JPH0262164B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to an improvement in a measuring device for a shield machine that simultaneously measures the deflection and declination of the shield machine with respect to the planned center line of a shield tunnel in the shield construction method. be.

(Configuration of conventional example and its problems) Traditionally, in shield construction work, shield machine surveys have been carried out by irradiating a focused beam of light that projects the tunnel plan center line from behind the tunnel onto a target attached to the rear end of the shield machine. Only the deviation of the rear end of the shield machine was determined by reading the scale, and a separate inclinometer was installed to determine the declination angle.

Recently, two targets have been installed at a certain interval in the trailing pipe, and a focused beam that projects the center axis of the shield machine and the center line of the tunnel plan is irradiated onto the two targets, and the readings are calculated using calculations. Therefore, the deflection and declination of the forward position of the shield aircraft are determined.

Generally, in order to control the direction of a shield machine in tunnel excavation work using the shield method, it is necessary to know the deviation and declination of the tunnel cross-sectional direction with respect to the tunnel planning center line at the forward position on the shield machine center axis. This is because, for example, even if the center point of the rear end of the shield machine is on the tunnel plan center line, if the shield machine center axis does not match the plan center line, the tip of the shield machine, that is, the excavation part, will deviate from the plan center line. Therefore, in such a case, if the tunnel continues to be excavated, it will be excavated with a large deviation from the planned line, so simply measuring the deviation of the rear end of the shield machine will not
Accurate excavation work cannot be performed. Also, even if you measure the deflection of the rear end of the shield and the declination of the shield machine, when correcting the direction, the shield machine generally rotates around its center of gravity, so it is necessary to calculate the deflection at the center of gravity. , must be determined by experience.

In order to eliminate this problem, the applicant of the present application
As disclosed in Publication No. -12965, we have developed a measurement system that can measure deviation and declination simultaneously.

That is, in a device that measures the deflection and declination of a shield machine by irradiating a focused beam onto the planned center line of a tunnel, a pair of upper and lower reflectors each having a reflective surface in front of a convex lens that is inclined with respect to the optical axis of the convex lens is used. An upper target and a lower target having surfaces perpendicular to the optical axis of the convex lens are arranged through a mirror, and the reflective surface of the upper reflective mirror is opposed to the convex lens, and the reflective surface of the lower reflective mirror is directed upward. The above-mentioned upper target is disposed closer to the convex lens than the focal position of the convex lens, and the distance over which the converging light beam passing through the convex lens is reflected by the reflector and reaches the lower target is determined. This is a device in which the convex lens, the upper and lower reflecting mirrors, and the upper and lower targets are attached to a frame so that the focal length is equal to that of the convex lens.

However, since this device has targets arranged above and below, the vertical width of the entire device becomes large, and there is a problem in that it is difficult to install it inside a small-diameter shield machine.

(Purpose of the Invention) The present invention was made in view of these problems, and it is possible to make the entire device compact by extremely reducing not only the vertical width but also the lengthwise dimension of the tunnel. To provide a surveying device for a shield machine which can be installed to visually determine the deflection and declination of the front position of the shield machine at the same time without calculation.

(Structure of the Invention) In order to achieve the above object, the shield machine surveying device of the present invention measures the deflection and declination angle of the shield machine by irradiating a focused beam parallel to the planned line of the tunnel. A first half mirror and a second half mirror are sequentially disposed in front of the convex lens at a distance f, and positioned on the convex lens side from the focal point of the convex lens, at right angles to the optical axis of the convex lens. Place the target closely on the mirror, and set the distance between the target and the focal point of the convex lens to f ² /(f+L) (where L is the distance between the convex lens and the point to be measured), and the distance between the target and the second half mirror. The distance is X/2n (where, X is the distance between the focus of the first half mirror and the convex lens, and n is a positive integer)
It is configured to measure the deflection and declination angle at a position on the optical axis at a distance L forward from the convex lens.

