JPS5912965B2 - Shield machine surveying equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improvement in a shield machine surveying device that simultaneously measures the deflection and declination angle of the shield machine with respect to the planned center line of a shield tunnel in a shield construction method.

Traditionally, shield machine surveys in shield construction work have been carried out using
To determine the declination angle, irradiate the target attached to the rear end of the shield machine with a focused beam that projects the tunnel plan center line from behind the tunnel, read the scale of the target, and determine only the deviation of the rear end of the shield machine. A separate inclinometer was installed.

Recently, two targets are installed at a certain interval in the trailing tube, and a focused beam that projects the shield machine center axis and tunnel plan center line is irradiated onto the two targets, and the shield is determined by calculation from the readings. The deflection and yaw angle of the aircraft's forward position are determined.

Generally, in order to control the direction of a shield machine in tunnel excavation work using the shield method, it is necessary to know the yaw and yaw angle in the tunnel cross-sectional direction with respect to the tunnel planning centerline at the forward position on the shield machine's center axis.

For example, even if the rear end center point of the shield machine is on the tunnel plan center line, if the shield machine center axis does not match the plan center line, the tip of the shield machine, that is, the excavation part, will deviate from the plan center line. In such a case, if the tunnel continues to be excavated as it is, the tunnel will be excavated with a large deviation from the planned line. Therefore, simply measuring the deviation of the rear end of the shield machine will not allow accurate excavation work. Can not.

Also, even if you measure the back end of the shield and the deflection angle of the shield machine, when making direction corrections, the shield machine generally rotates around its center of gravity, so it is necessary to calculate the deflection at the center of gravity. , must be determined by experience.

Also, if you use two targets attached to the trailing tube,
Although the above problem is solved, two targets must be installed at the center of the trailing pipe, and especially when excavating with a shield machine that is not automatically operated, the targets can become an obstacle during excavation operations, etc. Not only is efficiency reduced, but there is also the inconvenience that the deflection and declination of the shield aircraft cannot be determined without calculation, and in a segment type shield tunnel, the target must be moved as the shield aircraft advances. Furthermore, when performing remote surveying using a television camera, there are drawbacks such as the need to move the camera.

The present invention has been made in order to eliminate such drawbacks, and is designed to be attached to a shield machine so that the deviation and declination of the position in front of the shield machine can be determined simultaneously by visual observation without calculation. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a surveying device using a shield machine.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. This method measures the deflection of the tunnel cross-sectional direction with respect to the tunnel plan center line 4 and the deviation angle of the shield machine center axis with respect to the tunnel plan center line direction. This is done by irradiating a focused beam of light that projects the center of the plan onto the surveying device 1 installed on the center axis of the shield machine at the rear end of the shield machine.

As shown in FIG.
2, a first target 6 is disposed at right angles to the optical axis of the convex lens 5, and a second target 7 is disposed at an appropriate position between the target 6 and the convex lens 5, and the first target 6 The targets 6 and 7 are arranged parallel to each other in series, and the center points of the targets 6 and 7 are aligned with the optical axis of the convex lens 5.

Further, the convex lens 5 and the first target 6 are fixed to a frame 8, and the second target 7 is movable in the optical axis direction of the convex lens 5 by an adjustment tool 9 attached to the frame 8.

The measuring device 1 configured as described above is attached to the rear end of the shield machine 2 as described above, so that the optical axis 23 of the convex lens 5 coincides with the central axis 24 of the shield machine as shown in FIG. Measures the deviation position in the tunnel cross-sectional direction from the tunnel plan center line 4 at the measured point 3A on the central axis 24 of the shield machine located at a distance L from the convex lens 5 in front of the shield machine and the declination angle of the shield machine. It is.

Now, a case will be described in which the central axis 24 of the shield machine is inclined by an angle α with respect to the tunnel planning center line 4, and there is no crying at the measured point 3A in front of the shield machine.

A focused light beam C generated from the focused light beam generating device 21 and projecting the tunnel plan center line is projected onto the shield machine center axis 24.
When the convergent light beam C is tilted by an angle α, the convergent light beam C makes the shield machine center axis 24 coincide with the optical axis 23 of the convex lens 5, and when it passes through the convex lens 5 having a focal length f, the convergent light beam C is refracted. Irradiate targets 6 and 7.

In this case, since the first target 6 is located at the focal point 22 of the convex lens 5, all of the light rays that are incident parallel to the optical axis 23 of the convex lens 5 converge at the center of the target 6, but the first target 6 is incident at an angle α. All the light rays that do so converge at a point B that is distanced from the center of the target 6 by ftanα.

Therefore, the radius of the target 6 is ftan α'(α' is 5°, 10°,
If a scale of concentric circles is attached (representing angles at regular intervals), the deflection angle α of the shielding machine can be immediately determined by reading the scale of the irradiation point.

