grafting method using 2-cyanoacrylate-based instant adhesive is an excellent method, it is important to apply the adhesive while maintaining the positional relationship of the scion and rootstock in close contact with each other. Furthermore, applying a curing accelerator on top of it as necessary is an extremely difficult and complicated task, and the cut surfaces of the scion and script are often separated, so The grafting method proposed earlier solves the problem of adhesive flowing into the rootstock and lowering the survival rate, a problem that tends to occur especially in the case of green branches of fruit vegetables and fruit trees, where the rootstock is thin and flexible and easy to move. This provides an excellent effect of providing an excellent grafting method that stably improves the workability of the method, does not require skill, and does not cause poor rooting.

"Example" Example 1 A few days after sowing Acanthus seeds for rootstock, tomato for scion was sown. When the rootstock had 5 to 6 leaves, the stem was cut at 1CI11 above the second or third leaf of the rootstock. Tomatoes to be used as scions were cut midway between the first and second leaves. After fixing the cut upper part of the rootstock with a grafting jig, that is, a grafting holding member at the tip of the crosspiece fixed to the fixed support at the lower end, the cut surfaces of the rootstock and the scion are brought into contact with each other, A commercially available adhesive (Nearon Alpha #252 Top, manufactured by Toagosei Chemical Co., Ltd.) containing 2-cyanoacrylate added with a red dye was applied to the outer periphery of the contact area. When I applied a few drops of the same commercially available hardening accelerator (manufactured by Toagosei Kagaku Kogyo: AA Setter) on the surface of the adhesive, it cured almost instantly and the bond was fixed. The processing time is 2 seconds, the scion processing time is 2 seconds,
The bonding was completed in a total of 9 seconds, including 1 second for fixing the rootstock and 4 seconds for applying the adhesive and dropping the curing accelerator. After completion of adhesion, the script was removed from the holding member. 200 tomatoes in the same way
As a result of grafting the books and observing the rooting status two weeks later, only two trees did not take root, which was 99%. The plants that took root had good growth conditions thereafter.

Comparative Example 1 The same work as in Example 1 was carried out without using a grafting jig. Out of the 200 trees that were grafted, 42 of them failed because they did not take root properly due to adhesive flowing between the scion and the rootstock, or misalignment of the cut surfaces of the scion and rootstock. There were many. The survival rate was 79.0%.

(C) Effects of the Invention The grafting method performed using the grafting jig according to the present invention has the following advantages over the grafting method proposed previously.

1. Since the rootstock is fixed when applying the adhesive, close contact between the scion and the rootstock is ensured, resulting in a good rooting rate.

2. Since the position of the rootstock does not move, the adhesive application position is
The adhesive is applied only to the outer periphery of the contact area between the scion and the rootstock, and the adhesive is not applied to unnecessary areas, making effective use of the adhesive.

For these reasons, by using the grafting jig of the present invention, it is possible to perform a grafting method that is faster, simpler, and has a higher survival rate than the previously proposed grafting method, and is therefore more convenient for farmers, seedling growers, etc. It is greater than contributing to

The present invention can be applied to vegetables such as tomatoes, eggplants, cucumbers, melons, watermelons, and melons, fruit trees such as grapes, tangerines, and oranges, flowering trees such as roses, peaches, plums, peonies, pines, and plants such as cacti. Can be used.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a conceptual diagram of the grafting jig of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a conceptual diagram of using a chisel as a method of fixing the support of the grafting jig, and Figs. 3 and 4 are diagrams of the present invention. This figure shows the concept of the grafting method using the grafting jig of the invention, and Figure 5 shows the shape of the contact area between the scion and the rootstock in the conventional grafting method. J and B are diagrams of the "split joint method" and C are diagrams of the "call joint method". In the figure, 1 is a support, 2 is a screw for fixing the arm, 3 is a arm, 4 is a clamping member, 5 is a support for fixing the support, 6 is a scion, and 7 is a rootstock.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. For grafting, comprising a movable arm that has members that hold the rootstock or scion and is fixed at any position on the support, and a support that supports the arm. jig. 2. Fix the rootstock or both the rootstock and the scion with the holding members of the arm supported by the support, align the cut surfaces of the rootstock and the scion, and attach the 2. - A grafting method characterized by fixedly joining the rootstock and scion by applying a cyanoacrylate adhesive.