(Description of Embodiments) An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 2, the surveying device 1 of the present invention is attached to the rear end of a shield machine 2, and This method measures the deviation of the tunnel cross-sectional direction with respect to the tunnel plan center line 4 at the measured point A on 3, and the deviation angle of the shield machine center axis with respect to the tunnel plan center line direction. This is done by irradiating a focused light beam generated from a light beam generator 5 that projects the center of the tunnel plan onto the surveying device 1 attached on the center axis of the shield machine at the rear end of the shield machine.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the surveying device 1 includes:
A convex lens 6 is disposed at a proper position on the frame 1a, and a translucent target 8 such as ground glass is placed at a distance X from the focal point 7 of the convex lens 6 toward the convex lens 6. The scale plate 11 is placed in close contact with the front surface of the target 8, with the center of the scale aligned with the optical axis, and a convex lens. A first half mirror 10 is arranged on the rear surface (opposing surface) of the 6th side with its vapor deposition surface in close contact with each other.

Furthermore, between the target 8 and the convex lens 6,
A second half mirror 9 is disposed in series parallel to the target 8 at a distance of x/2 from the target 8.

The distance X mentioned above is the dimension from the lens surface of the target 8 to the focal point of the convex lens 6, and the vapor deposition surface of the second half mirror 9 is disposed at a distance of x/2 from the target 8.

Further, a light source 12 is disposed on the side of the scale plate 11 so that light enters the scale plate 11 and is totally reflected within the scale plate 11 so that only the scale lines 13 are illuminated.

14 is the front of the scale plate 11 (on the opposite side from the convex lens)
The scale 13 is read by a television camera installed at the

The convex lens 6 is fitted onto the inner circumferential surface of an annular holding member 17, and this holding member 17 is screwed into a threaded portion 16 provided on the inner circumferential surface of the frame 1a so as to be movable in the optical axis direction. 8 can be adjusted.

Further, the target 8 is fixed within the frame 1a and attached to a support tube 20, and a holder 18 of the second half mirror 9 is attached to the inner peripheral surface of the support tube 20 so as to be movable and adjustable in the optical axis direction. There is.

The measuring device 1 configured as described above is attached to the rear end of the shield machine 2 as described above, so that the optical axis 19 of the convex lens 5 coincides with the central axis 3 of the shield machine as shown in FIG. Measure the amount of deviation in the tunnel cross-sectional direction from the tunnel plan center line 4 at the measured point A on the central axis 3 of the shield machine located at a distance L from the convex lens 6 in front of the shield machine, and the declination angle of the shield machine. It is something.

Now, a case will be described in which the central axis 3 of the shield machine is inclined by an angle α with respect to the tunnel planning center line 4, and there is no deviation at the measured point A in front of the shield machine.

When the focused light beam C generated from the focused light beam generating device 5 and projecting the tunnel plan center line is inclined by an angle α with respect to the shield machine central axis 3, the focused light beam C is inclined between the shield machine central axis 3 and the convex lens. When passing through a convex lens 6 having the same optical axis 19 and a focal length f, the converged light beam C is refracted and passes through the second half mirror 9, and then the first half mirror 1.
0 and a part of it is reflected, and the reflected ray becomes the second
The remaining light rays pass toward the half mirror 9.

All of the rays of light that are incident parallel to the optical axis 19 of the convex lens 6 will converge at a focal point on a plane perpendicular to the optical axis at the focal position of the convex lens 6 if there are no other obstacles when they pass through the first half mirror 10. All rays incident at an angle α pass through point B, which is distanced from the focal point 7 by f.tan α.

Also, if the intersection of the convergent ray C refracted through the convex lens 6 and the optical axis 19 of the convex lens 6 is A', and the distance between the convex lens 6 and the measured point A is L, then the focal point of the convex lens 6 at point A' is The distance X from position 7 is f ² /(f
+L). In this equation, since f and L are constants, X is also a constant, and point A' represents the deviation of point A to be measured.

Therefore, at a distance X from the focal point 7, the convex lens 6
The light spot irradiated on the target 8 that first passed through the first half mirror 10 disposed on the side is reflected by the scale plate 1.
The position is read by the scale 13 of 1.
The light spot represents the deviation of the point A to be measured, and the amount of deviation is reduced to a distance M that is s·f/(f+L) from the center of the scale plate 11. For this reason, scale plate 1
If we attach concentric circles with radius s'・f/(f+L) (S' represents numerical values at constant intervals such as 1 cm, 2 cm, etc.) as the center point of By reading it, the amount of deviation at the measured point A can be immediately determined.

