JP7313440B2 - Treg細胞を誘導する酵母由来多糖体の構造及び機能特性 - Google Patents
Treg細胞を誘導する酵母由来多糖体の構造及び機能特性 Download PDFInfo
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Description
1.マウス
マウスは、ポステック生命工学センター(POSTECH Biotech Center)の動物施設で飼育された。全ての実験手順はポステック研究所動物管理及び使用委員会の承認下で進行した。C57BL/6マウスは、ポステックで同種繁殖で保持された。Foxp3-eGFP、Tlr2-/-、Tlr4-/-、Tlr6-/-及びMyD88-/-マウスを、Jackson Labortoryから得た。CD45a-Rag1-/-TCR OT-II(Rag1-/-OTII TCR形質転換体)及びRag1-/-マウスは、Taconicから得た。Dectin1-/-及びDectin2-/-動物は、Yoichiro Iwakura博士(Tokyo University of Science,Japan)から提供された。無菌(Germ-Free,GF)C57BL/6マウスコロニーがAndrew Macpherson博士(Bern Univ.,Switzerland)及びDavid Artis博士(Then at Univ.Pennsylvania,currently at Cornell Univ.,USA)の助力でブリーダーによって確立された。GFマウスは無菌軟性膜アイソレータ(sterile flexible film isolators,Class Biological Clean Ltd.,USA)で維持された。CBirマウスはバーミンガムのアラバマ大学のCharles O.Elsonから提供された。生後6~12週齢の性別及び年齢に合うマウスを使用した。
酵母抽出物(teast extract,BD Biosciences)20g、ポリソルベート80(Polysorbate 80,Sigma-Aldrich)2g、クエン酸アンモニウム(Ammonium Citrate,Sigma-Aldrich)4g、酢酸ナトリウム(Sodium Acetate,Sigma-Aldrich)10g、硫酸マグネシウム(Magnesium sulfate,Sigma-Aldrich)、0.1gのマンガン硫酸塩(Manganese sulfate,Sigma-Aldrich)及び4gのリン酸二カリウム(Dipotassium phosphate,Sigma-Aldrich)を2Lの蒸留水に溶解させた。該溶液をオートクレーブ(auto clave)し室温で冷却させた。トリクロロ酢酸(TCA,Sigma Aldrich)を最終濃度0.4%となるように前記溶液に処理し、一晩自己撹拌しながら4℃で培養した。TCA処理された溶液を、冷却された3滴(3Volume)のエタノールと共に一晩-20℃で培養した。培養された溶液を遠心分離した後、上澄液の除去、及びペレットを乾燥して、残っているエタノールを除去し、20mM MgCl2、20mM CaCl2(pH 7.5)を含む10mM Trisバッファーで懸濁させた。懸濁された溶液をRNase(Sigma-Aldrich)及びDNase(Roche)で最終濃度0.4mg/mlとなるように処理し、37℃で一晩培養した。その後、アジ化ナトリウム(sodium azide)で最終濃度0.05%となるように処理し、37℃で30分間培養した。培養後、プロナーゼ(pronase)(Protease、Streptomyces griseus、Sigma-Aldrich)溶液を0.3mg/mlで処理し、一晩37℃で培養した。最終濃度が0.3mg/mLとなるようにプロナーゼを1回さらに追加し、2時間さらに培養した。最終濃度0.4%となるようにTCAを添加し、37℃で2時間培養した。溶液を遠心分離し、上澄液を3滴の冷却されたエタノールに移し、一晩-20℃で培養した。遠心分離後、上澄液を除去し、ペレットを乾燥させて残留エタノールを除去した。ペレットを100mM Trisバッファー(pH 7.5)で懸濁し、同一量のフェノールを処理して数回ひっくり返してよく混ぜた。溶液を遠心分離し、上位チューブを新しいチューブに移し、フェノールを繰り返し処理した。溶液を遠心分離し、上澄液を新しいチューブに移し、同一量のイソアミルアルコール(isomyl Alcohol):クロロホルム(Chloroform)1:29(v:v)溶液を処理してよく混ぜた。遠心分離した後に上澄液を移し、これを1回さらに反復した。多糖類を蒸留水で3日間透析し、凍結乾燥させて得た。多糖類の濃度は酸性フェノール分析で測定した。
