JP7516739B2 - コアシェル構造を有する複合材料、その製造方法及び負極材 - Google Patents
コアシェル構造を有する複合材料、その製造方法及び負極材 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7516739B2 JP7516739B2 JP2019195085A JP2019195085A JP7516739B2 JP 7516739 B2 JP7516739 B2 JP 7516739B2 JP 2019195085 A JP2019195085 A JP 2019195085A JP 2019195085 A JP2019195085 A JP 2019195085A JP 7516739 B2 JP7516739 B2 JP 7516739B2
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- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015044 LiB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000552 LiCF3SO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010586 LiFeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013534 LiN(HCF2CF2CH2OSO2)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CNCOEDDPFOAUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylolacrylamide Chemical compound OCNC(=O)C=C CNCOEDDPFOAUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004054 acenaphthylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC1=C23)* 0.000 description 1
- HXGDTGSAIMULJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetnaphthylene Natural products C1=CC(C=C2)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 HXGDTGSAIMULJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006397 acrylic thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDIJWRHVEDUFGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;2-phenylethenesulfonate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XDIJWRHVEDUFGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQIHMSVIAGNIDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl bromide Chemical compound BrC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 AQIHMSVIAGNIDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCRXQUVKDMVBBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl 2-amino-3-(4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COC(=O)C(N)CC(C=C1)=CC=C1OCC1=CC=CC=C1 UCRXQUVKDMVBBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- INLLPKCGLOXCIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoethene Chemical compound BrC=C INLLPKCGLOXCIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCOPFSXTYFFNIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [Y+3].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] PCOPFSXTYFFNIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSDOQSMQCZQLDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] BSDOQSMQCZQLDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940117975 chromium trioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+6] GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010281 constant-current constant-voltage charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- SPTHWAJJMLCAQF-UHFFFAOYSA-M ctk4f8481 Chemical compound [O-]O.CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C(C)C SPTHWAJJMLCAQF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTARVPUIYXHRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy-methyl-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 OTARVPUIYXHRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHGNXNCOTZPEEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy-methyl-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 WHGNXNCOTZPEEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDUPRNVPXOHWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfite Chemical compound COS(=O)OC BDUPRNVPXOHWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012776 electronic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEDCJBCTEYLBJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-phenylethenesulfonate