JP7376936B2 - サーモトロピック液晶ポリマーを使用した付加製造 - Google Patents
サーモトロピック液晶ポリマーを使用した付加製造 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C71/00—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
- B29C71/02—Thermal after-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
本発明の好ましい実施形態を、図面を参照して以下に説明するが、これは本発明の好ましい本実施形態を例示するためのものであり、本発明を限定する目的のものではない。図面において、LCPとは、Celanese CorporationからVectra A950という商品名で市販されている液晶ポリマーを指し、これはサーモトロピック液晶ポリエステルである。
Ticona GmbH(ドイツ)から市販されている液晶ポリマーVECTRA(登録商標)A950(LCP)を、押出成形前に150℃で12時間乾燥させた。LCPフィラメントは、その長手方向軸に沿った4つのゾーンで280、290、290及び260℃に加熱された単軸押出機(Teach-Line(登録商標)E20 T、Collin社、ドイツ)を使用して製造した。フィラメントを60rpmで押し出し、水浴(Teach-Line(登録商標)WB850、Collin社、ドイツ)で冷却した後、改良型フラットフィルムライン(Teach-Line(登録商標)CR72 T、Collin社、ドイツ)で回収した。フィラメント直径が1.75mmになるようにコレクターロールの回転数を調整した。フィラメントをFDMスプールに巻き付けて、使用前に70℃で少なくとも24時間乾燥させた。
市販の熱溶解積層法(FDM)プリンター(Ultimaker 2+、Ultimaker社、オランダ)を、温度が最大400℃となるようにギア付きダイレクトドライブ押出機とall-metal V6 hotend(E3D社、イギリス)とで改良した。ホウケイ酸ガラスの造形プレートを90℃に加熱し、LCPでプリントする前にPVA系の接着剤スプレー(3DLac社、スペイン)の薄い層でコーティングすることで、ベッドの接着性を向上させ、反りを減らした。総じて、部品は、部品用冷却ファンが20%で動作している状態で、295℃にて35mm/sの速度でプリントした。プリンティングラインについては、ガラス表面に接触するラインの品質を向上させるために、速度を20mm/sに下げた。
固体熱アニーリングは、一定の窒素流下にサンプルを270℃に0~96時間加熱して行った。固体架橋は、プリントされたサンプルのカルボキシル基間の後縮合反応により起こると考えられる。アニーリングプロセス中に変形しないように、サンプルはポリイミドテープで鋼板に固定した。
表面(造形プレート)から垂直方向にプリントされ、ガラス表面上を上向き(z方向)及び水平方向に移動するフィラメントについて引張試験を実施した。自由押出時にカールしない縦型のフィラメントを製造するために、供給材料をまず水平方向にプリントして基材に十分密着するようにした。縦型フィラメントと横型フィラメントとをそれぞれノズル直径と表面までの距離を変化させてプリントした。さらに、ノズル温度及びアニーリング時間の影響を両方のプリンティング構成で調べた。
20kN容量のロードセルを備えたZ020(Zwick社、ドイツ)万能試験機を使用して引張試験を行った。公称幅5mm、長さ110mm及び厚さ2mmの一方向引張試験片(ISO527-5)を、試験方向に対して0°~90°でプリントフィラメントの向きを変化させてプリントした。サンプルは、結合されたガラス繊維強化ポリマーエンドタブでクランプ領域に支持し、ゲージ長は65mmとなった。試験片を、2mm/分の変位制御速度で試験した。データ解析を、カスタムMATLAB(登録商標)スクリプトを使用して実施した。プリント方向に加えて、異なる層高さ、温度、及びアニーリング時間の影響を調査した。
曲げ試験は、AGS-X(島津製作所、日本)の万能試験機を用いて、24mmスパンの3点曲げ設定値により行った。厚さ(層高さ)が異なるサンプルを2mm/分の変位制御速度でアニーリング前後に測定した。試験片の形状及び曲げ試験の設定は、ISO 14125に準拠して選択した。試験片内の一定のせん断応力の影響を限定した曲げ応力状態を保証するために、スパンと厚さとの比を16とした。
Claims (10)
- 付加製造装置において物体を製造するための付加製造法であって、前記物体を、ポリマー組成物の1本又は複数本の個々の固体フィラメント状ユニットで形成し、前記付加製造法は、以下の工程:
- 溶融状態のポリマー組成物をプリントヘッドのノズルから吐出させ、それによって、前記プリントヘッドのノズルから吐出される前記溶融状態のポリマー組成物に配向流を付与し、前記吐出された溶融状態のポリマー組成物を少なくとも1つの所定のパスに沿って堆積させ、このようにして形成された1本又は複数本のフィラメント状ユニットを固化させて、製造すべき物体の1本又は複数本の固体フィラメント状ユニットを形成する工程と、