未接触CD4 T細胞(Naive CD4 T cell)は、FACs分流器(FACs sorter,Astrios,Beckman Coulter)又はEasySepTMマウスNaive(登録商標) CD4+ T細胞分離キット(STEMCELL Technology)を用いてpLN、mLN及び脾臓からメーカーのプロトコルにしたがって分離された。大腸及び小腸からの分離において、腸を縦に切開し、PBSで洗浄して粘液と糞便を除去した。腸を小さい切片に切り、10mM EDTA、20mM HEPES、1mMピルビン酸ナトリウム及び3% FBSを含むPBSと共に磁石棒で撹拌しながら37℃で20分間培養した。組織を粉砕し、37℃で45分間3% FBS、20mM HEPES、1mMピルビン酸ナトリウム、0.5mg/mlコラゲナーゼD(Roche)及びDNase I(Sigma-Aldrich)が添加されたRPMI 1640培地で培養した。組織を10mM EDTA下で5分間さらに培養した。上澄液を100mmセルストレーナー(cell strainer)で濾過し、冷却されたPBSに移し、残った酵素及びEDTAを除去した。細胞をPercollTM(GE Healthcare)グラジエントに40%及び75%でロードした。リンパ球をpercollグラジエント膜の表面から収穫し、1% FBS、1%ペニシリン/ストレプトシンが添加されたDMEM培地で洗浄した。サイトカインの分析のために、10% FBS、1%ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン、2mM L-グルタミン、1mMピルビン酸ナトリウム、非必須アミノ酸及び0.1%β-ME(v/v)を含有する完全なRPMI培地において37℃で4~5時間Golgistop(BD Biosciences)の存在下にPMA(Calbiochem)及びイオノマイシン(Calbiochem)で細胞を刺激した。細胞は、流動細胞計測分析のためにメーカーのプロトコルにしたがって染色された。
Live/DEAD固定可能染料(Life Technologies)、固定/透過バッファー(eBioscience)、透過バッファー(eBioscience)、IC固定バッファー(eBioscience)及び抗体。
CD4(RM4-5)、CD44(IM7)、CD62L(MEL-14)、CD45.1(A20)、CD103(2E7)、Foxp3(FJK-16s)、CTLA4(UC10-4B9)、Nrp1(3E12)、IL-10(JES5-16E3)、IFN-γ(XMG1.2)、IL-17A(17B7)、CD11c(N418)、CD11b(M1/70)、F4/80(BM8)、MHCII(M5/114.15.2)。
2×104個の標識組織(indicated tissues)由来のCD11c+ DCを、標識された多糖類又はMGCPで処理し、10ng/mLのGM-CSF(Perprotech)の存在下に14時間RPMI1640完全培地で培養した。MGCPを処理してDCを刺激する場合に、DCはMGCP濃度が別途記載された場合以外は、大部分のin vitro実験において50μg/mLのMGCPで刺激された。刺激されたDCを洗浄し、2×105未接触CD4 T細胞と共に3日間共同培養した。大部分の実験は、0.1μg/mlのanti-CD3(BioXcell)、100U/mlのIL-2、0.1又は0.05ng/mlのTGF-ベータ1(Miltenyi Biotech)及び10ng/mlのGM-CSFを含む準最適Treg細胞分化(skewing)条件で行われた。準最適Th1走行環境のために、0.1μg/mLの抗CD3、100U/mlのIL-2、2.5ng/mlのIL-12、10ng/mlのGM-CSF及び10μg/mlの抗IL-4存在下で細胞を培養した。3日の培養後に、細胞を上記の流動細胞計測法で分析した。いくつかの実験において拮抗剤は、MGCPの刺激に先立って脾臓DCに処理された。多糖類分解酵素を使用する実験手順の場合、脾臓DCに処理する前にザイモサン又はMGCPをメーカーのプロトコルにしたがって同一の酵素で分解し、未接触CD4 T細胞と共に培養した。セレコキシブを使用した実験において、抑制剤は、MGCPを用いて脾臓DCを刺激する前に30分間処理され、その後、セレコキシブの存在条件下に未接触CD4 T細胞と共に培養した。