Further, if the intersection of the convergent ray C refracted through the convex lens 5 and the optical axis 23 of the convex lens 5 is A', and the distance between the convex lens 5 and the measured point 3A is L, then A/point of the convex lens 5 is The distance X from the focus position 22, that is, the position of the first target 6 is f
2/(f+L).

In this equation, since f and L are constants, X is also a constant, and the N point represents the deviation of the measured point 3A.

Therefore, if the second target 7 is set at point A' via the adjustment tool 9, the deviation amount S at the measured point 3A is distanced from the center of the second target 7 by S-f/(f+L). It is expressed as a reduced distance M.

Therefore, as the center point of the second target 7, the radius S'-f
/(f+L) (S' is 1 crIL-2crIL-
If a scale of concentric circles with . .

In the above embodiment, the position of the second target 7 is
Since the convex lens 5 can be moved and adjusted in the direction of the optical axis 23 by the adjustment tool 9, it can be used even if the distance from the convex lens 5 to the measured point 3A changes.

Note that in order to read the scales on the targets 6 and T, a viewing window 20 is provided in the frame 8, but in order to irradiate each target, the second target 7 may be made detachable. Alternatively, the second target 7 may be a semi-transparent plate so that the first target 6 is also irradiated with the focused light beam C.

FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of Akane Akane, in which two upper and lower reflecting mirrors 10 are disposed between the convex lens 5 and the target 6.7.
and 11 are arranged parallel to each other and inclined at an appropriate angle with respect to the optical axis of the convex lens 5, with the reflecting surface of the upper reflecting mirror 10 facing the convex lens 5, and the reflecting mirror 11
The reflecting surface of the upper reflecting mirror 10 is opposed to the reflecting surface of the upper reflecting mirror 10, and the upper target 7 is disposed in front of the upper reflecting mirror 10 at an appropriate interval, and the upper target 7 is arranged in front of the lower reflecting mirror 11 at a constant distance. The lower targets 6 are arranged with a gap between them, and these are attached to the frame 8.

9 is an adjustment tool for the target 7.

As shown in FIG. 6, the converging light beam C that has passed through the convex lens 5 is reflected by the reflecting mirrors 10 and 11 so that the distance to the lower target 6 is equal to the focal length f of the convex lens 5. 5 and the target 6 in the optical axis direction of the convex lens 5.
1 is the distance between the optical axis 23 of the convex lens 5 and the reflecting mirror 10.
, 11 is assumed to be β, so that y=21) sin β.

Also, the center of the scale of the target 6 and the optical axis 23 of the convex lens 5
The distance E is 2 DCO3β, and the target is 6.7
It should be larger than 1/2 of the total width of .

By arranging the two reflective tv10 t 11 and the target 6 in this way, the targets 6 and 7 can be arranged one above the other, and the distance X from the focal point 22 of the convex lens 5 to the target 7 can be y =
2 Dsin β = (shown in figure).

In addition, in the case of Y\X, there is no need to move the target 6 even if the measured point 3A changes, but in the case of Y=X, the inclination angle β of the reflection a10°11 with respect to the optical axis of the convex lens 5 ,
Alternatively, by changing the mutual spacing between the imaging mirrors, it is possible to move the target 6 to be equal to the change in X due to the change in the measured point 3A, that is, the movement of the target 7.

The target 6.7 is moved by means of an adjustment tool 9.

For example, image shooting! 10 and 11 are rotatably supported at a fixed point 25, the optical axis of the convex lens 5 and the reflecting mirror 10.1
1 can be changed, and if the mutual interval between the fixed points 25 is F, then the relationship Y=X-sin2β is established.

It is also possible to keep the angle β constant and move only one of the reflecting mirrors in the optical axis direction, and if the distance between the defining mirrors in the optical axis direction is G, then the relationship tonnage of Y=X−2GS1n2α .

In the above embodiment, if the upper reflecting mirror 10 is for total reflection, the focused light beam will not be irradiated onto the upper target 7 unless the reflecting mirror 10 is made detachable. However, if the reflecting mirror 10 is a half mirror, , both targets can be irradiated simultaneously.

The surveying principle of this embodiment is similar to the previous embodiment.

Next, FIG. 8 shows still another embodiment of the present invention, in which a convex lens 5 and targets 6, 7 are arranged close to the target 6, 7, and each surface is formed into a flat surface. A prism 27 having a substantially rhombic cross section is disposed, and targets 6.7 are integrally disposed one above the other on the same plane, and two opposing parts 27a and 27b of the prism 27 are exposed to the light from the convex lens 5. The other two surfaces 27c and 27d, which are parallel to the target 6.7 and face each other, are tilted at an appropriate angle with respect to the optical axis of the convex lens 5 and the target 6.7, so that the surface 27c is a half mirror. , the surface 27d is a total reflection mirror.

Reference numeral 12 denotes a reflecting mirror disposed in front of the target 6.7 at an appropriate interval, and its reflecting surface is inclined at an appropriate angle to face the target 6.7.