Chemical compound CCOS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 LEDCJBCTEYLBJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001031 glucose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SORGMJIXNUWMMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);propan-2-olate Chemical compound [La+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SORGMJIXNUWMMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZKIAYSOOCAKOJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;2-phenylethenesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZKIAYSOOCAKOJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005641 methacryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKDPJRCBCBQNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,2-dimethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C(C)=C WFKDPJRCBCBQNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPLUMPJQXVYXBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyl-2-phenylethenamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 DPLUMPJQXVYXBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTKONZMCFKGKAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyl-2-phenylprop-1-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C=C(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 UTKONZMCFKGKAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NCO DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQGWOOIHSXNRPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCCCNC(=O)C(C)=C VQGWOOIHSXNRPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRVUCYWJQFRCOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCCCNC(=O)C=C YRVUCYWJQFRCOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C=C YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propan-2-ylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)NC(=O)C=C QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQZXAODFGRZKJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tert-butyl-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NC(C)(C)C QQZXAODFGRZKJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFHJDMUEHUHAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tert-butylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XFHJDMUEHUHAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-vinylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTILUDNICMILKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(v) ethoxide Chemical compound CCO[Nb](OCC)(OCC)(OCC)OCC ZTILUDNICMILKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- XPGAWFIWCWKDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-olate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-] XPGAWFIWCWKDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC(C)C BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPVDWEHVCUBACK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propoxycarbonyloxy propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OOC(=O)OCCC YPVDWEHVCUBACK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MNCGMVDMOKPCSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-phenylethenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MNCGMVDMOKPCSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XFTALRAZSCGSKN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-ethenylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 XFTALRAZSCGSKN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- OHULXNKDWPTSBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium;propan-2-olate Chemical compound [Sr+2].