JP7377109B2 - 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス - Google Patents
合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス Download PDFInfo
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- JP7377109B2 JP7377109B2 JP2019567388A JP2019567388A JP7377109B2 JP 7377109 B2 JP7377109 B2 JP 7377109B2 JP 2019567388 A JP2019567388 A JP 2019567388A JP 2019567388 A JP2019567388 A JP 2019567388A JP 7377109 B2 JP7377109 B2 JP 7377109B2
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- laminated glass
- layer
- loss coefficient
- interlayer film
- resonance frequency
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- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
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- B32B7/022—Mechanical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/03—3 layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
- B32B2250/246—All polymers belonging to those covered by groups B32B27/32 and B32B27/30
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
- B32B2307/102—Insulating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/08—Cars
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Description
本発明に係る合わせガラス用中間膜(以下、「中間膜」と略記することがある)は、1層の構造又は2層以上の構造を有する。
上記中間膜は、樹脂(以下、樹脂(0)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、樹脂(以下、樹脂(1)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、樹脂(以下、樹脂(2)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、樹脂(以下、樹脂(3)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記樹脂(1)と上記樹脂(2)と上記樹脂(3)とは、同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。遮音性がより一層高くなることから、上記樹脂(1)は、上記樹脂(2)及び上記樹脂(3)と異なっていることが好ましい。上記樹脂(0)、上記樹脂(1)、上記樹脂(2)及び上記樹脂(3)はそれぞれ、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記(メタ)アクリル重合体は、(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する化合物を含む重合性組成物の重合体であることが好ましい。上記重合性組成物は、重合成分を含む。上記(メタ)アクリル重合体を効果的に作製するために、上記重合性組成物は、光反応開始剤を含んでいてもよい。上記重合性組成物は、光反応開始剤とともに、反応を促進するための助剤を含んでいてもよい。上記(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する化合物の代表例としては、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル及びアミド基を有するN置換アクリルアミド等が挙げられる。上記(メタ)アクリル重合体は、ポリ(メタ)アクリル酸エステルであることが好ましい。
本発明の効果に優れることから、上記ポリ酢酸ビニルは、酢酸ビニルと、上記官能基を有するモノマーとを含む重合性組成物の重合体であることが好ましい。
上記ポリエステル樹脂としては、ポリエチレンテレフタレート及びポリエチレンナフタレート等が挙げられる。
上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、例えば、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)をアルデヒドによりアセタール化することにより製造できる。上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、ポリビニルアルコールのアセタール化物であることが好ましい。上記ポリビニルアルコールは、例えば、ポリ酢酸ビニルをけん化することにより得られる。上記ポリビニルアルコールのけん化度は、一般に70モル%~99.9モル%の範囲内である。
