JP7412765B2 - SiC半導体素子の製造方法及びSiC半導体素子 - Google Patents
SiC半導体素子の製造方法及びSiC半導体素子 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 160
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 125
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 111
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 110
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 92
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 190
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 189
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 34
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001773 deep-level transient spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001004 secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005689 Fowler Nordheim tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
高温H2ガスエッチングの前処理効果、及びN2熱処理による界面窒化処理の効果を検証するために、図1(A)~(D)に示した方法により、SiC基板の表面にSiO2膜を形成した試料を作製した。
図1(A)~(D)に示した方法で形成したSiO2膜3に対して、MOSキャパシタを作製し、High-Low CV法を用いて、SiO2膜3とSiC基板1との界面における欠陥密度を求めた。
図1(A)~(D)に示した方法で形成したSiO2膜3に対して、MOSキャパシタを作製し、SiC基板側の欠陥を解析した。具体的には、DLTS(Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy)法を用いて、SiC基板側に存在する欠陥の種類を解析した。
図1(A)~(D)に示した方法で形成したSiO2膜3について、高温H2ガスによるエッチング効果、及びN2熱処理による界面窒化処理の効果を確認するために、以下に示す方法により、SiO2膜の特性等を評価した。
図1(A)~(D)に示した方法で形成したSiO2膜3に対して、MOSキャパシタを作製し、電圧ストレスによる特性シフトを評価した。具体的には、MOSキャパシタに10Vの電圧を300秒印加した後、正電圧から負電圧にバイアスを掃引し、次に、―10Vの電圧を300秒印加した後、負電圧から正電圧にバイアスを掃引してC-V特性のシフトを測定した。
図1(A)~(D)に示した方法で形成したSiO2膜3に対して、MOSキャパシタを作製し、SiO2膜3の絶縁特性を評価した。具体的には、MOSキャパシタに正電圧を印加し、I-V特性を測定した。
N2ガスによる界面窒化処理の効果を検証するために、SIMS(二次イオン質量分析法)を用いて、SiO2膜3とSiC基板1との界面における窒素原子密度を測定した。
図8は、SiC基板1の表面を高温H2ガスでエッチングする際の温度を、1100℃、1200℃、1300℃で、それぞれ行ったときの界面欠陥密度を測定した結果を示したグラフである。なお、測定は、上述したHigh-Low CV法を用いて行った。また、図中のBで示した破線のグラフは、高温H2ガスでエッチングしなかった場合を示す。
図9は、SiC基板1の表面にSiO2膜3を形成した後、SiC基板1を、N2ガス雰囲気中で熱処理(界面窒化処理)する際の温度を、1350℃、1400℃、1600℃で、それぞれ行ったときの界面欠陥密度を測定した結果を示したグラフである。なお、測定は、上述したHigh-Low CV法を用いて行った。また、図中のBで示した破線のグラフは、高温H2ガスでエッチングしなかった場合(界面窒化処理をNOガスで実施)を示す。
上記の実施形態において、SiO2膜3は、SiC基板1上にSi薄膜2を堆積した後、Si薄膜2を、SiC基板1を酸化させない温度で熱酸化することにより形成した。これにより、SiC基板1の表面は酸化されない。また、SiO2膜3を形成した後、界面窒化処理を、高温のN2ガス雰囲気中での熱処理により行うことによって、SiC基板1の表面が酸化されていない状態を維持することができる。
図12は、図11(A)~(C)に示した方法でSiO2膜4を形成したときの、SiO2膜4とSiC基板1との界面における界面欠陥密度のH2ガスエッチング温度依存性を示したグラフである。なお、測定は、上述したHigh-Low CV法を用いて行った。また、図中のBで示した破線のグラフは、高温H2ガスでエッチングしなかった場合(界面窒化処理をNOガスで実施)を示す。
