JP7464300B2 - Ctla-4に結合する抗体およびその使用 - Google Patents
Ctla-4に結合する抗体およびその使用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本開示は、CD152に特異的に結合する抗体を提供する。これらの結合分子は、CD152および別の標的に特異的に結合する。それを必要とする患者への治療有効量のCD152結合抗体の投与は、特定の癌を含む特定の障害の治療に有用である。CD152を発現するT細胞への抗体の結合は、腫瘍関連抗原を発現する細胞に対する抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞毒性を誘発する。本開示のCD152結合治療法は、患者の治療において、様々な利点、例えば、CD152への効果的な結合、抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞毒性の効率的な誘導および/または有害事象(例えば毒性)のより低いリスクをもたらす。特定の側面では、CD152結合抗体は特定の形式(例えば、典型的な完全長抗体と比較して重鎖のみの抗体)でより効果的にCD152に結合し、CD152に関連する疾患の治療における効力を高め、有用性を向上させる。
本明細書で使用されているセクションの見出しは、整理を目的としたものであり、説明されている主題を制限するものとして解釈されるべきではない。特許、特許出願、記事、書籍、および論文を含むがこれらに限定されない、本明細書で引用されるすべての文書または文書の一部は、いかなる目的であれ参照によりその全体が明示的に組み込まれる。組み込まれた文書または文書の一部が、本願でのその用語の定義と矛盾する用語を定義している場合、本願に表示される定義が制御する。しかしながら、本明細書で引用されている参考文献、論文、出版物、特許、特許公開、および特許出願についての言及は、有効な先行技術を構成することまたは世界のいかなる国での技術知識の一部を形成することの承認またはいかなる形の示唆としても受け取られるべきではない。。
本明細書に開示されるのは、CD152結合ドメインを含むヒトモノクロ-ナル抗体である。抗体は重鎖のみの抗体であり得る。抗体は2本の重鎖のみで構成できる。抗体は軽鎖を含まなくてもよい。抗体はCD152に特異的に結合できる。抗体は、CD152に高い親和性で特異的に結合する単離されたモノクロ-ナル抗体であり得る。
医薬組成物は、薬学的に許容される賦形剤と共に製剤化された、本明細書に開示される1つまたはそれ以上の抗CD152抗体を含むことができる。レシピエント患者がその投与に耐えることができる場合、賦形剤は「薬学的に許容される賦形剤」であると言われる。使用できる賦形剤には、担体、界面活性剤、増粘剤または乳化剤、固体結合剤、分散剤または懸濁助剤、可溶化剤、着色剤、香味剤、コ-ティング剤、崩壊剤、潤滑剤、甘味料、保存剤、等張剤、およびそれらの組み合わせが含まれる。適切な賦形剤の選択および使用は、Gennaro編、Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy、第20版、(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2003)、およびGennaro編、Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (Mack Publishing Company、第19版、1995)に教示されている。無菌リン酸緩衝生理食塩水は、薬学的に許容される賦形剤の一例である。製剤はさらに、1つまたはそれ以上の担体、希釈剤、保存剤、可溶化剤、緩衝剤、バイアル表面でのタンパク質損失を防ぐためのアルブミン等を含むことができる。
本明細書にさらに開示されるのは、対象に治療有効量の本明細書に開示される抗体または医薬組成物を投与することによって障害を治療する方法である。本明細書に開示される抗CD152抗体は、対象(例えば、ヒトまたは非ヒト霊長類)を治療するための方法、または対象を治療するための医薬品の製造のために使用され得る。一般に、そのような方法は、そのような治療を必要とする対象に、本明細書に記載の抗CD152抗体を投与することを含む。
本明細書に開示される抗体は、ハ-バ-(Harbour)ヒト化マウス(米国特許第9,353,179号、第9,346,877号および第8,921,522号および欧州特許第1776383号および第1864998号)から作製されたヒト重鎖のみ抗体(HCAb)であり得る。HCAbマウスによって生成された分子は可溶性で、従来のヒトIgG抗体に匹敵する親和性、多様性、および/または物理化学的特性を持つことができる。
