JP7423820B2 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP7423820B2 JP7423820B2 JP2022568712A JP2022568712A JP7423820B2 JP 7423820 B2 JP7423820 B2 JP 7423820B2 JP 2022568712 A JP2022568712 A JP 2022568712A JP 2022568712 A JP2022568712 A JP 2022568712A JP 7423820 B2 JP7423820 B2 JP 7423820B2
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 377
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 41
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
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- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
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- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
- F24H15/156—Reducing the quantity of energy consumed; Increasing efficiency
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- F24H15/16—Reducing cost using the price of energy, e.g. choosing or switching between different energy sources
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- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
- F24H15/174—Supplying heated water with desired temperature or desired range of temperature
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- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
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- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
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- F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
- F24H15/223—Temperature of the water in the water storage tank
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- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
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- F24H15/296—Information from neighbouring devices
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- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
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- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
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- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
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- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
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- F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
- F24D2101/30—Fuel cells
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
- F24D2103/10—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
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- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H2240/00—Fluid heaters having electrical generators
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Description
Claims (11)
- 燃料を改質する改質装置と、
前記改質装置から改質燃料が提供されて貯蔵する改質燃料貯蔵部と、
前記改質燃料を利用して電力及び熱を生成する燃料電池スタックと、
暖房水を利用して暖房を提供するボイラ部と、
前記燃料電池スタックで生成された電力を貯蔵するバッテリ部と、
前記改質装置、前記改質燃料貯蔵部、前記燃料電池スタック、前記ボイラ部及び前記バッテリ部の動作を制御する制御部とを含み、
前記制御部は、前記ボイラ部の暖房水温度が第1基準値よりに大きく、
前記改質燃料貯蔵部に貯蔵された改質燃料貯蔵量が第2基準値以下である場合、前記ボイラ部の暖房水を利用して前記改質装置が動作するように制御する、燃料電池システム。 - 外部への電力提供が必要で、前記改質燃料貯蔵部の改質燃料貯蔵量が前記第2基準値以下で、前記バッテリ部の電力量が第3基準値以下である場合、
前記制御部は、前記改質装置が動作するように制御して前記改質燃料を生成し、前記改質燃料を利用して前記燃料電池スタックが動作するように制御する、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 外部への電力提供が必要で、前記改質燃料貯蔵部の改質燃料貯蔵量が前記第2基準値よりも大きく、前記バッテリ部の電力量が第3基準値以下である場合、
前記制御部は、前記改質装置を非動作するように制御し、前記改質燃料貯蔵部に貯蔵された前記改質燃料を利用して、前記燃料電池スタックを動作するように制御する、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 外部への電力提供が必要で、前記バッテリ部の電力量が第3基準値よりも大きい場合、
前記制御部は、前記バッテリ部に貯蔵された電力を外部に提供するように制御する、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 外部への暖房提供が必要で、前記ボイラ部の暖房水温度が前記第1基準値以下で、前記バッテリ部の電力量が第3基準値よりも大きい場合、
前記制御部は、前記バッテリ部に貯蔵された電力を利用して前記ボイラ部の暖房水を加熱するように制御する、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 外部への暖房提供が必要で、前記ボイラ部の暖房水温度が前記第1基準値以下で、前記バッテリ部の電力量が第3基準値以下である場合、
前記制御部は、前記燃料電池スタックを動作するように制御し、前記制御部は、前記燃料電池スタックで生成された熱を利用して前記ボイラ部の暖房水を加熱するように制御する、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記改質燃料貯蔵部の改質燃料貯蔵量が前記第2基準値以下である場合、
前記制御部は、前記改質装置を動作するように制御する、請求項6に記載燃料電池システム。 - 前記改質燃料貯蔵部の改質燃料貯蔵量が前記第2基準値よりも大きい場合、
前記制御部は、前記改質装置を非動作するように制御し、前記改質燃料貯蔵部に貯蔵された改質燃料を利用して前記燃料電池スタックを動作するように制御する、請求項6に記載燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部は、高度な計測インフラストラクチャ(AMI:Advanced Metering Infrastructure)を含み、
前記高度な計測インフラストラクチャを通じて受信した電気料金が第4基準値よりも大きい場合、
前記制御部は、前記燃料電池スタックを動作するように制御し、前記燃料電池スタックで生成された電力を外部に提供するように制御する、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部は、高度な計測インフラストラクチャ(AMI:Advanced Metering Infrastructure)を含み、
前記高度な計測インフラストラクチャを通じて受信した電気料金が第5基準値以下である場合、
前記制御部は、外部で電力を受けて前記バッテリ部に貯蔵するように制御する、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記バッテリ部の電力が第3基準値よりも大きく、前記燃料電池スタックが動作中である場合、
前記制御部は、前記燃料電池スタックで生成された電力を外部に提供するように制御する、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
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