α-(1-6)core mannosidase(QAbio)、pustulanase(Prokazyme)、zymolyase(MPbio)、Mincle単一クローン抗体(anti-Mincle mAb,MBL)、DC-SIGN抗体(anti-DC-SIGN Ab,Abcam)、組換えマウスMMRタンパク質(R&D systems)
実験性大膓炎は、過去知られた方法によって誘導された(Powrie F,Leach MW,Mauze S,et al.Immunity 1994;1(7):553-62.及びLeach MW,Bean AG,Mauze S,et al.Am J Pathol 1996;148(5):1503-15.)。具体的に、類遺伝子型(congenic,CD45.1+)Foxp3-EGFPマウス又はCBirマウスから分類されたCD4+Foxp3GFP-CD44loCD62Lhi未接触T細胞(1X106)FACsがRag1欠乏マウスに伝達された。In vitroにおいて生成されたMGCPで誘導されたTreg細胞の効能を評価するために、未接触CD4 T細胞を、標識されたTreg細胞(2×105)と同時に養子移入(adoptively transferred)した。CBirマウス由来の未接触CD4 T細胞を用いて大膓炎を誘導するために、受容体は、全実験期間にわたってmock又はMGCPが隔日で経口投与された。週に2回体重を測定して大膓炎の進行をモニタリングし、マウスは体重が約20%減少すると犧牲にさせた。疾病の重症度は、結腸の長さ、組織学的評価及びドナー未接触CD4 T細胞からのサイトカイン生成を測定して分析した。
未接触CD4 T細胞を伝達させる前に、200μgのMGCPをC57BL/6又はDectin1-/-マウスに毎日2週間経口投与した。類遺伝子対立形質(congenic allele)を保有するFoxp3-EGFP又はOT-IIマウスから分離されたCD4+Foxp3EGFP-CD44loCD62Lhi未接触T細胞(精製>99%、1.5~2×106)を、MGCPが投与された欠乏マウスに静脈投与によって移し、MGCPを1週間毎日さらに投与した。OT-II未接触CD4 T細胞が授与されたマウスには、20mgのOVAタンパク質を細胞伝達前日から実験が終わるまで1週間隔日で補充した。
GFマウスにmock及びMGCPを2週間毎日投与した。mock及びMGCPが補充されたGFマウス由来の結腸CD11c+ DCは、マイクロビーズを用いてメーカーのプロトコルにしたがって結腸粘膜固有層全細胞から分離された。全RNAはmock又はMGCP給与マウスの結腸DCから精製された。リボスピンTMII(RibospinTMII,GeneAll biotechnology)が全RNAの分離に使用された。TruSeq Stranded mRNAサンプル準備キット(Illumina,San Diego,CA)をライブラリー準備に使用した。RNA塩基配列分析は、NextSeq 500 Sequencing platformで行われた。RNA塩基配列データはGene Expression Omnibus(NCBI)データ保存所に寄託された(登録番号GEO:RNA-seq data:GSE126937)。
全転写体はmock及びMGCP補充GFマウス由来の結腸CD11c+ DCから精製された。細胞を収穫した後、TRIzol試薬に溶解させた。総RNAはメーカーのプロトコルにしたがって精製された。精製された総RNAは、M-MLV逆転写酵素(promega)を用いてcDNAに合成された。標識されたマーカーの発現量は、下記表のプライマー対及び前記方法で製造されたcDNAを用いて分析した。全てのデータはHPRT(hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase)の発現レベルに正常化(normalized)された。結果は、mock対照群の発現レベルに対する相対的な発現レベルとしてさらに分析された。
実験性大膓炎の臨床学的点数は、H&E染色を用いた組織学的分析で測定した。簡単にいえば、コロン1cmを10%ホルムアルデヒドに固定させ、パラフィン片に埋めた。パラフィン片を3μm厚に切断し、ヘマトキシリン(Sigma-Aldrich)及びエオシン(Sigma-Aldrich)で染色した。