Next, some of the light rays reflected by the first half mirror 10 reach the second half mirror 9 and pass through, but the remaining light rays are reflected by the second half mirror 9 and pass through the second half mirror 9. Reach mirror 10. The light beam that has passed through the first half mirror 10 is irradiated as a light spot on the target 8, and by repeating such reflection and passage, the light spots are formed on the target 8 as points at regular intervals in the direction of the incident angle. Irradiation appears on a straight line.

At this time, if the distance between the first half mirror 10 and the second half mirror 9 is x/2, the light is reflected once by the second half mirror 9, reaches the first half mirror 10, and irradiates the target 8. Spot of light, i.e.
The second light spot B' on the target 8 is equal to the light spot at a point passing the distance X from the first half mirror 10, that is, the light spot B below the focal point 7 described above. The distance from the optical axis of this second light point B' is the same as that of the point B.

Therefore, it is distanced from the optical axis by f・tan α,
If the scale plate 11 is marked with concentric graduations with a radius of f tan α (α represents angles at constant intervals of 5°, 10°, etc.) with the center of the scale plate as the center point, the irradiation point can be adjusted. By reading the scale, the deflection angle α of the shield machine can be immediately determined.

Note that if the distance between the first and second half mirrors 9 and 10 is not only x/2 but also x/2n (n is a positive integer), the target will be irradiated (n+
1) The th light spot will represent the angle α.

The light spots irradiated onto the target 8 in this way are lined up in a straight line sequentially at regular intervals in the direction of incidence from the first light spot, but the size and brightness of these light spots are also constant. Change is occurring.

In other words, the size gradually decreases up to the (n+1)th, but gradually increases after the (n+2)th, while the brightness is determined by the relationship between the degree of light transmission through the half mirror and the degree of convergence of the light by the lens. n
+1) The change is not clear up to the (n
+2) and onward are gradually reduced. Based on the relationship between the size of the light spot and the brightness, the television camera 14 can distinguish the 1st and (n+1)th light spots together with the scale 13 raised by the light source 12, and the deviation (larger 1st) (light spot) and declination angle (the smallest (n+1)th light spot) can be read.

Moreover, by appropriately adjusting the distance l between the convex lens 6 and the second half mirror 9, that is, l=
By maintaining the relationship f−n−1/n×f ² /f+L, it is possible to respond to changes in the measured point A of the shield machine.

Furthermore, by using a photoelectric detection device with fixed coordinates as the target 8, deviation and declination can be measured electrically, and it can also be used for automatic operation of the shield.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the shield machine surveying device of the present invention, it is possible to simultaneously measure the deflection and declination of the front part of the shield machine with one device, and also to measure the deflection and declination of the front part of the shield machine simultaneously. Since it is placed closer to the lens than the focal length of the lens, the overall length of the device can be shortened.Furthermore, since both deflection and declination can be measured with a single target, the device The overall width can be made small, making the whole compact and easy to install on a small-diameter shield machine.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 1 is a vertical side view thereof, Fig. 2 is a simplified side view showing the surveying state, Fig. 3 is a diagram explaining the principle, and Fig. 4 is a front view of the target. be. 1...Surveying equipment, 4...Tunnel planning center line,
5... Focused beam generator, 6... Convex lens, 8...
Target, 9...Second half mirror, 10...
1st half mirror.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a device that measures the deflection and declination of a shield machine by irradiating a focused beam parallel to the planned line of a tunnel, a device is installed in front of a convex lens with a focus rejection f and located on the side of the convex lens from the focal point of the convex lens. The first half mirror and the second half mirror are sequentially disposed perpendicular to the optical axis of the convex lens, and a target is closely disposed on the first half mirror, and the distance between the target and the focal point of the convex lens is f ² /(f+
L) (where L is the distance between the convex lens and the measured point),
The target is arranged so that the distance between the target and the second half mirror is X/2n (where X is the distance between the focus of the first half mirror and the convex lens, and n is a positive integer). Shield machine surveying device.