JPH01281678A - Battery with nonaqueous electrolyte - Google Patents

Battery with nonaqueous electrolyte

Info

Publication number
JPH01281678A
JPH01281678A JP11193788A JP11193788A JPH01281678A JP H01281678 A JPH01281678 A JP H01281678A JP 11193788 A JP11193788 A JP 11193788A JP 11193788 A JP11193788 A JP 11193788A JP H01281678 A JPH01281678 A JP H01281678A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
battery
organic solvent
dimethyl
solvent
electrolyte
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP11193788A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2726269B2 (en
Inventor
Kenichi Shinoda
健一 篠田
Kohei Yamamoto
浩平 山本
Yoshiro Harada
吉郎 原田
Masakazu Kitakata
北方 雅一
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FDK Corp
Original Assignee
FDK Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FDK Corp filed Critical FDK Corp
Priority to JP63111937A priority Critical patent/JP2726269B2/en
Publication of JPH01281678A publication Critical patent/JPH01281678A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2726269B2 publication Critical patent/JP2726269B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/16Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
    • H01M6/162Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
    • H01M6/164Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte by the solvent

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve safety by using a mixture of 1,3 dimethyl-2-imidazolizinon and an organic solvent of a low viscosity as an organic solvent. CONSTITUTION:As an organic solvent, a mixture of 1,3 dimethyl-2-imidazolizinon and an organic solvent of a low viscosity is used. As the solvent of a low viscosity to be mixed and used with the 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolizinon, that containing one or two out of, for example, dimethoxyethane, dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, diethoxyethane, ethoxymethoxyethane, etc., is used. The 1,3 dimethyl-2- imidazolizinon is of a high dielectric constant and its boiling point and flame point is respectively as high as 225 deg.C and 107 deg.C. Thus provides a battery of higher safety.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〈産業上の利用分野〉 この発明は、リチウムやナトリウムなどの軽金属を負極
活物質とする非水電解液電池に関するものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using a light metal such as lithium or sodium as a negative electrode active material.

〈従来の技術〉 この種の非水電解液電池、例えばリチウム電池は、軽量
で高エネルギー密度な電池であり、筒形スパイラル形、
筒形インサイドアウト形。
<Prior art> This type of non-aqueous electrolyte battery, such as a lithium battery, is a lightweight, high-energy-density battery, and has a cylindrical spiral type,
Cylindrical inside-out type.

コイン形あるいはビン形などの各種の形式のらのが広く
用いられている。
Various types of lanterns, such as coin-shaped or bottle-shaped, are widely used.

これらの電池では、非水系の有機溶媒に、電解質として
アルカリ金属塩を溶解して作った電解液を用いている。
These batteries use an electrolytic solution prepared by dissolving an alkali metal salt as an electrolyte in a non-aqueous organic solvent.

このうち、有機溶媒としては、電解質であるアルカリ金
属塩の溶解度が高く、また高誘電率で低粘度を示すもの
でなければならない、また、安全性の点から、引火点が
高いことなどが必要となる。
Among these, the organic solvent must have a high solubility for the alkali metal salt that is the electrolyte, a high dielectric constant, and a low viscosity.Also, from the viewpoint of safety, it must have a high flash point. becomes.

現用の電池では、一般に、このような高誘電率溶媒とし
てプロピレンカーボネイトが多用されており、このプロ
ピレンカーボネイトを単独またはジメトキシエタン、テ
トラしドロフランなどの有機溶媒と混合して用いている
In current batteries, propylene carbonate is generally frequently used as such a high dielectric constant solvent, and propylene carbonate is used alone or in combination with an organic solvent such as dimethoxyethane or tetrahydrofuran.

〈発明が解決しようとする課題〉 しかしながら、このようにプロピレンカーボネイト<p
c>と一部の低粘度有機溶媒、及び一部の溶質の組合わ
せ、例えば、PCとジメトキシエタンとの混合溶媒、P
Cとジェトキシエタンとの混合溶媒、あるいはPCとエ
トキシメトキシエタンとの混合溶媒等に、溶質としてL
iCF3SO3を溶解させた非水電解液を用いた場合、
保存中の開路電圧(OCV)あるいは内部抵抗〈RAo
)等に異常がみられるという問題があった。
<Problem to be solved by the invention> However, in this way, propylene carbonate < p
c>, some low viscosity organic solvents, and some solutes, for example, a mixed solvent of PC and dimethoxyethane, P
L as a solute in a mixed solvent of C and jetoxyethane, or a mixed solvent of PC and ethoxymethoxyethane, etc.
When using a non-aqueous electrolyte in which iCF3SO3 is dissolved,
Open circuit voltage (OCV) or internal resistance during storage <RAo
), etc., there was a problem that abnormalities were observed.