統計分析は、グラフパッドプリズムソフトウェア(Graphpad Prism software,La Jolla,USA)を用いて行った。対照群と実験群における差異は、両側のアンペアード-スチューデントt-テストを用いて評価した。データは、平均±SEMで示した。
免疫システムにおいてイースト多糖類の免疫調節機能を研究するために、ザイモサンをDCに処理した後、未接触CD4 T細胞と共に培養した。ザイモサン処理されたDCは濃度依存的にTreg細胞の誘導を促進し、ザイモサンは500μg/mLで最高の誘導性能を示した(図1A)。次に、ザイモサンがエフェクターT細胞を誘導するのに類似の濃度依存効果を示すかどうか確認した。ザイモサンは、最低の濃度でRORγtの発現を誘導するが、T-betの発現には影響を及ぼさなかった(図2A)。驚くべきことに、エフェクターT細胞においてT-bet及びRORγtの発現はザイモサンの濃度が増加するにつれて抑制された(図2A)。
材料及び方法において、上記のような方法で酵母細胞壁から多糖体を精製した後、構造的特性及び免疫機能的関連性を確認した。酵母由来多糖体の組成分析結果は、マンノース(mannose,80.6%)、グルコース(glucose,14.9%)及びガラクトース(galactose,4.5%)で構成されていることを確認した(図3A及び図4)。陽性子核磁気共鳴(NMR)分光学を用いた多糖類構造及び形態の追加的分析は、マンナン及びβ-1,6-グルカンを主成分とするということを裏付ける(図5A)。マンナンユニットの詳細な構造はα-1,6-結合マンノースバックボーンを有していることが見つけられ、α-1,2-結合又はα-1,3-結合で連結された単一ユニットマンノース(30%)、2ユニットマンノース(16.8%)又は3ユニットマンノース(28.4%)を側鎖としてそれぞれ連結されていること(側鎖のないマンノース(24.8%))を確認した(図5B)。マンナン成分の構造は、S.cerevisiaeの細胞壁から発見される典型的なマンナン構造に似ていた。β-1,6-グルカンはβ-1,6-結合グルコース骨格を中心に構成され、骨格のグルコースのうち18%は、β-1,3-結合された単一ユニットグルコースを側鎖とする(図5C)。このような構造を有する酵母由来の多糖体は新規なものであり、精製された多糖体をMGCP(Mannan/β-Glucan Containing Polysaccharides)と命名した。
MGCPがTreg細胞の分化を促進することを確認したところ、in vitroにおいて分化したTreg細胞が大膓炎の発病したマウス(in vivo)において緩和効果を示すかどうか確認した。類遺伝子型(congenic)マーカー(CD45.1+)を有するTreg細胞は、DCにMGCPを処理してin vitroで生成され、未接触CD4 T細胞と同時に受容マウスに養子移入され(adoptively transferred)、MGCPで誘導されたTreg細胞の免疫抑制機能を確認した。その結果、MGCPで誘導されたTreg細胞は大膓炎の進行を妨害することが確認された。具体的に、体重減少及び結腸長さの短縮は、MGCP-Treg細胞受容マウスで有意に減少した(図8A及び図6B)。大膓炎の臨床的症状と関連して、MGCPで誘導されたTreg細胞の転移は、結腸組織の上皮細胞構造の破壊を予防し、組織病理学スコアで表示された結腸粘膜固有層(colonic lamina propria)にリンパ球の侵入を抑制した(図8C及び図6D)。大膓炎の発病機転においてIFN-γが重要な役割を担うことが知られているので、結腸粘膜固有層のCD4 T細胞から病原性サイトカイン(cytokine)であるIFN-γの生産を評価した。ドナー未接触CD4 T細胞のIFN-γの生産レベルは、単に未接触CD4 T細胞だけが授与された個体に比べてMGCP-Treg細胞授与個体において劇的に減少した(図8E)。前記結果は、MGCPで誘導されたTreg細胞が炎症サイトカインの生成を抑制し、炎症性大膓炎を改善させることを示す。