ヒトCTLA-4-ECDタンパク質(Acro Bio)を免疫原として使用して、抗CTLA-4抗体を作製した。ヒト抗体の開発および調製のためのヒト免疫グロブリントランスジェニックマウス技術の使用は、最初にAbgenix(xeno mouse and Medarex(HuMab "mouse");Lonbergら、1994, Nature, 368: 856-859;LonbergおよびHuszar, 1995, Internal Rev. Immunol., 13: 65-93;HardingおよびLonberg, 1995, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 764: 536-546)に記載された。
フォワ-ドプライマ-:
lib-3-23/53-S:5’-GTGTCCAGTGTGAGGTGCAGCTG(配列番号193)および
lib-3-11-S:5’-GTGTCCAGTGTCAGGTGCAGCTG(配列番号194)
逆プライマ-:
mG1hrv:5’-GGCTTACAACCACAATCCCTGGGC(配列番号195)
表1:ヒト抗CTLA-4抗体の核酸配列およびアミノ酸配列
na:核酸;aa:アミノ酸
工程1:hCTLA-4を過剰発現するHEK293F細胞の調製
293細胞を、ヒトCTLA-4をコ-ドする核酸配列(配列番号196)を含むpTT5プラスミドで安定にトランスフェクションして、ヒトCTLA-4を安定して発現する293F細胞(本明細書では293-hCTLA-4細胞と呼ぶ)を生成した。追加の293細胞を、完全長のカニクイザルCTLA-4(配列番号198)をコ-ドする核酸配列を含むpIRESプラスミドで安定的にトランスフェクションして、カニクイザルCTLA-4を安定して発現する293細胞(本明細書では293-cynoCTLA-4細胞と呼ぶ)を生成した。293-hCTLA-4細胞および293-cynoCTLA-4細胞を培養し、T-75培養フラスコで90%コンフルエンスまで増殖させた。培養培地を吸引し、細胞をHBSS(ハンクス平衡塩類溶液、Invitrogen)で2回洗浄した。細胞を無酵素細胞解離液(Versene solution、Invitrogen)で処理し、回収した。次に、細胞をHBSSで2回洗浄し、細胞数を決定し、細胞をHBSSで2x106細胞/mLで再懸濁した。BSAを細胞懸濁液に1%の最終濃度になるように加え、細胞を氷上で30分間ブロックし、次にHBSSで2回洗浄した。遠心分離後に細胞を回収し、FACS緩衝液(HBSS+1%BSA、v/v)に2x106細胞/mLで再懸濁した。次に、細胞懸濁液100μLを96ウェルプレ-トの各ウェルに加えた。実施例2の精製抗CTLA-4抗体または対照抗体100μLを96ウェルプレ-トの各ウェルに加え、氷上で1時間インキュベ-トした。ここで、イピリムマブ類似体の重鎖および軽鎖は、それぞれ、配列番号199および配列番号200のアミノ酸配列を有していた。細胞をFACS緩衝液で2回洗浄し、100μLのAlexa488標識抗ヒト(H+L)抗体(Invitrogen)を96ウェルプレ-トに加え、氷上で1時間インキュベ-トした。試料をFACS緩衝液で3回洗浄し、固定緩衝液(4%パラホルムアルデヒド、v/vを含む)100μLを各ウェルに加え、10分間インキュベ-トした。次に、細胞をFACS緩衝液で2回洗浄し、100μLのFACS緩衝液に再懸濁した。
細胞ベ-スの受容体-リガンド結合アッセイを実施して、抗CTLA-4抗体がCTLA-4のそのリガンドB7.1への結合をブロックする能力を決定した。製造元の指示に従って、組換えB7.1ECD-Fcタンパク質(B71-H5259、Acro Bio)をEZ-LINK NHS-PEG12-Biotin(Thermo Scientific#21312)を使用してビオチン化した。ビオチン化B7.1ECD-Fcタンパク質を濃縮し、Amicon遠心フィルタ-(10kDaカットオフ)を使用して遊離標識を除去した。B7.1の細胞外ドメインは、Uniprotデ-タベ-スタンパク質P33681のアミノ酸Val35-Asn242に対応していた。
平均蛍光強度(MFI)は、FACS Calibur(BD)を使用して決定した。結果は、図3に示すように、抗CTLA-4抗体が、細胞発現CTLA-4のそのリガンドB7.1への結合を、イピリムマブ類似体に匹敵するレベルでブロックできることを示した。
工程1:PBMC刺激試験
組換えヒトまたはマウスCTLA4-hisタンパク質(ヒトタンパク質の場合はCT4-H5229、マウスタンパク質の場合はCT4-M52H5、Acro Bio)をPBSで2μg/mLの濃度に希釈し、100μLの希釈したCTLA-4-hisタンパク質をウェルあたりELISAマイクロプレ-トに加え、4℃で一晩インキュベ-トしてプレ-トを組換えタンパク質でコ-ティングした。次にプレ-トをELISAブロック溶液(2%BSA、0.05%(v/v)Tween-20、pH7.4 PBS緩衝液、w/vを含む)で37℃にて2時間ブロックし、様々な濃度の抗CTLA-4抗体と37℃で1時間インキュベ-トした。プレ-トを洗浄し、西洋ワサビペルオキシダ-ゼ(HRP)結合ヤギ抗ヒトIgG(H+L)抗体(A18805、Life Technologies)と共に37℃で1時間インキュベ-トした。100μLのテトラメチルベンジジン(TMB)を添加し、プレ-トを室温で15分間インキュベ-トした。50μLの1N HClを加えて反応を停止させ、OD450nmをELISAプレ-トリ-ダ-で測定した。