上記中間膜は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層(単層の中間膜を含む)は、可塑剤(以下、可塑剤(1)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、可塑剤(以下、可塑剤(2)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、可塑剤(以下、可塑剤(3)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。可塑剤の使用により、またポリビニルアセタール樹脂と可塑剤との併用により、耐衝撃性及び耐貫通性により一層優れ、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂と可塑剤とを含む層の合わせガラス部材又は他の層に対する接着力が適度に高くなる。上記可塑剤は特に限定されない。上記可塑剤(1)と上記可塑剤(2)と上記可塑剤(3)とは同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。上記可塑剤(1)、上記可塑剤(2)及び上記可塑剤(3)はそれぞれ、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、遮熱性物質を含んでいてもよい。上記第1の層は、遮熱性物質を含んでいてもよい。上記第2の層は、遮熱性物質を含んでいてもよい。上記第3の層は、遮熱性物質を含んでいてもよい。上記遮熱性物質は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、アルカリ金属塩及びアルカリ土類金属塩の内の少なくとも1種の金属塩(以下、金属塩Mと記載することがある)を含んでいてもよい。なお、アルカリ土類金属とは、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、及びRaの6種の金属を意味する。上記第1の層は、上記金属塩Mを含んでいてもよい。上記第2の層は、上記金属塩Mを含んでいてもよい。上記第3の層は、上記金属塩Mを含んでいてもよい。上記金属塩Mの使用により、中間膜とガラス板などの合わせガラス部材との接着性又は中間膜における各層間の接着性を制御することが容易になる。上記金属塩Mは、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含んでいてもよい。上記第1の層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含んでいてもよい。上記第2の層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含んでいてもよい。上記第3の層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含んでいてもよい。紫外線遮蔽剤の使用により、中間膜及び合わせガラスが長期間使用されても、可視光線透過率がより一層低下し難くなる。上記紫外線遮蔽剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、酸化防止剤を含んでいてもよい。上記第1の層は、酸化防止剤を含んでいてもよい。上記第2の層は、酸化防止剤を含んでいてもよい。上記第3の層は、酸化防止剤を含んでいてもよい。上記酸化防止剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜、上記第1の層、上記第2の層及び上記第3の層はそれぞれ、必要に応じて、カップリング剤、分散剤、界面活性剤、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、金属塩以外の接着力調整剤、耐湿剤、蛍光増白剤及び赤外線吸収剤等の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。これらの添加剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜の厚みは特に限定されない。実用面の観点、並びに合わせガラスの耐貫通性及び曲げ剛性を充分に高める観点からは、中間膜の厚みは、好ましくは0.1mm以上、より好ましくは0.25mm以上、好ましくは3mm以下、より好ましくは1.5mm以下である。中間膜の厚みが上記下限以上であると、合わせガラスの耐貫通性及び曲げ剛性がより一層高くなる。中間膜の厚みが上記上限以下であると、中間膜の透明性がより一層良好になる。
本発明に係る合わせガラスは、第1の合わせガラス部材と、第2の合わせガラス部材と、上述した合わせガラス用中間膜とを備える。本発明に係る合わせガラスでは、上記第1の合わせガラス部材と上記第2の合わせガラス部材との間に、上述した合わせガラス用中間膜が配置されている。
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(ポリビニルブチラール樹脂(PVB1)、平均重合度3000、水酸基の含有率24モル%、アセチル化度12モル%、アセタール化度(ブチラール化度)64モル%)
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(ポリビニルブチラール樹脂(PVB2)、平均重合度1700、水酸基の含有率30.5モル%、アセチル化度1モル%、アセタール化度(ブチラール化度)68.5モル%)
下記の表1に示す配合組成を有する重合性組成物を、2枚の片面離型処理されたPETシート(ニッパ社製、厚み50μm)に挟み込んで、厚み1mmとなるように重合性組成物層を形成した。なお、2枚のPETシートの周囲にスペーサを配置した。ケミカルランプを用いて、3mWで照射量3000mJ/cm2で紫外線を重合性組成物層に照射することにより、重合性組成物を反応により硬化させて、(メタ)アクリル重合体(1)~(7)、(X1)を得た。
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)
ジブチルアジペート(DBA)
Mg混合物(2-エチル酪酸マグネシウムと酢酸マグネシウムとの50:50(重量比)混合物)