In vitroにおいて、MGCPは、in vivoにおいて機能的に活性を有するTreg細胞の誘導を促進した。MGCPがin vivoにおいてもTreg細胞を生成できるかどうか確認するために、MGCPをマウスに口腔内投与した後、結腸未接触CD4 T細胞(CD45.1+)を伝達(transfer)させた。興味深いことに、MGCPの投与は、対照群よりも結腸においてドナーCD4 T細胞から非常に高い頻度(frequency)のTreg細胞を生成させた(図9A)。前記Treg細胞は、Treg細胞の抑制性を示す重要な指標であるCTLA-4を発現させる(図9B)。小腸からも、ドナー細胞のうちTreg細胞頻度の類似の増加が観察され、それらもCTLA-4を発現させた(図10A及び図8B)。一方、受容体由来のTreg細胞の頻度及びホストTreg細胞のCTLA-4発現量は、結腸及び小腸において対照群と類似に現れた(図9C、図7D、図8C及び図8D)。MGCPを処理したマウスの結腸Treg細胞の絶対的な数字は結腸において増加を示したが、有意の値ではなかった(図9E及び図8E)。MGCP投与マウスの腸全体の受容体Treg細胞のうち、ヘリオス(Helios)を発現する細胞が増加したことが観察された(図9F及び図8F)。機能的に、MGCPの投与は、単に結腸粘膜固有層のTreg細胞のIL-10生産を有意に増加させ、小腸では増加させなかった(図9G及び図8G)。結腸粘膜固有層においてエフェクターT細胞のIFN-γの生産はMGCP処理後に減少したが、IL-17Aのレベルは変わらなかった(図9H)。これに対し、小腸CD4 T細胞のIFN-γ及びIL-17Aの発現は、mockとMGCP処理マウスの両方で類似に示された(図10H)。MGCPの投与は、腸においでドナーCD4 T細胞からTreg細胞の分化を誘導するが、MGCPの処理は、脾臓又はmLNにおいてホスト又はドナー由来のCD4 T細胞からTreg細胞の分化を誘導できなかった(図10I及び図8J)。要するに、in vivoにおいて、MGCPは結腸エフェクターCD4 T細胞において炎症性サイトカインであるIFN-γを減少させるだけでなく、IL-10生産が向上した機能性結腸Treg細胞の新しい生成を促進した。この結果は、MGCPが恒常性条件下の結腸の免疫調節環境に影響を及ぼし得ることを示す。
MGCPが微生物抗原特異的Treg細胞を誘導し、生体内炎症性免疫反応を抑制するか否かを確認するために、微生物フラジェリン-反応性CD4 T細胞(microbial flagellin-reactive CD4 T cells)を保有したCBirマウスを使用した。CBirマウスの未接触CD4 T細胞をRag1-/-マウスに移し、経口投与によってmock(DW)又はMGCPを毎日投与した。免疫の弱化したマウスに微生物反応性未接触CD4 T細胞(microbe responsive naive CD4 T cells)を養子移入(adoptive transfer)することは、共生微生物叢に対する過度な免疫反応による実験性大膓炎を誘発するという報告がある(図11A)。しかし、MGCPの補充は、体重減少に顕著な抵抗性を示した(図11A)。体重変化に対する効果に加えて、結腸長さの短縮もMGCPの投与で予防された(図11B及び図9C)。臨床的徴候とも一致するように、MGCP投与マウスは上皮細胞の増殖及びリンパ球の結腸内侵入を抑制した(図11D)。また、組織病理学スコアはmock処理されたマウスに比べて緩和されたことが見られた(図11E)。これらの結果は、MGCPが機能性Treg細胞の新しい生成を促進し、炎症前環境において病原性サイトカインの生産を抑制できることを示唆する(図8及び図9)。
MGCPが抗原提示細胞によってTreg細胞を誘導するメカニズムを確立するためにMGCP刺激によるTreg細胞の分化を誘導するDCサブセット及び大食細胞の能力を評価した。DCは、腸においてCD11b及びCD103の発現によって区別される。各章のDCサブセット及び大食細胞をMGCPで刺激した後、未接触CD4 T細胞と共に培養した。MGCPを処理した腸CD103+CD11b+ DCは、mockを処理した場合に比べて約10倍のTreg細胞の生成増加を誘導した(図13A)。CD103+CD11b-DC及び大食細胞は、MGCP刺激後にTreg細胞のレベルは増加しなかったが、MGCP処理されなかった場合にも、Treg細胞を効率的に誘導した(図13A及び図14)。MGCPがDCを刺激してDCがTreg細胞を誘導し、微生物刺激剤(microbial stimulants)によるDC活性化機能を抑制するメカニズムを確立するために、無菌マウス(Germ Free mice,GF)にDW(mock)又はMGCPを2週間毎日経口投与した。