JP7345489B2 - 2-フラノンを含む二添加剤電解質システムに基づく新規な電池システム、及びその化成プロセスの方法 - Google Patents
2-フラノンを含む二添加剤電解質システムに基づく新規な電池システム、及びその化成プロセスの方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7345489B2 JP7345489B2 JP2020548693A JP2020548693A JP7345489B2 JP 7345489 B2 JP7345489 B2 JP 7345489B2 JP 2020548693 A JP2020548693 A JP 2020548693A JP 2020548693 A JP2020548693 A JP 2020548693A JP 7345489 B2 JP7345489 B2 JP 7345489B2
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- additive
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- carbonate
- electrolyte
- battery system
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- RHDGNLCLDBVESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-en-4-olide Chemical compound O=C1CC=CO1 RHDGNLCLDBVESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 80
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 59
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title description 82
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical group [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 40
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 229910001317 nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 10
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- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 description 5
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- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
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- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
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- QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWRWFPQBGSZWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N2CN(N=O)CN1CN(N=O)C2 MWRWFPQBGSZWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012258 LiPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940112112 capex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N fluocinolone acetonide Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VMZOBROUFBEGAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OP(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C VMZOBROUFBEGAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
「セル」又は「電池セル」は一般に、電気化学セルを指し、これは、化学反応から電気エネルギーを生成するか、又は電気エネルギーの導入を通じて化学反応を促進することができるデバイスである。電池には1つ以上のセルを含めることができる。
を有する2-フラノンの第2の作用作動型添加剤の添加剤混合物を含む、方法。
電池システム自体は、本開示に従って別々にパッケージされてもよいが、実験構成は、通常、機械で作られた「密閉セル」を使用して、二添加剤電解質システム及び正極及び負極を使用するための特定の材料を含む一般的な構成を使用して電池システムを系統的に評価する。本開示内で言及される全てのパーセントは、特に指定されない限り、重量パーセントである。当業者は、使用される添加剤の種類及び採用される濃度が、最も望ましく改善される特性、並びに作製されるリチウムイオン電池で使用される他のコンポーネント及び設計に依存し、この開示から明らかであることを理解する。
実験構成で使用されたNMC/黒鉛密閉セルは、添加剤を加えた溶媒に1M LiPF6を含んでいた。電解質は、30%EC及び70%EMC中1.2M LiPF6の1M LiPF6からなった。電解質成分の濃度を、MA及び/又はDMCを含むように修正することができる。この電解質に、添加剤成分を特定の重量パーセントで添加した。
充電プロファイル及びガス量の測定
パッシベーション効果
本明細書に開示される二添加剤電解質システム及び新規の電池システムは、低いセルインピーダンスを有する。セルインピーダンスはセルのエネルギー効率を低下させるため、セルインピーダンスを最小限に抑えることが望ましい。逆に、インピーダンスが低いと、充電率が高くなり、エネルギー効率が高くなる。
作動型電解質添加剤及び電極を含む、本開示の電池システムの有効性を研究するため、超高精度サイクリング(UHPC:ultrahigh precision cycling)を行った。標準UHPC手順は、C/3に対応する電流を使用して、40℃にて4.3Vでセルをサイクリングしてデータを生成することからなった。クーロン効率の場合、クーロン効率、充電エンドポイント容量のずれ、及びその他のパラメーターを30ppmの精度まで測定するためUPHCを使用する。UHPC手順の詳細は、その全体が本明細書に組み込まれる、T.M.Bond,J.C.Burns,D.A.Stevens,H.M.Dahn,and J.R.Dahn,Journal of the Electrochemical Society,160,A521(2013)に記載されている。
電池システムの寿命は電池システムの重要な特性である。充電及び放電の速度は寿命に影響を与える場合がある。長期サイクリング実験は、予想される動作条件下での回復力のある電池システムの経時変化を判断するのに役立つ。所望の用途に十分な寿命を持つ電池システムを選択することが重要である。
図8A~図8Eは、40℃での長期サイクリングを研究する典型的な実験データを示し、C/3CCCVは、VC又はFECを含有する電解質システムへの添加剤としてFNを含めることの利点を示す。
コーティングされたNMC532を正極及び人造黒鉛負極として使用する長期サイクリングの結果図を図8A~図8Cに示し、市販のリチウムイオン電池セルを使用する長期サイクリングの結果を図8D~図8Eに示す。これらの図に示されているように、電解質組成物へのFNの添加は、電池システムの長期サイクリング特性に強く影響することはない。化成プロセス中のガス生成の大幅な減少と組み合わせて、添加剤としてFNを含む電池システムは、標準的な電池システムと比較して、予想外に優れた特性を有することがある(図8Cを参照されたい)。
Claims (15)
- 密閉セルを備える電池システムを作製する方法であって、
前記密閉セル内で正極及び負極を組み立てること、
前記密閉セルから残留水を取り除くこと、
不活性雰囲気下で前記密閉セルに非水電解液を充填すること、
前記密閉セルを真空封止すること、
前記密閉セルが初期指定容量を達成するまで、該密閉セルを充電及び放電することを含む化成プロセスを実行すること、を含み、
前記非水電解液が、
リチウムイオンと、
カーボネート溶媒を含む第1の非水性溶媒と、
酢酸メチルを含む第2の非水性溶媒と、
ビニレンカーボネート、フルオロエチレンカーボネート、又はそれらの任意の組み合わせのいずれかの第1の作動型添加剤、及び下記式(I)
を有する2-フラノンの第2の作動型添加剤の添加剤混合物を含み、
前記第1の作動型添加剤の濃度が、0.25重量%~6重量%の範囲であり、
前記第2の作動型添加剤の濃度が、0.1重量%~5重量%の範囲である、方法。 - 前記化成プロセス中に、前記電池システムにおけるガス発生が抑制される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が、前記化成プロセスの後にガス放出工程を含まない、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記化成プロセス中のガス生成が、前記第1の作動型添加剤のみを含む電池システムの化成プロセス中のガス生成と比較して少なくとも50%抑制される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記密閉セルから残留水を除去することが、前記密閉セルを開き、真空下100℃で12時間乾燥することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記電池システムが、前記第1の作動型添加剤のみを含む電池システムに匹敵する容量維持率を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の作動型添加剤の濃度が、2重量%~6重量%の範囲である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の作動型添加剤の濃度が、0.25重量%~5重量%の範囲である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の作動型添加剤の濃度が2重量%であり、前記第2の作動型添加剤の濃度が0.5重量%~1重量%である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の作動型添加剤がフルオロエチレンカーボネートである、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の作動型添加剤がビニレンカーボネートである、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の非水性溶媒がカーボネート溶媒である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の非水性溶媒が、エチレンカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート及びジメチルカーボネートから選択される少なくとも1つである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記正極が、マイクロメートルサイズ粒を有するNMC532、NMC532及びNMC622から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記負極が、人造黒鉛、天然黒鉛及び黒鉛/SiOブレンドから選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
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