JP7353361B2 - バシラス・アミロリクエファシエンスfcc1256組成物および植物病原菌の防除方法 - Google Patents
バシラス・アミロリクエファシエンスfcc1256組成物および植物病原菌の防除方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7353361B2 JP7353361B2 JP2021517193A JP2021517193A JP7353361B2 JP 7353361 B2 JP7353361 B2 JP 7353361B2 JP 2021517193 A JP2021517193 A JP 2021517193A JP 2021517193 A JP2021517193 A JP 2021517193A JP 7353361 B2 JP7353361 B2 JP 7353361B2
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- bacillus amyloliquefaciens
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/12—Powders or granules
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Description
本発明の特定の実施形態では、感受性の高い植物における病原菌感染に対する保護を付与するために植物に適用するためのバシラス・アミロリクエファシエンスFCC1256を含む組成物および方法が提供される。本発明の方法により、植物病原菌を防除することは、病原菌感染の減少、植物病原菌に対する抵抗性の向上(例えば、その後の攻撃に対する抵抗性)、苗の活力の向上、根の発達の向上、植物の成長の向上、植物の健康の向上、収量の増加、外観の向上、またはそれらの組合せに反映される。
ウスチラゴ種(Ustilago spp.)(ウスチラゴ・ヌーダ(Ustilago nuda)、ウスチラゴ・マイディス(Ustilago maydis)、ウスチラゴ・サイタミネア(Ustilago scitaminea)など)、麦角種(Claviceps spp.)(クラビセプス・ププレア(Claviceps puprrea)など)、ティレチア種(Tilletia spp.)(ティレチア・トリチシ(Tilletia tritici)、ティレチア・ラエビス(Tilletia laevis)、ティレチア・ホリド(Tilletia horrid)、ティレチア・コントロベルサ(Tilletia controversa)など)、フォーマ種(Phoma spp.)(フォーマ・グリシニコラ(Phoma glycinicola)、フォーマ・エキシグア(Phoma exigua)、フォーマ・リンガム(Phoma lingam)など)、コクリオボラス種(Cocliobolus spp.)(コクリオボラス・サチバス(Cocliobolus sativus)など)、ガエウマノマイセス種(Gaeumanomyces spp.)(ガエウマノマイセス・ガミニス(Gaeumanomyces gaminis)、コレトトリカム種、リコスポリウム種(Rhychosporium spp.)(リコスポリウム・セカリス(Rhychosporium secalis)など)、ビオポラリス種(Biopolaris spp.)、ヘルミントスポリウム種(Helminthosporium spp.)(ヘルミントスポリウム・セカリス(Helminthosporium secalis)、ヘルミントスポリウム・マイディス(Helminthosporium maydis)、ヘルミントスポリウム・ソライ(Helminthosporium solai)、ヘルミントスポリウム・トリチシレペンチス(Helminthosporium triticirepentis)、およびこれらの亜種のバリアントを含むこれらの組合せ、からなる群から選択される植物病原菌を防除するために、バシラス・アミロリクエファシエンスFCC1256を含む組成物を、植物に、植物の一部に、および/または植物もしくは植物の一部が生育するもしくは植えられる予定の部位に、適用することを含む。
ダイズさび病菌(ファコプソラ・パキリジ、ファコプソラ・メイボミアエ)、植物はダイズである;
灰色かび病(灰色かび病菌)、植物はブドウ、ストロベリー、またはコショウである;
アルテルナリア種(例えばアルテルナリア・ソラニ)、植物はトマトまたはジャガイモである;