転写体形態分析(analyze transcriptomic configuration)のために、CD11c+ DCをmock又はMGCP処理マウスの結腸から分離した。MGCPの投与は、Il10、Cd274(PD-L1コーディング遺伝子)、インドールアミン2,3-デオキシゲナーゼ(Indoleamine2,3-dioxygenase,IDO)及びTgfβ1などの免疫寛容性(tolerogenic)DC関連マーカーの発現を増進させた(図13B及び図11C)。興味深いことに、MGCP処理されたマウスのDCは、mock(DW)処理されたマウスのDCに比較してPtgs2(シクロオキシゲナーゼ-2コーディング遺伝子、Cox2)の発現を約20倍増加させた(図13B及び図11C)。Cox2は、腫瘍環境でTreg細胞を誘導するものと既に知られていたため、MGCPによるTreg細胞分化に対するCox2の役割を評価した。脾臓DCはMGCPで刺激され、Cox2選択的抑制剤であるCelcecoxibの存在下に未接触CD4 T細胞と共に培養した。MGCPによるTreg細胞の誘導は、Cox2を抑制することによって相当減少した(図13D及び図11E)。前記結果は、MGCPで誘導されたTreg細胞の増加がCox2依存的にCD103+CD11b+腸DCサブセットによって特異的に媒介されるということを示唆する。また、MGCPは、DC転写体地形(transcriptome landscape)を免疫寛容性DCの表現型で現れるように変形させた。
DCは、パターン認識受容体(pattern recognition receptors,PRRs)を発現させ、場内に存在する多糖類を含む微生物抗原を認識する。MGCP媒介免疫調節において多糖類認識受容体の役割を調べるために、特定の受容体が損傷したマウスのDCを用いてTreg細胞の分化を確認した。Dectin1が欠乏した脾臓DCは、MGCPによるTreg細胞の生成を有意に減少させたが、Dectin2の欠乏は、Treg細胞の分化を比較的少なく減少させた(図15A)。また、TLR2、TLR4及びTLR6がそれぞれ欠乏したDCは、WT DCと比較してMGCPによるTreg細胞分化を減少させ、TLR4は最も顕著な効果を示した(図15A)。DCにおいてTLR欠乏によるTreg細胞生成減少と一致し、MyD88信号伝達が損傷したDCは、Treg細胞分化が顕著に減少することが見られた(図15B)。その上、異なるC-typeレクチン受容体の可能な役割を研究するために、DC-SIGN、Mincle及びマンノース受容体のそれぞれの拮抗的遮断抗体を用いた。DCにおいてDC-SIGN信号の遮断は、MGCPによるTreg細胞分化の部分的減少を示したが、他の受容体の場合、いかなる有意の効果も示さなかった(図15C)。要するに、前記結果は、Dectin1及びTLR4がMGCPによるTreg細胞の誘導に重要な役割を担うことを示唆し、その他にもMGCPは様々な先天的受容体によってTreg細胞を誘導する。
MGCPで誘導されたTreg細胞生成におけるDectin1の役割を確認するために、Dectin1が完全であるか或いは欠乏しているマウスのmLN DCをmock又はMGCPで刺激した。Dectin1豊富DCは、MGCP刺激後にCox2及び他の調節マーカーの発現増加を示したが、Dectin1欠乏DCでは、MGCPがCox2の発現を促進させることができなかった(図16A及び図15A)。MGCP処理後のCox2発現に対するDectin1の役割とも一致するように、Ido及びTgfβ1転写体はDectin1豊富DCにおいてMGCP刺激によって特異的に増加したが、損傷したDCではそうでないことが見られた(図17A)。驚くべきことに、Dectin1の不在は、Il10及びCd274のような他の調節DCマーカーのMGCP媒介された発現増加において変化を起こさなかった(図17A)。MGCPで誘導されたTreg細胞生成に対するDectin1の必須な役割を裏付けるために、Dectin1欠乏マウスにおいてMGCPの効果を試験した。OT-IIマウスから未接触CD4 T細胞が授与されたマウスにMGCPを投与し、隔日でオボアルブミン(ovalbumin)を補充した。MGCPは、実験全体にわたって受容体ネズミに投与された。興味深いことに、MGCPの投与は、Dectin1豊富受容体の小腸においてオボアルブミン活性Treg細胞の分化を劇的に増加させたが、Dectin1欠乏ネズミにおけるMGCPのTreg細胞分化誘導効果は減少した(図16B及び図14C)。