く課題を解決するための手段〉 この発明の非水電解液電池は、リチウムやナトリウム等
の軽金属を活物質とする負極と、正極と、有機溶媒にT
h解質を溶解してなる非水電解液とを備え、前記有機溶
媒として、1,3ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノンと低
粘度有機溶媒とを混合したものを用いたことを要旨とす
る。
Means for Solving the Problems> The non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention includes a negative electrode using a light metal such as lithium or sodium as an active material, a positive electrode, and an organic solvent containing T.
h, and a non-aqueous electrolytic solution formed by dissolving a solute, and a mixture of 1,3 dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone and a low-viscosity organic solvent is used as the organic solvent.

上記の1.3ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノンは下式で
示される5員環化合物である。
The above 1.3 dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone is a 5-membered ring compound represented by the following formula.

CH−CH2 /    \ H2O−N      N−CH2 X    / そして、この1,3ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノンと
混合して用いる低粘度の有機溶媒としては、例えば、ジ
メトキシエタン、ジオキソラン、テトラヒドロフラン、
ジェトキシエタン。
CH-CH2 / \ H2O-N N-CH2
Jetoxyethane.

エトキシメトキシエタンなどから運ばれる1種または2
種以上を含んだものを用いることができる。
Type 1 or 2 transported from ethoxymethoxyethane, etc.
Those containing more than one species can be used.

また、本発明の有機溶媒に溶解する電解質としては、例
えば、LiClO4,Li PF6゜L I B F 
4 、 L t A s F 6 、 L I S b
 F 6 。
Further, as the electrolyte dissolved in the organic solvent of the present invention, for example, LiClO4, Li PF6゜L I B F
4, L t As F 6, L I S b
F6.

LiCF3SO3等から選ばれる1種または2種以上の
アルカリ金属塩を使用することができる。
One or more alkali metal salts selected from LiCF3SO3 and the like can be used.

く作用〉 本発明で用いる1、3ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノン
は、高誘電率で、また沸点、引火点がそれぞれ225℃
、107℃と高い有機溶媒である。
1,3 dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone used in the present invention has a high dielectric constant and a boiling point and a flash point of 225°C.
, 107°C, which is a high organic solvent.

このためこれを使用した非水電解液を用いることで、電
池性能が高く、また安全性が高い電池を得ることができ
る。
Therefore, by using a nonaqueous electrolyte using this, a battery with high battery performance and high safety can be obtained.

また、この1,3ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノン自体
は粘性が高くまた融点が高い(8,2℃)ので、単独で
は電解液の有機溶媒としては使用できず、上記のように
低粘度有機溶媒と混合して使用する訳である。
In addition, this 1,3 dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone itself has a high viscosity and a high melting point (8.2°C), so it cannot be used alone as an organic solvent for an electrolyte, and as mentioned above, it cannot be used as an organic solvent for an electrolytic solution. It is used by mixing it with a solvent.

そして、この1.3ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノン(
DMI)とジェトキシエタン、及びDMIとジオキソラ
ンの好ましい混合比率を探索するため、この混合比率を
種々変えた混合溶媒に溶質としてLiClO4あるいは LiCF3SO3をそれぞれ溶解させた溶液の導電率の
変化を調査した。
And this 1.3 dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (
In order to explore the preferred mixing ratios of DMI) and jetoxyethane, and DMI and dioxolane, we investigated changes in the conductivity of solutions in which LiClO4 or LiCF3SO3 were dissolved as solutes in mixed solvents with various mixing ratios.

第3図は、上記溶質をジェトキシエタンとDMIの混合
溶媒に1  io1/ぶ溶解させ、また溶媒中のジェト
キシエタンとDMIの混合比率を種々変えた場合におけ
る20℃での溶液の導電率を変化を示したしのである。
Figure 3 shows the change in conductivity of the solution at 20°C when the above solute was dissolved in a mixed solvent of jetoxyethane and DMI at a rate of 1 io1/d, and the mixing ratio of jetoxyethane and DMI in the solvent was varied. It is Tashino.

一方第4図は、上記溶質をジオキソランとDMIの混合
溶媒にl  l1ol/i溶解させ、また溶媒中のジオ
キソランとDMIの混合比率を種々変えた場合における
20℃での溶液の導電率の変化を示したしのである。
On the other hand, Figure 4 shows the change in conductivity of the solution at 20°C when the above solute was dissolved in a mixed solvent of dioxolane and DMI, and the mixing ratio of dioxolane and DMI in the solvent was varied. This is what I showed you.