Tinuvin326(2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-t-ブチル-5-メチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール、BASF社製「Tinuvin326」)
BHT(2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール)
第1の層を形成するための組成物の作製:
以下の成分を配合し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、第1の層を形成するための組成物を得た。
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)55重量部
以下の成分を配合し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、第2の層及び第3の層を形成するための組成物を得た。
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)30重量部
得られる第2,第3の層中で70ppmとなる量の金属塩M(Mg混合物)
得られる第2,第3の層中で0.2重量%となる量の紫外線遮蔽剤(Tinuvin326)
得られる第2,第3の層中で0.2重量%となる量の酸化防止剤(BHT)
第1の層を形成するための組成物と、第2の層及び第3の層を形成するための組成物とを、共押出機を用いて共押出しすることにより、第2の層(厚み350μm)/第1の層(厚み100μm)/第3の層(厚み350μm)の積層構造を有する中間膜(厚み800μm)を作製した。
JIS R3202に準拠した幅25mm、長さ300mm及び厚さ2mmのクリアフロートガラス2枚の間に中間膜を挟み、積層体を得た。得られた積層体をゴムバック内に入れ、2.6kPaの真空度で20分間脱気した後、脱気したままオーブン内に移し、更に90℃で30分間保持して真空プレスし、積層体を予備圧着した。オートクレーブ中で135℃及び圧力1.2MPaの条件で、予備圧着された積層体を20分間圧着し、合わせガラス(1)を得た。また、縦300mm及び横300mm及び厚み2mmのクリアフロートガラスを用いたこと以外は合わせガラス(1)と同様にして、合わせガラス(2)を得た。
樹脂の種類、可塑剤の種類及び含有量を表2に示すように変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、中間膜、合わせガラス(1)、合わせガラス(2)を得た。
(1)ピール強度
上記中間膜を作製した方法と同様にして第1の層(ピール強度測定用第1の層、厚み100μm)、第2の層(ピール強度測定用第2の層、厚み350μm)及び第3の層(ピール強度測定用第3の層、厚み350μm)をそれぞれ作製した。得られたピール強度測定用第1の層及びピール強度測定用第2の層を幅10mm及び長さ50mmにカットした。また、得られたピール強度測定用第3の層を幅20mm及び長さ50mmにカットした。カットした上記第1の層とカットした上記第2の層とを常温でラミネートして、積層体を得た。得られた積層体における第1の層と、カットした上記第3の層とが貼り合わさるように140℃でラミネートし、「第2の層/第1の層」(幅10mm)/「第3の層」(幅20mm)の構造を有するピール強度評価用サンプルを得た。ピール強度評価用サンプルにおける第1の層と第3の層との間を180度方向に剥離速度300mm/minで剥離することでピール強度を求めた。
-20±2℃にて合わせガラス(2)を4時間以上保管した。保管後の合わせガラス(2)について、JIS R3211又はJIS R3212に準拠して-20±2℃にて合わせガラス(2)の縦方向の中央の位置かつ横方向の中央の位置に、質量227±2g及び直径38mmの鋼球を高さ9.5mから落下させた。上記中間膜の上記第1の層と上記第2の層との界面における剥離面積を上述の式を用いて求めた。
○○:剥離面積が0%以上10%以下
○:剥離面積が10%を超え50%以下
×:剥離面積が50%を超える
得られた合わせガラス(1)のISO16940に準拠した機械インピーダンス測定において、20℃での中央加振法により測定される2次共振周波数での損失係数、3次共振周波数での損失係数、4次共振周波数での損失係数、5次共振周波数での損失係数を求めた。なお、20℃での中央加振法により測定される損失係数の算出方法は、周波数応答関数より半値幅法にて算出した。また、3dB未満における半値幅法での算出が不可能な場合はndB幅法を用いて損失係数を算出した。
CTFA:環状トリメチロールプロパンホルマールアクリレート(大阪有機化学工業社製、ビスコート#200)
アクリル酸(日本触媒社製)
ベンジルアクリレート(大阪有機化学工業社製)
CHA:シクロヘキシルアクリレート(大阪有機化学工業社製、ビスコート#155)
HPA:ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレート(大阪有機化学工業社製)
DMAA:ジメチルアクリルアミド(KJケミカル社製)
2-EHA:アクリル酸2-エチルヘキシル(日本触媒社製)
BA:アクリル酸n-ブチル(日本触媒社製)
IRGACURE 184:2,2-ジメトキシ-1,2-ジフェニルエタン-1-オン(BASF社製)
1a…第1の表面
1b…第2の表面
2…第2の層
2a…外側の表面
3…第3の層
3a…外側の表面
11…中間膜
11A…中間膜(第1の層)
11a…第1の表面
11b…第2の表面
21…第1の合わせガラス部材
22…第2の合わせガラス部材
31,31A…合わせガラス
Claims (17)
- 1層又は2層以上の構造を有する合わせガラス用中間膜であり、
下記の作製方法により合わせガラスXを得たときに、前記合わせガラスXのISO16940に準拠した機械インピーダンス測定において、20℃での中央加振法により測定される2次共振周波数での損失係数が0.4以上であり、3次共振周波数での損失係数が0.4以上であり、4次共振周波数での損失係数が0.4以上である、合わせガラス用中間膜。