上記のいくつかの抗体とその変異体に対してT細胞刺激アッセイを実施し、CTLA-4とそのリガンドB7.1およびB7.2の結合をブロックすることにより、T細胞刺激に対するこれらの抗体の効果を調べた。
表2:抗CTLA-4抗体変異体の核酸配列およびアミノ酸配列
na:核酸;aa:アミノ酸
7つのHCAbクロ-ン(CL22、CL25、CL5、CL3、CL11、CL30、CL24)のアミノ酸配列を遺伝子IGHV3-53*
01にアラインメントし、表3に表示した。生殖系列遺伝子およびPTM部位の違いを強調表示してある。配列は、Chothia番号付けスキ-ムで番号付けした。
表3:生殖系列配列と比較したHCAbアミノ酸配列の違い
表4:PTMが除去された抗CTLA-4抗体変異体の核酸配列およびアミノ酸配列
na:核酸;aa:アミノ酸
細胞ベ-スの結合アッセイを実施して、PTMが除去された抗CTLA-4抗体変異体のヒトCTLA-4への結合能力を決定した。アッセイ手順は、実施例3に記載されたものと同様であった。簡単に言えば、293F-hCTLA-4細胞を無酵素細胞解離溶液(Versene solution、Invitrogen)を使用して回収し、次いで培地により中和し、細胞数を決定した。細胞を遠心分離し、ブロック緩衝液(2%BSA、pH7.4 PBS緩衝液、w/vを含む)で1x106細胞/mLで37℃にて15分間ブロックした。200μLの細胞を96ウェルプレ-トの各ウェルに分注した(2×105細胞/ウェル)。プレ-トを遠心分離し、上清を捨てた。細胞をブロック緩衝液で調製した抗CTLA-4抗体100μLに再懸濁した。プレ-トを4℃で90分間インキュベ-トし、2回洗浄した。ブロック緩衝液を廃棄した後、細胞を100μLのAlexa 488標識抗ヒト(H+L)抗体(1:500、Invitrogen)に再懸濁し、4℃で1時間インキュベ-トした。細胞を洗浄し、200μLのブロック緩衝液に再懸濁した。平均蛍光強度(MFI)を、FACS Calibur(BD)を使用して決定した。
細胞ベ-スの受容体リガンド結合アッセイを実施例4の記載と同様に実施して、PTMが除去された抗CTLA-4抗体変異体がCTLA-4のそのリガンドB7.1への結合をブロックする能力を決定した。
実施例5の記載と同様にして、PBMC刺激およびIL-20レベルの定量を実施した。
解離定数は、製造元が提供する機器の仕様に従って、Biacore T200(GE Healthcare)によって決定した。簡単に説明すると、10mM NaOAc(pH5.0、sigma)中の1μg/mLの希釈抗CTLA-4抗体を、Series S CM5センサ-チップのフロ-セルに固定化した。残りの活性エステル基は1Mエタノ-ルアミン(pH8.5)でブロックした。HBS-EP+をランニング緩衝液として、5つの連続希釈濃度の組換えヒトCTLA-4-his(CT4-H5229、AcroBio)およびカニクイザルCTLA-4-hisタンパク質(CT4-C5227、AcroBio)をフロ-セルに30μL/分、関連付け時間(association time)180秒で注入した。解離のために緩衝液フロ-を600秒間維持した。抗体と抗原の間の各相互作用のKD値は、Biacore T200評価ソフトウェア1.0と1:1結合のフィッティングモデルを使用して評価した。
表5:Biacore T200によって測定された、ヒトCTLA-4ECD-hisタンパク質およびカニクイザルCTLA-4ECD-hisタンパク質に対するヒト抗CTLA-4 Abの結合速度論および親和性
ヒト抗CTLA-4抗体の推定NK依存性細胞傷害活性を確認するため、CTLA-4発現CHO-K1細胞およびCTLA-4発現インビトロ刺激Treg細胞の両方で抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞傷害(ADCC)アッセイを実施した。
工程1:マウスにおける単回用量の抗CTLA-4抗体治療