マメさび病(ウロマイセス・アペンディキュラタス)、植物は一般的なマメである;
ミクロスファエラ・ディフューザ(Microsphaera diffusa)(ダイズうどんこ病)、植物はダイズである;
ミコスファエレラ・フィジエンシス(ブラックシガトガ)またはフザリウム・オキシスポラムf種キューベンセ(パナマ病)、植物はバナナである;
キサントモナス種またはイネ白葉枯病菌病原型オリザエ、植物はイネである;
かいよう病菌、植物はキャッサバである;
キサントモナス・カンペストリス、植物はトマトである;
うどんこ病、植物はウリ科植物である;
南部白かび病、植物はピーナッツを含む;
斑点病(セルコスポラ/セルコスポリディウム)、植物はピーナッツである;
ムギノアカカビ病菌(コムギ赤かび病)、植物はコムギである;
ミコスファエレラ・グラミノコラ(コムギ葉枯病菌(Septoria tritici)斑点)、植物はコムギである;
スタゴノスポラ・ノドラム(苞穎斑点、セプトリア・ノドラム(Septoria nodorum)斑点、植物はコムギである;
火傷病菌、植物はリンゴ、ナシ、その他のナシ状果から選択される;
ベンチュリア・イナエキュアリス、植物はリンゴ、ナシ、その他のナシ状果から選択される;
スクレロティニア・スクレロチオラム(白かび)、植物はスナップインゲンまたはジャガイモである;
スクレロティニア・ホメオカルパ(ダラースポット病)、植物は芝を含む;
または
リゾクトニア・ソラニ、植物は、コムギ、イネ、芝、ダイズ、トウモロコシ、マメ科植物、および野菜農作物から選択される。
本明細書に記載の組成物および以下でさらに詳述するその実施形態は、以上に記載の方法において特に有用であるが、そのような用途に限定されるものではない。本見出しで記載した組成物は、すぐに使用できる組成物であることを意図している。一部の実施形態では、例えば、輸送コストを削減するため、または保存可能期間を延長するためなどで、使用前に希釈してすぐに使用できる農業用組成物に到達するのに適した濃縮組成物を製造するのが便利である場合がある。そのような濃縮製剤は、「農業用組成物のための濃縮物」の見出しの下で後にさらに説明する。
ピラゾホス、トルクロホスメチル、ジクロフルアニド、フルスルファミド、ヘキサクロロベンゼン、フタリド、ペンシクロン、キントゼン、チオファネート、チオファネートメチル、トリルフルアニド、シフルフェナミド、シモキサニル、ジメチリモール、エチリモール、フララキシル、メトラフェノンおよびスピロキサミン、グアザチン酢酸塩、イミノクタジン三酢酸塩、イミノクタジントリス(アルベシレート(albesilate))、カスガマイシン塩酸塩水和物、ジクロロフェン、ペンタクロロフェノールおよびその塩、N-(4-クロロ-2-ニトロ-フェニル)-N-エチル-4-メチル-ベンゼンスルホンアミド、ジクロラン、ニトロタールイソプロピル、テクナゼン、ビフェニル、ブロノポール、ジフェニルアミン、ミルジオマイシン、オキシン銅、プロヘキサジオンカルシウム、N-(シクロプロピルメトキシイミノ-(6-ジフルオロメトキシ-2,3-ジフルオロ-フェニル)-メチル)-2-フェニルアセトアミド、N’-(4-(4-クロロ-3-トリフルオロメチル-フェノキシ)-2,5-ジメチル-フェニル)-N-エチル-N-メチルホルムアミジン、N’-(4-(4-フルオロ-3-トリフルオロメチル-フェノキシ)-2,5-ジメチル-フェニル)-N-エチル-N-メチルホルムアミジン、N’-(2-メチル-5-トリフルオロメチル-4-(3-トリメチルシラニル-プロポキシ)-フェニル)-N-エチル-N-メチルホルムアミジン、N’-(5-ジフルオロメチル-2-メチル-4-(3-トリメチルシラニル-プロポキシ)-フェニル)-N-エチル-N-メチルホルムアミジン、およびフルインダピル、を含む他の殺真菌剤。
本発明は、農業用組成物の濃縮物であって:a)バシラス・アミロリクエファシエンスFCC1256、ならびにb)適切な担体、界面活性剤および場合により緩衝剤を含む農業的に適切な製剤媒体を含む濃縮物にも関する。
イツリン、フェンギシン、サーファクチンの同定
C18カラムの逆相LC-DADで、すべての3つのリポペプチドファミリーを同時に検出できるスクリーニンググラジエントを用いて、サンプルを分析した。移動相は,水とアセトニトリルに0.1%のギ酸を加えたものを使用した。化合物の同定は,基準の標準物質と比較した保持時間とUVスペクトルに基づいて行った。