これらいずれの場合ら、DMIと混合するジェトキシエ
タンやジオキソラン等の低粘度溶媒の量(容積%)は、
およそ50%付近が良いことが判る。
In any of these cases, the amount (volume %) of a low viscosity solvent such as jetoxyethane or dioxolane to be mixed with DMI is
It turns out that around 50% is good.

〈実施例〉 以下に、この発明をリチウム電池に適用した実施例を詳
細に説明する。
<Example> Below, an example in which the present invention is applied to a lithium battery will be described in detail.

1.3ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノン(D M■)と
ジオキソランとを体積比で1:1の割合で混合した有機
溶媒に、電解質として LiCF3SO3を1  nol/Jl溶解させて、本
発明に係わる非水電解液を作製した。
1.3 LiCF3SO3 as an electrolyte is dissolved in an organic solvent containing a mixture of dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DM■) and dioxolane at a volume ratio of 1:1 at a concentration of 1 nol/Jl to produce a solution according to the present invention. A non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared.

そして、二酸化マンガンを主成分とし、導電剤としての
炭素粉末及びバインダーを加えた混合粉末をコイン状に
加圧成形して作製した正極合剤1を、第1図に示したよ
うに、有底短円筒状でステンレス製の電池缶2の内底面
に載置し、正極合剤上面から上記の非水電解液を注入し
、次いでこの正極合剤1の上面に、ポリエチレン不織布
製のセパレータ3、リチウム負極4、並びにステンレス
製の端子板5を順次配し、更に電池缶開口部を内方に折
曲し、電池缶周縁部内側と端子板周縁部との間に位置さ
せた合成樹脂製の封口ガスケット6をこれら周縁部で挾
圧し封口して、図示した通りの本発明のCR2430形
の電池(電池■)を作製した。
Then, as shown in FIG. 1, a positive electrode mixture 1 was prepared by pressure-molding a mixed powder containing manganese dioxide as a main component, carbon powder as a conductive agent, and a binder into a coin shape. It is placed on the inner bottom surface of a short cylindrical battery can 2 made of stainless steel, and the above-mentioned non-aqueous electrolyte is injected from the top surface of the positive electrode mixture 1, and then a separator 3 made of polyethylene nonwoven fabric is placed on the top surface of the positive electrode mixture 1. A lithium negative electrode 4 and a stainless steel terminal plate 5 are sequentially arranged, the opening of the battery can is bent inward, and the battery case is placed between the inner side of the periphery of the battery can and the periphery of the terminal plate. The sealing gasket 6 was clamped and sealed by these peripheral parts to produce a CR2430 type battery (battery 2) of the present invention as shown in the figure.

また、電解液として、DMIとジェトキシエタンとを体
積比で1:1の割合で混合した有橘溶媒に、LiCぶ0
4をl  mol/ぶ溶解させた本発明の非水電解液を
用いた他は同様にして、同じ(CR2430形の電池(
電池■)を作製した。
In addition, as an electrolytic solution, a LiCl solution was added to an organic solvent in which DMI and jetoxyethane were mixed at a volume ratio of 1:1.
The same method was used except that the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention in which 1 mol/volume of 4 was dissolved was used (CR2430 type battery (
A battery (■) was produced.

更にプロピレンカーボネイトとジメトキシエタンとを体
積比でに1で混合した有機溶媒にLiCF3SO3をl
  mol/ぶ溶解させた非水電解液を用いた他は同様
な電池■、並びに、プロピレンカーボネイトとジェトキ
シエタンとを体積比で1=1で混合した有機溶媒に L iCF 3 S Osを1  mol/J!溶解さ
せた井水電解液を用いた池は同様な電池■を、それぞれ
作製した。
Furthermore, 1 l of LiCF3SO3 was added to an organic solvent in which propylene carbonate and dimethoxyethane were mixed at a volume ratio of 1.
A similar battery (■) except that a non-aqueous electrolyte dissolved in mol/J was used, and 1 mol/J of LiCF 3 S Os was added to an organic solvent prepared by mixing propylene carbonate and jetoxyethane at a volume ratio of 1=1. ! A similar battery (2) using dissolved well water electrolyte was fabricated.

以上の電池を、60°Cにて40日保存した後、20℃
にて放電抵抗5にΩで連続放電させ、放電時間(時間)
と各電池の端子電圧(V)の変化を調べた。結果は第2
図の通りであり、本発明の電池■1■の放電性能が格段
に優れている。
After storing the above batteries at 60°C for 40 days,
Continuously discharge at Ω to the discharge resistor 5, and discharge time (hours)
and changes in the terminal voltage (V) of each battery were investigated. The result is second
As shown in the figure, the discharge performance of the battery (1) of the present invention is extremely excellent.