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] OHULXNKDWPTSBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- RCYJPSGNXVLIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenetitanium Chemical compound [S].[Ti] RCYJPSGNXVLIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PYKSLEHEVAWOTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutoxystannane Chemical compound CCCCO[Sn](OCCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC PYKSLEHEVAWOTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXMNGLIMQIPFEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethoxygermane Chemical compound CCO[Ge](OCC)(OCC)OCC GXMNGLIMQIPFEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAOIDOHSFRTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrothiophene Chemical compound C1CCSC1 RAOIDOHSFRTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thianthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YARYADVWFXCHJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxybismuthane Chemical compound [Bi+3].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YARYADVWFXCHJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
(1)
コアシェル構造を有し、(シェルの内容積)/(コア体積)の値が2~20であり、
コアとシェルの間に炭素を有し、シェルが金属酸化物または炭素、またはこれらの組み合わせを含有することを特徴とする、複合材料。
(2)
シェル内部にコアと空隙を有する(1)に記載の複合材料。
(3)
コアが、ケイ素、ケイ素の酸化物、炭素及びスズの群から選ばれる1種以上である(1)又は(2)に記載の複合材料。
(4)
シェルが、金属酸化物と炭素の組み合わせである(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の複合材料。
(5)
シェルが、ケイ素の酸化物と炭素の組み合わせである(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の複合材料。
(6)
コアの周囲にポリマーを形成させ、その後金属酸化物で被覆した後、焼成させ、さらに炭素被覆する(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
(7)
炭素被覆を、CVD法又は炭素前駆体を加熱下気化させる方法により行う(6)に記載の複合材料の製造方法。
(8)
コアの周囲にポリマーを形成させ、その後炭素前駆体で被覆した後、焼成させる(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
(9)
(1)~(5)いずれかに記載の複合材料を含む、負極材。
(正極)
本発明の複合材料を使用して得られる負極材を有するリチウム二次電池に使用される正極としては、公知の正極材料を使用した正極を使用することができる。
(電解液)
本発明の複合材料を使用して得られる負極材を有するリチウム二次電池に使用される電解液としては、公知の電解液を使用することができる。
(セパレ-タ)
本発明の複合材料を使用して得られる負極材を有するリチウム二次電池に使用されるセパレ-タとしては、公知の材料を使用できる。例えば、織布、不織布、合成樹脂製微多孔膜などが例示される。合成樹脂製微多孔膜が好適であり、なかでもポリオレフィン系微多孔膜が、膜厚、膜強度、膜抵抗などの点から好適である。具体的には、ポリエチレンおよびポリプロピレン製微多孔膜、またはこれらを複合した微多孔膜などである。
(シリコン表面改質工程)
D50が200nmのシリコン粒子を含むエタノールスラリーをシリコン量が80gになるようにビーカーに投入し、15分間超音波照射を行い、その後、合計のエタノール量が2022gとなるように追加し、シリコンスラリーを得た。その後、ポリカルボン酸系分散剤176g、アンモニウムヒドロキシド144g、水640gを上記シリコンスラリーに添加し、マグネチックスターラーを用いて回転数250rpmの条件で1時間撹拌を行った。その後、テトラエトキシシラン(TEOS)8.3gを上記スラリーに添加した。室温で1.5時間撹拌を行い、その後、得られたシリコンスラリーを回転数4800rpm、回転時間25分の条件で遠心分離処理し、エタノールで再分散した。得られたスラリーに対して、直径1.0mmのジルコニアボールを用いたボールミルを8時間行い、粒径(D50)267nmのシリコンスラリーを得た。これを回転数4800rpm、回転時間60分の条件で遠心分離処理し、水で再分散した。
上記スラリーをシリコン固形分量が5.5gとなるように秤量して丸底フラスコに移し、合計の水量が1530gとなるように追加で水を添加した。フラスコ系内を窒素パ-ジした後、液温を35℃に昇温した。その後、3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(MPS)0.21gをフラスコ内に加え、30分間攪拌した。蒸留したスチレンモノマー35gと20gの水に溶解させたp-スチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム0.18gを添加し、2時間攪拌した。その後、液温を62℃に昇温させ、20gの水に溶解させた過硫酸アンモニウム(APS)0.45gを添加した。その後、還流下で10時間加熱撹拌を続けた。得られた反応液を回転数4800rpm、回転時間45分の条件で遠心分離処理し、沈殿をエタノールで再分散することでポリマー被覆シリコンスラリーを得た。
ポリマー被覆シリコンのエタノールスラリーを固形分が2.60gになるようにビーカーに秤量し、合計のエタノール量が316gになるようにエタノールを追加した。得られたスラリーに水62mLに分散させた臭化ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウム(CTAB)2.0gを加え、マグネチックスターラーで10分間攪拌を行った。その後、アンモニウムヒドロキシド8.6g、水67mLを上記スラリーに添加し、30分間攪拌を行った。その後、TEOS4.2gを添加し、3時間攪拌を行った。得られたスラリーを回転数4800rpm、回転時間15分の条件で遠心分離処理し、上澄みを廃棄した。沈降物を減圧乾燥して粉末を得た。得られた粉末を石英ボ-トに入れて、管状炉で窒素ガスを流しながら、最高温度900℃で1時間焼成した。
得られたコアシェル粒子に含まれるシリコン3質量部に対して7質量部の黒鉛をコアシェル粒子と混合しリチウム二次電池用複合活物質とした。得られたリチウム二次電池用複合活物質92.5重量%(固形分全量中の含有量。以下同じ。)に対して、導電助剤としてアセチレンブラック0.5重量%、バインダとしてポリカルボン酸系バインダ7.0重量%、及び、水とを混合して負極合剤含有スラリ-を調製した。