サンプルのCFU(液体サンプルの場合はCFU/mL、固体サンプルの場合はCFU/gで表示)は、BS EN 15784:2009(「Animal feeding stuffs. Isolation and enumeration of presumptive Bacillus spp.」)にしたがって測定した。
本明細書でバシラス・アミロリクエファシエンスFCC1256と指定された植物関連細菌株は、Autryville、NC、USAのイチゴ栽培土壌から分離した。バシラス・アミロリクエファシエンスFCC1256の菌株は、2015年5月12日に、Manassas、Virginia、USAにあるAmerican Type Culture Collection(ATCC)に、「特許手続上の微生物の寄託の国際的承認に関するブタペスト条約(Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure)」の条件に基づいて寄託され、特許登録番号PTA-122162を有している。
バシラス・アミロリクエファシエンスFCC1256を、グリセリンストックから、869固体培地に最初に画線塗布し、固体培地は:トリプトン10g、酵母抽出物5g、D-グルコース1g、CaCl2 0.3g、粉末寒天15gを含んでいた(1L中)。30℃で一晩インキュベートした後、シングルコロニーを拾い上げ、250mLの振盪フラスコの培地50mLに接種し、この培地は:ペプトン10g、酵母抽出物6g、KCl 2g、MgSO4・7H2O 0.1gを含んでいた(1L中)。オートクレーブ滅菌後、次の液剤を培地に加えた:20%グルコース 5mL、1M CaCl2 1mL、0.1M MnCl2 1mLおよび0.1M FeSO4 10μL。振盪フラスコを30℃、200rpmの振盪インキュベーターでOD600が1.0になるまで培養した。細胞ペレットを回収し、発酵槽(ワーキングボリューム1.5L、Bioflo 320、Eppendorf)に接種した。発酵は30℃で行い、撹拌速度は800rpm、空気供給量は2L/minとした。発酵中にサンプルを採取し、細胞の成長、細胞の胞子形成、代謝物の濃度をモニターした。168時間の発酵後、バシラス・アミロリクエファシエンスFCC1256のほとんどの細胞が胞子化したので、培養液全体を採取した。
バシラス・アミロリクエファシエンスFCC1256、およびQST713をTSAプレートに播種し、30℃で一晩(16~18時間)培養した。続いて、シングルコロニーを培地に移した(成長培地 H2O、914.3mL;NH4NO3、8g;Na2HPO4、7.15g;KH2PO4、6.8g;酵母抽出物0.5g;7.5に4M KOH 4mLで調整;成長培地45mLを250mLのバッフル付きフラスコに移し、121℃で15分間オートクレーブした)。オートクレーブ後、各フラスコに以下の液剤:0.1M CaCl2 5μL、0.1M MnCl2 5μL、0.1M FeSO4 35μL、0.1M ZnCl2 5μL、1M MgSO4 100μL、グルコース50%溶液(最終濃度40g/L)4mL)を加え、30℃、連続攪拌(220rpm)下で168時間インキュベートした。菌株は、GL 45スレッド(Duran(登録商標)、Germany)を備えた250mLのバッフル付きフラスコで培養し、最終ワーキングボリュームは50mLであった。
拮抗特性に加えて、バシラス・アミロリクエファシエンスFCC1256について様々な表現型の特色も測定し、そのデータを以下の表3に示す。アッセイは、表3の下の本文に記載されている手法にしたがって行った。
植物病原菌であるコショウ灰色かび病(灰色かび病菌)の影響をFCC1256が予防および/または改善する能力を調べるために、温室でコショウを使った研究を行った。
単離したFCC1256の胞子を、1×108CFU/mLの濃度で100%使用済み発酵ブロス(SFB)に配合した(すなわち、再構成された発酵ブロス濃縮物)。同様のFCC1256製剤を、栄養成分を添加して製造した(1リットルあたりショ糖2g+酵母抽出物1.5g+MgSO4・7H2O 0.2g)。
トラック噴霧器を用いて、温室内の28日齢のコショウに上記の各製剤を接種した。トラック噴霧器には、276kPa(40psi)の圧力のオーバーヘッドノズル(TeeJet SS8001E Flat Fan)が1つ付いていた。ノズルの高さは、コショウの葉から36cm(14インチ)の高さであった。適用量は200L/haで、実験の繰り返し回数は6回とした。処理された植物は、何も処理されていない対照植物とともに、1回接種された。