凍結保存されたマウス結腸癌MC-38細胞株を回収し、10%ウシ胎児血清(FBS)および1%ペニシリンストレプトマイシンを含むDMEM培地で37℃にて培養して腫瘍移植に十分な細胞を得た。培養したMC-38細胞を回収し、生存率>90%で1x107細胞/mlの密度でPBSに再懸濁し、120匹のhCTLA-4ノックインマウス(GempharmaTech)の右側腹部に皮下移植した。腫瘍接種の5日後に、腫瘍サイズが26~64mm3(平均腫瘍サイズは40mm3)の81匹のマウスを選択し、腫瘍体積に基づいてグル-プごとに9匹のマウスで層別無作為化を使用して9グル-プに割り当てた。無作為化の日(D0と定義)から治療を開始した。グル-プ1はhlgG1 i.p.で10mpkにてD0、D3、D6、D10、D13、D16で治療した;グル-プ2はCL20'-eA(表7の配列)i.p.で5.4mpkにてD0、D3、D6、D10、D13、D16で治療した;グル-プ3は、イピリムマブ類似体i.p.で10mpkにてD0、D3、D6、D10、D13、D16で治療した;グル-プ4は、イピリムマブ類似体i.p.で1mpkにてD0、D3、D6、D10、D13、D16で治療した;グル-プ5はCL5'-dPTM'i.p.で5.4mpkにてD0、D3、D6、D10、D13、D16で治療した;グル-プ6はCL5'-dPTM'i.p.で0.54mpkにてD0、D3、D6、D10、D13、D16で治療した;グル-プ7はCL5'-eA-dPTM'i.p.で5.4mpkにてD0、D3、D6、D10、D13、D16で治療した;グル-プ8はCL5'-eA-dPTM'i.p.で1.5mpkにてD0、D3、D6、D10、D13、D16で治療した;およびグル-プ9はCL5'-eA-dPTM'i.p.で0.54mpkにてD0、D3、D6、D10、D13、D16で治療した。
表7:クロ-ンCL20'-eAの核酸配列およびアミノ酸配列
na:核酸;aa:アミノ酸
ILS(%)=(MSTTreatment- MSTVehicle)/MSTVehiclex100%)。
表8:生存分析
(注)ILS=(MSTGT-MSTG1)/MSTG1 *100%;P値は全てのグル-プをG1グル-プと比較した。
凍結保存されたマウス結腸癌MC-38細胞株を回収し、10%ウシ胎児血清(FBS)および1%ペニシリンストレプトマイシンを含むDMEM培地で37℃にて培養して腫瘍移植に十分な細胞を得た。培養したMC-38細胞を回収し、生存率>90%で5x106細胞/mlの密度でPBSに再懸濁し、60匹のhCTLA-4ノックインマウスの右側腹部に皮下移植した。腫瘍接種の5日後に、平均腫瘍サイズが102mm3の30匹の腫瘍を有するマウスを選択し、腫瘍サイズに基づいて5つのグル-プ(n=6)に無作為化した。無作為化の日(D0と定義)に治療を開始した。登録されたマウスは、それぞれ、hIgG1(0.5mpk)、イピリムマブ類似体(0.5および0.2mpk)およびCL5'-eA-dPTM'(0.27および0.1mpk)で、D0、D6、D9、D13、D16およびD19に腹腔内(i.p.)処置した。マウスを毎日モニタ-し、体重を就業日に記録した。腫瘍サイズは、治療の間、週に2回測定した。
Claims (27)
- CD152結合ドメインを含む単離されたモノクローナル抗体であって、該CD152結合ドメインは、CDR1、CDR2、およびCDR3を含む免疫グロブリン重鎖可変領域を含み、CDR1、CDR2、およびCDR3は、
(1)それぞれ配列番号16、17および18;
(2)それぞれ配列番号58、59および60;または
(3)それぞれ配列番号64、65および66
で示されるアミノ酸配列を含む、単離されたモノクローナル抗体。 - 該抗体が重鎖のみの抗体である、請求項1に記載の単離されたモノクローナル抗体。
- 該抗体が2つの免疫グロブリン重鎖を含む、請求項1または2に記載の単離されたモノクローナル抗体。
- 該抗体が2つの免疫グロブリン重鎖から構成される、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の単離されたモノクローナル抗体。
- 免疫グロブリン重鎖可変領域が、配列番号15、57、または63と少なくとも90%、92%、95%、97%、98%、99%、または100%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の単離されたモノクローナル抗体。
- 2つの免疫グロブリン重鎖の少なくとも1つが、配列番号14、56、または62と少なくとも90%、92%、95%、97%、98%、99%、または100%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項3から5のいずれか1項に記載の単離されたモノクローナル抗体。
- 以下の特性の1つまたはそれ以上を示す、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の単離されたモノクローナル抗体:(a)ヒトCD152に結合する;(b)サルCD152に特異的に結合する;(c)マウスCD152に結合しない;(d)CD152のCD80、CD86、またはその両方への結合をブロックする;(e)免疫細胞によるIL-2の分泌を促進する;(f)T細胞の活性化を誘導する;(g)免疫細胞による抗腫瘍免疫応答を刺激する。