評価用スクリュ-セルは、グロ-ブボックス中でスクリュ-セルに上記負極、24mmφのポリプロピレン製セパレ-タ、21mmφのガラスフィルタ-、18mmφで厚み0.2mmの金属リチウムおよびその基材のステンレス箔を、各々、電解液にディップしたのち、この順に積層し、最後に蓋をねじ込み作製した。電解液はエチレンカ-ボネ-トとジエチルカ-ボネ-トを体積比1対1の混合溶媒とし、これにFEC(フルオロエチレンカ-ボネ-ト)を2体積%添加し、LiPF6を1.2モル/リットルの濃度になるように溶解させたものを使用した。
評価用コインセルは、グロ-ブボックス中でコインセルに上記負極、21mmφのガラスフィルタ-、18mmφで厚み0.2mmの金属リチウムおよびその基材のステンレス箔を、各々、電解液にディップしたのち、この順に積層し、最後に蓋をねじ込み作製した。電解液はエチレンカ-ボネ-トとジエチルカ-ボネ-トを体積比1対1の混合溶媒とし、これにFEC(フルオロエチレンカ-ボネ-ト)を2体積%添加し、LiPF6を1.2モル/リットルの濃度になるように溶解させたものを使用した。評価用コインセルは、さらにシリカゲルを入れた密閉ガラス容器に入れて、シリコンゴムの蓋を通した電極を充放電装置に接続した。
(シリコン表面改質工程)
D50が200nmのシリコン粒子を含むエタノールスラリーをシリコン量が35gになるようにフラスコに投入し、その後、超音波照射を15分間行い、合計のエタノ-ル量が885gとなるように追加でエタノ-ルを添加してシリコンスラリーを得た。その後、ポリカルボン酸系分散剤77g、10モル/リットルの塩酸2.3g、水280gを上記シリコンスラリーに添加し、攪拌羽を用いて回転数250rpmの条件で30分間攪拌を行った。その後、TEOS70gを上記スラリーに添加し、液温を70℃に昇温した。70℃で12時間撹拌を行い、その後、得られたシリコンスラリーを回転数4800rpm、回転時間25分の条件で遠心分離処理し、エタノ-ルで再分散した。得られたスラリーに対して、直径1.0mmのジルコニアボ-ルを用いたボ-ルミルを8時間行い、粒径(D50)226nmのシリコンスラリーを得た。これを回転数4800rpm、回転時間60分の条件で遠心分離処理し、水で再分散した。
上記スラリーをシリコン固形分量が8.3gとなるように秤量して丸底フラスコに移し、合計の水量が2294gとなるように追加で水を添加した。フラスコ系内を窒素パ-ジした後、液温を35℃に昇温した。その後、MPS0.32gをフラスコ内に加え、30分間攪拌した。蒸留したスチレンモノマー53gと30gの水に溶解させたp-スチレンスルホン酸リチウム(LiSS)0.24gを添加し、2時間攪拌した。その後、液温を62℃に昇温させ、30gの水に溶解させたAPS0.68gを添加した。その後、還流下で10時間加熱撹拌を続けた。得られた反応液を回転数4800rpm、回転時間45分の条件で遠心分離処理し、沈殿を水で再分散することでスラリーを得た。
ポリマー被覆シリコンのスラリーを固形分が8.7gになるようにビーカーに秤量し、エタノール318gを追加した。得られたスラリーに水20mLに分散させたCTAB6.8gを加え、マグネチックスターラーで10分間攪拌を行った。その後、水23mLに分散させたCTAB7.8gを加え、マグネチックスターラーで10分間攪拌を行った。アンモニウムヒドロキシド8.6gを上記スラリーに添加し、30分間攪拌を行った。その後、TEOS31gを添加し、3時間攪拌を行った。得られたスラリーを回転数4750rpm、回転時間15分の条件で遠心分離処理し、上澄みを廃棄した。沈降物を減圧乾燥して粉末を得た。得られた粉末を石英ボ-トに入れて、管状炉で窒素ガスを流しながら、最高温度900℃で1時間焼成した。得られた焼成粉を焼成炉に導入し、窒素を流しながらコールタールピッチを炭素前駆体とした炭素被覆を行った。炭素被覆の条件は、昇温速度を5℃/minとし、300℃で1時間、600℃で5時間、900℃で1時間加熱とした。
(ポリマー被覆工程)
実施例2と同様の方法で調製したスラリーをシリコン固形分量が13.9gとなるように秤量して丸底フラスコに移し、合計の水量が3800gとなるように追加で水を添加した。フラスコ系内を窒素パージした後、液温を35℃に昇温した。その後、MPS0.53gをフラスコ内に加え、30分間撹拌した。蒸留したスチレンモノマー88gと50gの水に溶解させたLiSS0.41gを添加し、2時間撹拌した。その後、液温を62℃に昇温させ、50gの水に溶解させたAPS1.1gを添加した。その後、還流下で10時間加熱撹拌を続けた。得られた反応液を回転数4750rpm、回転時間45分の条件で遠心分離処理し、沈殿をエタノールで再分散することでポリマー被覆シリコンスラリーを得た。
ポリマー被覆シリコンのスラリーを固形分が2.5gになるようにビーカーに秤量し、合計のエタノール量が116gになるようにエタノールを追加した。得られたスラリーにエタノール50gに溶解させたCTAB2.0gを加え、マグネチックスターラーで10分間攪拌を行った。その後、エタノール50gに分散させたアルミニウムイソプロポキシド8.6gを加え、マグネチックスターラーで10分間攪拌を行った。濃硝酸1.3gを上記スラリーに添加し、30分間攪拌を行った。その後、液温を80℃に昇温し、17時間攪拌を行った。得られたスラリーを回転数4800rpm、回転時間20分の条件で遠心分離処理し、上澄みを廃棄した。沈降物を減圧乾燥して粉末を得た。得られた粉末を石英ボ-トに入れて、管状炉で窒素ガスを流しながら、最高温度900℃で1時間焼成した。得られた焼成粉を焼成炉に導入し、窒素を流しながらコールタールピッチを炭素前駆体とした炭素被覆を行った。炭素被覆の条件は、昇温速度を5℃/minとし、300℃で1時間、600℃で5時間、900℃で1時間加熱とした。
コアシェル構造を形成させていないD50が200nmのシリコン粒子3質量部に対して7質量部の黒鉛を混合し、比較例のリチウム二次電池用複合活物質とした。参考例1と同様の方法でリチウム二次電池用複合活物質、負極、初回充電膨張率評価用セル、20サイクル後の容量維持率評価用スクリューセルを作製し、充放電試験を行ったところ、初回充電容量は1112mAh/g、初回充電膨張率は222%、20サイクル後の容量維持率は88.3%であった。
Claims (9)
- コアシェル構造を有し、(シェルの内容積)/(コア体積)の値が12~20であり、コアとシェルの間に炭素及び空隙を有し、コアがケイ素及びケイ素の酸化物の少なくともいずれかであり、シェルが金属酸化物又は炭素、又はこれらの組み合わせを含有することを特徴とする、複合材料。
- シェル内部にコアと空隙を有する請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- コアの粒径(D50:50%体積粒径)が10nm~7000nmである請求項1又は2に記載の複合材料。
- シェルが、金属酸化物と炭素の組み合わせである請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の複合材料。
- シェルが、ケイ素の酸化物と炭素の組み合わせである請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の複合材料。
- コアの周囲にポリマーを形成させ、その後金属酸化物で被覆した後、焼成させ、さらに炭素被覆する請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
- 炭素被覆を、CVD法又は炭素前駆体を加熱下気化させる方法により行う請求項6に記載の複合材料の製造方法。
- コアの周囲にポリマーを形成させ、その後炭素前駆体で被覆した後、焼成させる請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の複合材料の製造方法。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の複合材料を含む、負極材。
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CN108172787A (zh) | 2017-09-18 | 2018-06-15 | 浙江大学 | 一种单分散空心纳米硅/碳球及其制备方法和应用 |
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