処理適用の1日後に、試験植物を灰色かび病菌に500,000分生子/mLの感染率で感染させた。
植物病原菌であるコショウフィトフトラ胴枯れ病(フィトフトラ・カプシシ)の影響をFCC1256が予防および/または改善する能力を調べるために、温室でコショウを使った研究を行った。
単離したFCC1256の胞子を、1×108CFU/mLの濃度で100%使用済み発酵ブロス(SFB)に配合した(すなわち、再構成された発酵ブロス濃縮物)。同様のFCC1256製剤を、栄養成分を添加して製造した(1リットルあたりショ糖2g+酵母抽出物1.5g+MgSO4・7H2O 0.2g)。
28日齢のコショウ植物の土壌に、上述の各製剤を含む水10mLを浸み込ませた。各実験の繰り返し回数は6回とした。処理された植物は、何も処理されていない対照植物とともに、1回接種された。
各試験において、処理適用と同日に、試験植物をフィトフトラ・カプシシFF157に1,000遊走子/mLの割合で1mL感染させた。
コショウ(ピペル・カプシカム(Piper capsicum))植物を、20~25℃、日照時間14~16時間の温室で6~7週間育てた。各株の中央部から完全に展開した葉を4枚採取し、湿らせたろ紙を敷いたペトリ皿に入れた。葉に、水(無処理対照)、Serenade(登録商標)Optimumの懸濁液(陽性対照)またはFCC1256発酵物(2つの異なるバッチ)を噴霧した。その後、ペトリ皿に蓋をして、インキュベーションのために温室とほぼ同じ生育条件に設定したグロースチャンバー内に置いた。
FCC1256の濃縮物を以下のように製造した:20% FCC1256発酵物濃縮物、45% 水、30% グリセリン(86.5%)、5% Marasperse AG(リグノスルホン酸ナトリウム;陰イオン性分散剤)を混合し、HK2PO4・H2O/KH2PO4緩衝液を用いてpHを6.0~7.5に調整した。最終組成物の胞子含有量(FCC1256)は、一般的には1.0×1010CFU/mLから1.0×1012CFU/mLの範囲であった。
FCC1256の組成物を以下のように製造した:50% FCC1256発酵物濃縮物、4.8% 水、40% グリセリン(86.5%)、5% Marasperse AG(リグノスルホン酸ナトリウム;陰イオン性分散剤)、0.1%消泡剤および0.1%Kelzan(増粘剤)を混合し、HK2PO4・H2O/KH2PO4緩衝液を用いてpHを6.0~7.5に調整した。最終組成物の胞子含有量(FCC1256)は、一般的には1.0×1010CFU/mLから1.0×1012CFU/mLの範囲であった。
上記の(a)または(b)の濃縮物を、1:12の割合で水で希釈して農業用組成物を生成した。この組成物は、例えば200~600L/haの割合で適用することができる。
FCC1256、DSM7、RTI472、およびRTI301の4種類の異なるバシラス・アミロリクエファシエンス株を、60mLの培養液を入れた500mLの振盪フラスコを用いて小規模に発酵させたこと以外は、同様の条件で発酵させた(実施例2参照)。培養温度は28℃で、撹拌は200rpm、インキュベーション時間は144時間であった。この発酵では、それぞれおよそ1×107CFU/mLの胞子濃度が得られた。
%対照A=100*((%重症度A-%重症度無処理)/%重症度無処理)
を用いて試験菌株の効能を算出した。
本明細書中で言及されているすべての出版物、特許出願、特許、およびその他の参考文献は、その全体が参照によって組み入れられる。
Claims (17)
- 植物上の植物病原菌を防除する方法であって、ATCC番号PTA-122162として寄託されたバシラス・アミロリクエファシエンスFCC1256を含む組成物を、植物に、植物の一部に、および/または植物もしくは植物の一部が生育するもしくは植えられる予定の部位に、適用する工程を含む前記方法。
- 植物上の真菌性植物病原菌および/または細菌性植物病原菌を防除する方法であって、ATCC番号PTA-122162として寄託されたバシラス・アミロリクエファシエンスFCC1256を含む組成物を、植物の地上部分に適用する工程を含む前記方法。
