JP7348203B2 - 冷媒圧縮機及びこれを用いた機器 - Google Patents
冷媒圧縮機及びこれを用いた機器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7348203B2 JP7348203B2 JP2020556083A JP2020556083A JP7348203B2 JP 7348203 B2 JP7348203 B2 JP 7348203B2 JP 2020556083 A JP2020556083 A JP 2020556083A JP 2020556083 A JP2020556083 A JP 2020556083A JP 7348203 B2 JP7348203 B2 JP 7348203B2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/02—Lubrication
- F04B39/0215—Lubrication characterised by the use of a special lubricant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
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- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
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- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
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- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M107/22—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
- C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
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- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/02—Lubrication
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/02—Lubrication
- F04B39/0223—Lubrication characterised by the compressor type
- F04B39/023—Hermetic compressors
- F04B39/0238—Hermetic compressors with oil distribution channels
- F04B39/0246—Hermetic compressors with oil distribution channels in the rotating shaft
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/02—Lubrication
- F04B39/0223—Lubrication characterised by the compressor type
- F04B39/023—Hermetic compressors
- F04B39/0238—Hermetic compressors with oil distribution channels
- F04B39/0246—Hermetic compressors with oil distribution channels in the rotating shaft
- F04B39/0253—Hermetic compressors with oil distribution channels in the rotating shaft using centrifugal force for transporting the oil
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/12—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/002—Lubrication
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
- C10M2203/065—Well-defined aromatic compounds used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2207/2805—Esters used as base material
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
- C10M2209/043—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical used as base material
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
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Description
(第1実施形態)
[冷媒圧縮機]
図1は、第1実施形態に係る往復動式(レシプロ式)の冷媒圧縮機100の概略的な断面図である。図1に示す冷媒圧縮機100は、空調装置、又は、冷凍装置等の機器に備えられる。冷媒圧縮機100は、密閉容器101、電動要素105、及び圧縮要素106を備える。
油膜切調整剤180は、圧縮要素106の摺動部分の表面等に冷凍機油107の油膜を形成し易くすると共に、油膜切れを防止することにより油膜を維持する。油膜切調整剤180は、冷凍機油107に溶解しており、通常の冷媒圧縮機100の運転条件では析出することがない。これにより、油膜切調整剤180の析出物により、圧縮要素106の摺動部分の表面等が擦られて傷を生じるのが回避されている。
パラフィン系鉱油に対するフラーレン181の溶解性を確認するための確認試験を以下の手順で行った。室温(25℃)において、直径が100pm以上10nm以下の範囲の値に設定されたC60、C70、及び高次フラーレン(C76、C82等)からなるミックスフラーレンをフラーレン181として用意した。油膜切調整剤180を、このフラーレン181のみから構成した。フラーレン181をパラフィン系鉱油に適量添加し、十分に攪拌することにより、複数の冷凍機油107のサンプルを作製した。その後、各サンプルを一定時間放置して、フラーレン181の沈殿及び析出の有無を確認した。
次に、冷媒圧縮機の実機を用いた耐久性試験を行った。本試験では、摺動面がアルミ合金からなる連結部材120と、摺動面が鉄系材料からなる偏心軸部110とを有する冷媒圧縮機を用いた。フラーレン181を50ppm濃度で含む油膜切調整剤180の実施例1と、フラーレン181を100ppm濃度で含む油膜切調整剤180の実施例2とを用意した。また、フラーレンを含まない油膜切調整剤の比較例を用意した。また、実施例1,2及び比較例では、冷凍機油として、40℃における粘度が2.2mm2/sのパラフィン系鉱油を用いた。
図5は、第2実施形態に係る冷凍装置270の模式図である。以下、冷凍装置270の基本構成の概略を説明する。図5に示すように、冷凍装置270は、冷媒圧縮機100を用いた機器の一例である。冷凍装置270は、冷蔵庫が備えていてもよい。冷凍装置270は、本体275、区画壁278、及び冷媒回路271を備える。
105 電動要素
106 圧縮要素
107 冷凍機油
180 油膜切調整剤
181 フラーレン
270 冷凍装置
271 冷媒回路
272 放熱器
273 減圧装置
274 吸熱器
Claims (14)
- 冷凍機油が貯留された密閉容器と、
前記密閉容器に収容され、外部より供給される電力により駆動される電動要素と、
前記密閉容器に収容されて前記冷凍機油に被着され、前記電動要素により駆動されて、外部から供給される冷媒ガスを圧縮する圧縮要素とを備え、
前記冷凍機油は、120℃における粘度が5.0mm2/s以下の範囲の値に設定され、且つ、冷媒圧縮機内の冷媒ガスとの共存雰囲気下に配置され、
前記冷凍機油に、少なくとも運転時に析出しない濃度に調整され且つフラーレンを含む油膜切調整剤が溶解状態で含まれ、
前記冷媒ガスは、自然冷媒を含み、且つ、R32を含まない、冷媒圧縮機。 - 前記冷凍機油は、エステル油を含む、請求項1に記載の冷媒圧縮機。
- 前記油膜切調整剤は、極性を有する有機化合物を含む、請求項1に記載の冷媒圧縮機。
- 前記圧縮要素は、互いに摺動する少なくとも一対の摺動部材を有し、
前記一対の摺動部材のうち少なくとも一方の摺動面が、非鉄系材料により構成されている、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の冷媒圧縮機。 - 前記一対の摺動部材のうち他方の摺動面が、鉄系材料により構成されている、請求項4に記載の冷媒圧縮機。
- 前記非鉄系材料は、アルミ合金、マグネシウム合金、及び樹脂材料の少なくともいずれかを含む、請求項4又は5に記載の冷媒圧縮機。
- 前記圧縮要素は、互いに摺動する少なくとも一対の摺動部材を有し、
前記一対の摺動部材の各摺動面が、鉄系材料により構成されている、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の冷媒圧縮機。 - 前記冷凍機油は、前記油膜切調整剤を0.0001重量%以上0.5重量%以下の範囲で含む、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の冷媒圧縮機。
- 前記冷凍機油は、40℃における粘度が100mm2/s以下の範囲の値に設定されている、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の冷媒圧縮機。
- 前記冷凍機油は、40℃における粘度が4.9mm2/s以下の範囲の値に設定されている、請求項9に記載の冷媒圧縮機。
- 前記自然冷媒は、R600a、R290、R744のうち少なくともいずれか1種、又は2種以上を含む混合冷媒である、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の冷媒圧縮機。
- 前記冷凍機油は、鉱油、アルキルベンゼン油、ポリビニルエーテル、ポリアルキレングリコールのうち少なくともいずれかを含む、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の冷媒圧縮機。
- 前記電動要素が、複数の運転周波数によりインバータ駆動される、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の冷媒圧縮機。
- 請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の冷媒圧縮機と、冷媒を放熱させる放熱器と、冷媒を減圧する減圧装置と、冷媒を吸熱する吸熱器とを配管により環状に連結した冷媒回路を備える、機器。
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