- 任意に、前記物体が形成されるまで前記工程を繰り返す工程と
を含み、
前記ポリマー組成物は、前記ポリマー組成物の唯一のポリマー成分としてのサーモトロピック液晶ポリマーから成るか、又は前記ポリマー組成物の唯一のポリマー成分としてのサーモトロピック液晶ポリマーと添加剤若しくは補強繊維とから成る、前記付加製造法において、前記1本又は複数本のフィラメント状ユニットの最小厚さが0.2mm~0.01mmであることを特徴とする、付加製造法。 - 前記プリントヘッドのノズルから溶融状態で吐出される前記ポリマー組成物が溶融液晶状態である、請求項1に記載の付加製造法。
- 前記溶融状態のポリマー組成物を、さらに強制対流によって冷却して固体フィラメント状ユニットを形成する、請求項1又は2に記載の付加製造法。
- 形成された前記物体を、その後、前記サーモトロピック液晶ポリマーの融点を100℃未満で下回る温度にて、最大48時間アニール処理する、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の付加製造法。
- 前記溶融液晶状態のポリマー組成物を、非直線的なパスに沿って前記プリントヘッドのノズルから吐出させる、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の付加製造法。
- 前記サーモトロピック液晶ポリマーが芳香族ポリエステルである、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の付加製造法。
- 前記プリントヘッドのノズルから溶融状態で吐出される前記ポリマー組成物が、前記サーモトロピック液晶ポリマーの融点を50℃超で上回らない温度を有する、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の付加製造法。
- 前記ノズルのオリフィスが、実質的に円形のオリフィスを有し、0.05mm~0.635mmの直径を有するか、又は、実質的に長方形のオリフィスを有し、0.05~0.635mmの直径を有する、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の付加製造法。
- 前記サーモトロピック液晶ポリマーが、4-ヒドロキシ安息香酸と6-ヒドロキシナフタレン-2-カルボン酸との重縮合によって得られるポリエステルである、請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の付加製造法。
- 前記プリントヘッドのノズルから溶融状態で吐出される前記ポリマー組成物が、前記サーモトロピック液晶ポリマーの融点を5℃超で上回らない温度を有する、請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の付加製造法。
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JP2016518267A (ja) | 2013-03-22 | 2016-06-23 | マーク,グレゴリー,トーマス | 三次元印刷法 |
JP2017025187A (ja) | 2015-07-21 | 2017-02-02 | 武藤工業株式会社 | 複合樹脂材料、及びその製造方法 |
US20180036952A1 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2018-02-08 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V., | Multilayer extrusion method for material extrusion additive manufacturing |
JP2018069570A (ja) | 2016-10-28 | 2018-05-10 | 株式会社リコー | 三次元造形装置、載置部材及び三次元造形物の製造方法 |
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US20180036952A1 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2018-02-08 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V., | Multilayer extrusion method for material extrusion additive manufacturing |
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JP2018069570A (ja) | 2016-10-28 | 2018-05-10 | 株式会社リコー | 三次元造形装置、載置部材及び三次元造形物の製造方法 |
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