- 組成物は液状であり、バシラス・アミロリクエファシエンスFCC1256が組成物中に1.0×106CFU/mLから1.0×1012CFU/mLの濃度で存在する、請求項1または2のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 組成物は、懸濁液、懸濁液濃縮物(SC)、油分散体(OD)および発泡体から選択される液剤の形態である、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 組成物は固体状であり、バシラス・アミロリクエファシエンスFCC1256が組成物中に1.0×106CFU/gから1.0×1012CFU/gの濃度で存在する、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 組成物は、粉塵性粉末(DP)、穎粒水和剤(WG)および水和剤(WP)から選択される固体製剤の形態である、請求項1、2および5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 組成物は4.0×109CFU/haから4.0×1017CFU/haの割合で適用される、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 植物病原菌は、灰色かび病菌、ボトリチス・スクアモサ、ムギノアカカビ病菌、フザリウム・オキシスポラム、フザリウム・ヴィグリフォルメ、ジャガイモ疫病菌、フィトフトラ・パラシティカ、フィトフトラ・ソジャエ、フィトフトラ・カプシシ、フィトフトラ・シナモン、フィトフトラ・フラガリアエ、フィトフトラ・ラモラム、フィトフトラ・パルミヴォラ、フィトフトラ・ニコチアナエ、スクレロティニア・スクレロチオラム、スクレロティニア・ミノール、スクレロティニア・ホメオカルパ、黄色コウジ菌、シュードモナス・シリンガエ病原型トマト、火傷病菌、リゾクトニア・ソラニ、キサントモナス・ユーベシカトリア、およびこれらの任意の組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 植物は、コショウ、キュウリ、リンゴ、アスパラガス、ベリー類、バナナ、柑橘類、キウイ、メロン、モモ、ナシ、パイナップル、ナシ状果、ザクロ、セロリ、タマネギ、ニンニク、ブドウ、リーク、エシャロット、チャイブ、ブロッコリー、キャベツ、カリフラワー、ウリ科植物、トマト、ジャガイモ、コムギ、コメ、およびダイズから選択される、請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 組成物は、1.3:1.0から3.0:1.0の範囲の相対質量比でイツリンとフェンギシンを含む、請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 組成物は、適切な担体、界面活性剤および場合により緩衝剤を含む農業的に適切な製剤媒体をさらに含む、請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 農業用組成物であって、
a)ATCC番号PTA-122162として寄託されたバシラス・アミロリクエファシエンスFCC1256、ならびに
b)適切な担体、界面活性剤および場合により緩衝剤を含む農業的に適切な製剤媒体、
を含む前記農業用組成物。 - 組成物は、1.3:1.0から3.0:1.0の範囲の相対質量比でイツリンとフェンギシンを含む、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- 組成物は、懸濁液、懸濁液濃縮物(SC)、油分散体(OD)および発泡体、粉塵性粉末(DP)、穎粒水和剤(WG)および水和剤(WP)から選択される製剤である、請求項12または13のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 農業用組成物の濃縮物であって、
a)ATCC番号PTA-122162として寄託されたバシラス・アミロリクエファシエンスFCC1256、ならびに
b)適切な担体、界面活性剤および場合により緩衝剤を含む農業的に適切な製剤媒体、
を含む前記農業用組成物の濃縮物。 - 濃縮物は、懸濁液濃縮物(SCまたはSD)、超低容量懸濁液(SU)、種子処理用懸濁液(FS)、油分散体(OD)、ペースト(PA)、ゲル(GD)、穎粒水和剤(WG)、粉塵性粉末(DP)、水分散性錠剤(WT)、スラリー処理用水分散性粉末(WS)、および水和剤(WP)から選択される製剤の形態である、請求項15に記載の濃縮物。
- 濃縮物は、1.3:1.0から3.0:1.0の範囲の相対質量比でイツリンとフェンギシンを含む、請求項15または16に記載の濃縮物。
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