尚、以上は電解液に溶解する溶質としてLiCF  S
O、あるいはL i C104を用いた例であるが、そ
の池のアルカリ金属塩を単独または混合して用いた場合
も同様ないし次善の効果が得られることは明らかである
In addition, in the above, LiCF S is used as a solute dissolved in the electrolyte.
In this example, O or L i C104 is used, but it is clear that the same or the next best effect can be obtained when the same alkali metal salts are used alone or in combination.

また、上記した実施例では、正極活物質に二酸化マンガ
ンを、また負極活物質にはリチウムをそれぞれ用いた例
であるが、正極活物質として、フッ化カーボン、MoO
3やCuO等の金属酸化物、CuSやNi3S2などの
金属硫化物等を、また負極活物質にはナトリウムやカリ
ウムなどのその他の軽金属をそれぞれ用いた場合にも同
様な結果が得られる。
Furthermore, in the above embodiment, manganese dioxide was used as the positive electrode active material, and lithium was used as the negative electrode active material, but carbon fluoride, MoO
Similar results can be obtained when metal oxides such as 3 and CuO, metal sulfides such as CuS and Ni3S2, and other light metals such as sodium and potassium are used as the negative electrode active material.

更に、以上はコイン形電池についての例であるが、筒型
スパイラル形、frJ形イフィンサイドアウト形るいは
ビン形などの他の形式の電池の場合にも同様な結果が得
られることは言うまでもない。
Further, although the above is an example of a coin-shaped battery, it goes without saying that similar results can be obtained with other types of batteries such as a cylindrical spiral type, frJ type IFFIN side-out type, or bottle type. stomach.

〈発明の効果〉 以上のように、この発明によれば、電池性能が高く、ま
た安全性の高い電池を提供することができる。
<Effects of the Invention> As described above, according to the present invention, a battery with high battery performance and high safety can be provided.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図はこの発明の実施例の電池の断面図、第2図は実
施例の電池などの放電特性を示したグラフ、第3.4図
は本発明の電池の電解液として用いる溶液の導電率を示
したグラフである。 1・・・正極、2・・・電池缶、3・・・セパレータ、
4・・・負極。 第 1 図 第 2= 来  電  吋  間 (鴫間]
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a graph showing the discharge characteristics of the battery according to an embodiment, etc., and Fig. 3.4 is a conductivity of a solution used as an electrolyte in a battery of the present invention. It is a graph showing the rate. 1...Positive electrode, 2...Battery can, 3...Separator,
4...Negative electrode. Figure 1 No. 2 = Next station (Shiroma)

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1、リチウムやナトリウム等の軽金属を活物質とする負
極と、正極と、有機溶媒に電解質を溶解してなる非水電
解液とを備え、前記有機溶媒として、1、3ジメチル−
2−イミダゾリジノンと低粘度有機溶媒とを混合したも
のを用いたことを特徴とする非水電解液電池。
1. A negative electrode containing a light metal such as lithium or sodium as an active material, a positive electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte prepared by dissolving an electrolyte in an organic solvent, the organic solvent being 1,3 dimethyl-
A non-aqueous electrolyte battery characterized by using a mixture of 2-imidazolidinone and a low-viscosity organic solvent.
JP63111937A 1988-05-09 1988-05-09 Non-aqueous electrolyte battery Expired - Lifetime JP2726269B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63111937A JP2726269B2 (en) 1988-05-09 1988-05-09 Non-aqueous electrolyte battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63111937A JP2726269B2 (en) 1988-05-09 1988-05-09 Non-aqueous electrolyte battery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH01281678A true JPH01281678A (en) 1989-11-13
JP2726269B2 JP2726269B2 (en) 1998-03-11

Family

ID=14573876

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP63111937A Expired - Lifetime JP2726269B2 (en) 1988-05-09 1988-05-09 Non-aqueous electrolyte battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2726269B2 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009158241A1 (en) * 2008-06-23 2009-12-30 The Gillette Company Lithium cell with cathode containing iron disulfide
WO2010111103A1 (en) * 2009-03-27 2010-09-30 The Gillette Company Lithium cell with improved iron disulfide cathode

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59154778A (en) * 1983-02-22 1984-09-03 Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd Electrolyte composition
JPS6017872A (en) * 1983-07-11 1985-01-29 Nippon Denso Co Ltd Organic battery

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59154778A (en) * 1983-02-22 1984-09-03 Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd Electrolyte composition
JPS6017872A (en) * 1983-07-11 1985-01-29 Nippon Denso Co Ltd Organic battery

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009158241A1 (en) * 2008-06-23 2009-12-30 The Gillette Company Lithium cell with cathode containing iron disulfide
WO2010111103A1 (en) * 2009-03-27 2010-09-30 The Gillette Company Lithium cell with improved iron disulfide cathode

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2726269B2 (en) 1998-03-11

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