合わせガラスXの作製方法:JIS R3202に準拠した幅25mm、長さ300mm及び厚さ2mmのクリアフロートガラス2枚を用意する。幅25mm及び長さ300mmの中間膜を用意する。2枚のクリアフロートガラスの間に中間膜を挟み、積層体Xを得る。得られた積層体Xをゴムバック内に入れ、2.6kPaの真空度で20分間脱気した後、脱気したままオーブン内に移し、更に90℃で30分間保持して真空プレスし、積層体Xを予備圧着する。オートクレーブ中で135℃及び圧力1.2MPaの条件で、予備圧着された積層体Xを20分間圧着し、合わせガラスXを得る。 - 前記合わせガラスXのISO16940に準拠した機械インピーダンス測定において、20℃での中央加振法により測定される5次共振周波数での損失係数が0.4以上である、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記2次共振周波数での損失係数が0.5以上であり、
前記3次共振周波数での損失係数が0.5以上であり、
前記4次共振周波数での損失係数が0.5以上である、請求項1又は2に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 前記3次共振周波数での損失係数が、前記2次共振周波数での損失係数よりも大きい、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記4次共振周波数での損失係数が、前記2次共振周波数での損失係数よりも大きい、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 2層以上の構造を有し、
第1の層と、
前記第1の層の第1の表面に積層された第2の層とを備え、
前記第1の層が、(メタ)アクリル重合体と、可塑剤とを含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 3層以上の構造を有し、
前記第1の層の前記第1の表面とは反対側の第2の表面に積層された第3の層を備える、請求項6に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 中間膜を、厚さ2mmのクリアフロートガラス2枚の間に配置して、縦300mm、横300mmのサイズを有する合わせガラスYを得て、得られた合わせガラスYについて下記の-20℃での耐衝撃性試験をしたときに、前記第1の層と前記第2の層との界面における剥離面積が50%以下である、請求項6又は7に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
-20℃での耐衝撃性試験:-20±2℃にて合わせガラスYを4時間以上保管する。保管後の合わせガラスYについて、JIS R3211又はJIS R3212に準拠して-20±2℃にて合わせガラスYの縦方向の中央の位置かつ横方向の中央の位置に、質量227±2g及び直径38mmの鋼球を高さ9.5mから落下させる。中間膜の前記第1の層と前記第2の層との界面における剥離面積を求める。 - 第1の合わせガラス部材と、
第2の合わせガラス部材と、
請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜とを備え、
前記第1の合わせガラス部材と前記第2の合わせガラス部材との間に、前記合わせガラス用中間膜が配置されている、合わせガラス。 - 第1の合わせガラス部材と、
第2の合わせガラス部材と、
1層又は2層以上の構造を有する合わせガラス用中間膜とを備え、
ISO16940に準拠した機械インピーダンス測定において、20℃での中央加振法により測定される2次共振周波数での損失係数が0.4以上であり、3次共振周波数での損失係数が0.4以上であり、4次共振周波数での損失係数が0.4以上である、合わせガラス。 - ISO16940に準拠した機械インピーダンス測定において、20℃での中央加振法により測定される5次共振周波数での損失係数が0.4以上である、請求項10に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記2次共振周波数での損失係数が0.5以上であり、
前記3次共振周波数での損失係数が0.5以上であり、
前記4次共振周波数での損失係数が0.5以上である、請求項10又は11に記載の合わせガラス。 - 前記3次共振周波数での損失係数が、前記2次共振周波数での損失係数よりも大きい、請求項10~12のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記4次共振周波数での損失係数が、前記2次共振周波数での損失係数よりも大きい、請求項10~13のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記中間膜は、2層以上の構造を有し、
前記中間膜は、第1の層と、前記第1の層の第1の表面に積層された第2の層とを備え、
前記第1の層が、アクリル樹脂と、可塑剤とを含む、請求項10~14のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス。 - 前記中間膜は、3層以上の構造を有し、
前記中間膜は、前記第1の層の前記第1の表面とは反対側の第2の表面に積層された第3の層を備える、請求項15に記載の合わせガラス。 - 下記の-20℃での耐衝撃性試験をしたときに、前記第1の層と前記第2の層との界面における剥離面積が50%以下である、請求項15又は16に記載の合わせガラス。
-20℃での耐衝撃性試験:-20±2℃にて合わせガラスを4時間以上保管する。保管後の合わせガラスについて、JIS R3211又はJIS R3212に準拠して-20±2℃にて合わせガラスの縦方向の中央の位置かつ横方向の中央の位置に、質量227±2g及び直径38mmの鋼球を高さ9.5mから落下させる。前記中間膜の前記第1の層と前記第2の層との界面における剥離面積を求める。
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