- 以下の特性の1つまたはそれ以上を示す、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の単離されたモノクローナル抗体:(a)イピリムマブ類似体よりも高い親和性でヒトCD152に結合する;(b)イピリムマブ類似体より少なくとも2倍、少なくとも5倍、少なくとも10倍、少なくとも20倍、少なくとも30倍、少なくとも50倍、または少なくとも100倍高い親和性でヒトCD152に結合する;(c)1.0*10-9M以下のKdでヒトCD152から解離する;(d)イピリムマブ類似体よりも低いKdでヒトCD152から解離する;(e)イピリムマブ類似体よりも少なくとも2倍、少なくとも5倍、少なくとも10倍、少なくとも20倍、少なくとも30倍、少なくとも50倍、または少なくとも100倍低いKdでヒトCD152から解離する。
- 6.0*10-11M以下のKdでヒトCD152から解離する、請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の単離されたモノクローナル抗体。
- 該抗体が、ヒト抗体である、請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載の単離されたモノクローナル抗体。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の単離されたモノクローナル抗体、および薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含む医薬組成物。
- 薬学的に許容される賦形剤が、担体、界面活性剤、増粘剤または乳化剤、固体結合剤、分散または懸濁助剤、可溶化剤、着色剤、香味剤、コーティング、崩壊剤、潤滑剤、甘味料、保存剤、等張剤、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。
- 二次抗体をさらに含み、該二次抗体が免疫刺激抗体またはコスティミュラトリー抗体である、請求項11または12に記載の医薬組成物。
- 免疫刺激抗体が、抗PD-1抗体、抗PD-L1抗体、抗LAG-3抗体、抗TIM3抗体、抗STAT3抗体、および抗ROR1抗体からなる群から選択される、請求項13に記載の医薬組成物。
- コスティミュラトリー抗体が抗CD137抗体または抗GITR抗体である、請求項13または14に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の単離された抗体をコードする核酸分子。
- 配列番号13、55、または61に対して少なくとも90%、92%、95%、97%、98%、99%、または100%の同一性を有するヌクレオチド配列を含む、請求項16に記載の核酸分子。
- 請求項16または17に記載の核酸分子を含む発現ベクターであって、該核酸分子が、宿主細胞において該核酸分子の発現に適した調節配列に作動可能に連結されている、発現ベクター。
- 請求項18に記載の発現ベクターを含む宿主細胞。
- CD152を発現する細胞に対する抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞毒性(ADCC)を誘導するための組成物の製造における請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の単離された抗体の使用であって、該誘導が、NK細胞を該単離された抗体と接触させることを含み、該接触が、CD152を発現する細胞に対するADCCが誘導される条件下で行われる、使用。
- 障害を治療するための医薬品の製造における、請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の単離されたモノクローナル抗体または請求項11から15のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物の使用であって、該障害が癌または自己免疫疾患である、使用。
- 該障害が癌である、請求項21に記載の使用。
- 癌が、白血病、リンパ腫、CLL、小リンパ球性リンパ腫、辺縁細胞B細胞性リンパ腫、バーキットリンパ腫、腎細胞癌、結腸癌、結腸直腸癌、乳癌、上皮扁平上皮癌、黒色腫、骨髄腫、胃癌、脳癌、肺癌、膵臓癌、子宮頸癌、卵巣癌、肝臓癌、膀胱癌、前立腺癌、精巣癌、甲状腺癌、および頭頸部癌からなる群から選択される、請求項22に記載の使用。
- 医薬品がさらなる治療薬をさらに含む、請求項21から23のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- さらなる治療薬が抗癌剤である、請求項24に記載の使用。
- さらなる治療薬がイピリムマブおよびそのバイオシミラー製品である、請求項24に記載の使用。
- 障害が自己免疫疾患である、請求項21に記載の使用。
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