図13は、SiC基板1の表面にSiO2膜4を形成した後、SiC基板1を、N2ガス雰囲気中で熱処理(界面窒化処理)する際の温度を、1300℃、1400℃、1450℃、1600℃で、それぞれ行ったときの界面欠陥密度を測定した結果を示したグラフである。なお、測定は、上述したHigh-Low CV法を用いて行った。また、図中のBで示した破線のグラフは、高温H2ガスでエッチングを施さなかった場合(界面窒化処理をNOガスで実施)を示す。
図14は、SiO2膜4とSiC基板1との界面における窒素原子密度を測定した結果を示したグラフである。測定は、上述したSIMS(二次イオン質量分析法)を用いて行った。横軸は、膜厚方向の位置を示し、ゼロがSiO2膜4とSiC基板1との界面、プラス側がSiC基板内の位置、マイナス側がSiO2膜内の位置を示す。また、縦軸は、窒素原子密度を示す。図中のGで示したグラフは、前処理として、1300℃でH2ガスエッチングを施し、界面窒化処理として、1600℃でN2ガスによる熱処理を施した場合を示す。また、Hで示したグラフは、前処理としてH2ガスエッチングを施さず、界面窒化処理としてNOガスによる熱処理を施した場合を示す。
上述したように、SiC基板1上に、SiC基板1が酸化されない条件でSiO2膜4を堆積した場合でも、反応ガスにO2ガスやN2Oガスが含まれているため、堆積の初期に、SiC基板1の表面がわずかに酸化される場合がある。しかしながら、このような場合でも、前処理として行う高温H2ガスによるエッチングを、Si過剰雰囲気下で行うことによって、SiC基板1の表面に、1~3層程度の極薄Si層が形成されているため、この極薄Si層が酸化されるに止まり、SiC基板1の表面は酸化されない。
本実施形態の製造方法により形成したSiO2膜をゲート絶縁膜として、SiC半導体素子(SiC MOSFET)を構成することができる。このようなSiC半導体素子において、SiC基板とSiO2膜との界面、及び、SiO2膜中に、密度が2×1019cm-3以上の窒素原子が存在している。
2 Si薄膜
3、4 SiO2膜
Claims (11)
- SiC基板の表面を、1200℃以上の温度で、H2ガスでエッチングするステップ(A)と、
前記SiC基板上に、該SiC基板を酸化させない条件で、SiO2膜を形成するステップ(B)と、
前記SiO2膜が形成された前記SiC基板を、1350℃以上の温度で、N2ガス雰囲気中で熱処理するステップ(C)と
を含む、SiC半導体素子の製造方法。 - 前記ステップ(B)は、
前記SiC基板上に、Si薄膜をCVD法により堆積するステップ(B1)と、
前記Si薄膜を、前記SiC基板を酸化させない温度で熱酸化してSiO2膜を形成すステップ(B2)と
を含む、請求項1に記載のSiC半導体素子の製造方法。 - 前記ステップ(A)は、Si過剰雰囲気下において実行され、
前記ステップ(B)は、前記SiC基板上に、CVD法によりSiO2膜を形成するステップ(B3)からなる、請求項1に記載のSiC半導体素子の製造方法。 - 前記ステップ(A)において、前記SiC基板の表面に、1~3層のSi層が形成される、請求項3に記載のSiC半導体素子の製造方法。
- 前記ステップ(B2)は、750~850℃の温度範囲で実行される、請求項2に記載のSiC半導体素子の製造方法。
- 前記ステップ(A)の前に、前記SiC基板を犠牲酸化した後、前記SiC基板の表面に形成された酸化膜をエッチング除去するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載のSiC半導体素子の製造方法。
- 前記ステップ(C)の熱処理後において、前記SiC基板と前記SiO2膜との界面、及び、前記SiO2膜中に、密度が2×1019cm-3以上の窒素原子が存在している、請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載のSiC半導体素子の製造方法。
- 前記ステップ(C)の熱処理後において、伝導帯端より0.3eV低いエネルギー近傍における前記SiC基板と前記SiO2膜との界面欠陥密度が、3×1010cm-2eV-1以下である、請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載のSiC半導体素子の製造方法。
- 前記ステップ(C)の熱処理後の前記SiC基板側に存在する点欠陥において、伝導帯端より1.0eV低いエネルギーにおける点欠陥密度、及び価電子帯端より0.7eV高いエネルギーにおける点欠陥密度が、それぞれ、5×1011cm-3以下である、請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載のSiC半導体素子の製造方法。
- 前記SiC基板は、表面にSiCエピタキシャル層が形成されたSiC基板を含む、請求項1に記載のSiC半導体素子の製造方法。
- SiC基板上にSiO2膜からなるゲート絶縁膜を有するSiC半導体素子であって、
前記SiC基板側に存在する点欠陥であって、伝導帯端より1.0eV低いエネルギーにおける点欠陥密度、及び価電子帯端より0.7eV高いエネルギーにおける点欠陥密度が、それぞれ、5×1011cm-3以下である、SiC半導体素子。
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