Reference numeral 13 denotes another reflecting mirror disposed above the reflecting mirror a12 at an appropriate interval, and its reflecting surface is tilted at an appropriate angle to reflect mirror 1.
2 and a television camera 14 set on the upper surface of the frame 8 in the direction of movement of the shield machine.

In this way, the scale of the target 6.7 can be imaged onto the television camera via the reflectors 12 and 13.

Note that when projecting a focused beam using an optical projector such as a laser beam, it is desirable to use a neutral density filter 15 in front of the target 6.7.

Alternatively, the target 6.7 may be integrated with scale marks at two locations.

As described above, the present invention provides a device for measuring the deflection and declination of a shield machine by irradiating a focused beam onto the center line of a tunnel plan, in which a surface perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens is provided in front of the convex lens. The present invention relates to a shield surveying device which is integrally constructed by disposing two targets, at least one of which is located at a position corresponding to the focal length of the convex lens, and which are attached to a frame. Therefore, it has various features as described below.

(a) It is possible to measure the deflection and declination of the front part of the shield machine simultaneously with one device.

(b) Compared to the conventional survey method in which two targets are attached to the trailing pipe, it has the following effects.

(1) Does not interfere with other work.

(II) Since it is attached to the shield machine, there is no need to move the target.

(I) Accurate surveying is possible because there are few moving parts.

(C) Since it can be reduced using a lens, the device becomes more compact.

(a) By attaching a television camera to the same device, remote surveying can be performed without moving the camera.

(e) Simple structure and easy adjustment.

(f) Can be used for excavating all shield tunnels such as small diameter tunnels.

(g) With simple adjustments, deviations and declinations can be measured at many points in front of the shield aircraft.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a side view showing the installation state of the surveying device of the present invention in a tunnel.
Fig. 2 is a simplified longitudinal sectional view showing one embodiment of the surveying device, Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the principle of the surveying device in Fig. 2, Fig. 4 is a front view of the target, and Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the principle of the surveying device in Fig. 2. A simplified vertical sectional view showing another embodiment, FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the surveying principle in FIG. 5, and FIG. 7 shows an embodiment in which the target is integrated and arranged on the same plane as in FIG. 5. FIG. 8 is a simplified longitudinal sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention. 1...Surveying equipment, 2...Shield machine,
4... Tunnel plan center line, 5... Convex lens, 6, 7... Target, 8...
・Frame body, 23... Optical axis of convex lens, C...
...Focused rays.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. In a device for measuring the deflection and declination of a shield machine by irradiating a focused beam onto the planned center line of a tunnel, in front of a convex lens there is provided an object perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens. A surveying shield machine characterized in that two targets are arranged, at least one of the targets is arranged at a position corresponding to the focal length of the convex lens, and the two targets are attached to a frame body and configured integrally. Device. 2. A second target is disposed in series at an appropriate position between the first target disposed at the focal position of the convex lens and the convex lens so as to be movable in the optical axis direction of the convex lens. shield machine surveying equipment. 3. In a device that measures the deflection and declination of a shield machine by irradiating a focused beam onto the planned center line of a tunnel, a pair of upper and lower reflecting mirrors is provided in front of a convex lens and has a reflecting surface inclined with respect to the optical axis of the convex lens. An upper target and a lower target having surfaces perpendicular to the optical axis of the convex lens are disposed through the convex lens, and the reflection direction of the upper reflector is made to face the convex lens, and the reflection surface of the lower reflector is made to face the above-mentioned convex lens. The convex lens is arranged to face the reflective surface of the reflective mirror, and further disposes the upper target closer to the convex lens than the focal point of the convex lens, and the condensed lens has a distance that the focused light beam that has passed through the convex lens is reflected by the reflective mirror and reaches the lower target. What is claimed is: 1. A shield machine surveying device, characterized in that a convex lens, upper and lower reflectors, and upper and lower targets are integrally constructed by attaching them to a frame so that the focal length is equal to the focal length of the shield plane. 4. A surveying device for a shield machine according to claim 3, wherein two upper and lower targets are disposed as one unit on the same plane, and the upper reflecting mirror is a half mirror. 5. In a device that measures the deflection and declination of a shield machine by irradiating a focused beam onto the planned center line of a tunnel, an upper target and a lower target having surfaces perpendicular to the optical axis of the convex lens are placed in front of the convex lens. A prism having a substantially rhombic cross section with each surface formed into a flat surface is disposed close to the upper and lower targets between the convex lens and these upper and lower targets, and the two opposing surfaces of the prism are Each plane is perpendicular to the optical axis of the convex lens and parallel to the target, the other two opposing surfaces are tilted at an appropriate angle with respect to the optical axis of the convex lens and the upper and lower targets, and one of these two surfaces is a total reflection mirror. A surveying device for a shield machine, characterized in that the other side is configured to be a half mirror, and these convex lenses, upper and lower targets, and a prism are attached to a frame and configured integrally. 6. A surveying device for a shield machine according to claim 5, which integrates two upper and lower targets.