一方、Dectin1欠乏又は豊富受容体において受容体由来の細胞のうちTreg細胞の頻度は、mock及びMGCP処理された場合が類似に現れた(図17B)。MGCP処理したDectin1非損傷マウスのホスト細胞に由来したTreg細胞の頻度は、mock処理されたマウスのものと類似に現れたが、MGCP下でDectin1豊富マウスだけがTreg細胞の数が相当増加し、Dectin1欠乏マウスではそうでなかった(図17C)。興味深いことに、MGCP投与は、Dectin1豊富マウスにおいて受容体由来細胞のうち誘導性Treg細胞(inducible Treg細胞cell)の頻度を増加させたが、Dectin1ノックアウトマウスではそうでなかった(図16D及び図14E)。また、MGCPがそれらのマウスの腸間膜リンパ節(mesenteric lymph node)においてTreg細胞の誘導に影響を与えるかどうか評価した。Dectin1非損傷(intact)マウスにおいてTreg細胞分化の頻度が増加したが、Dectin1ノックアウトマウスではMGCPの影響が無視できた(図17D)。要するに、MGCPによるin vivo Treg細胞誘導分子メカニズムがDCのCox2上向き調節によって媒介されるDectin1に依存することを示唆する。
Claims (16)
- マンナン(mannan)及びβ-グルカン(β-glucan)を含む多糖体を有効成分として含有する免疫抑制用組成物であって、
前記多糖体は前記β-グルカンを有効成分として含み、前記β-グルカンは、
i)β-1,6-結合(β-1,6-linked)で結合されたグルコース骨格、及び
ii)β-1,3-結合(β-1,3-link)で連結された単一ユニットグルコース側鎖を含むことを特徴とする、前記組成物。 - 前記マンナン(mannan)は、
i)α-1,6-結合(α-1,6-linked)で連結されたマンノース骨格(mannose back bone);及び
ii)α-1,3-結合又はα-1,2-結合で連結された単一マンノース(single mannose)、2ユニットマンノース(two unit mannose)及び3ユニットマンノース(three unit mannose)からなる群から選ばれるいずれか一つ以上の側鎖を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の組成物。 - 前記多糖体は、単一マンノース側鎖20%~40%:2ユニットマンノース側鎖10%~30%:3ユニットマンノース側鎖20%~40%:側鎖のないマンノース骨格20%~40%の含量比で含むことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記多糖体は、分子量が4kDa~60kDaであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記β-1,3-結合で連結された単一ユニットグルコース側鎖は、全グルコースに対してβ-1,3-結合グルコース側鎖が10%~30%の比率で含まれていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- マンノース70%~90%:グルコース10%~30%の含量比で含まれていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 調節T細胞(Treg細胞)を誘導することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記調節T細胞(Treg細胞)は、CD4+Foxp3+調節T細胞であることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 酵母(yeast)由来であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を有効成分として含有する免疫疾患又は炎症性疾患の予防又は治療用医薬組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の組成物を有効成分として含有する免疫疾患又は炎症性疾患の予防又は改善用食品。
- 次の段階を含む調節T細胞(Treg細胞)の製造方法:
(a)抗原提示細胞(antigen presenting cell)にマンナン(mannan)及びβ-グルカン(β-glucan)を含む多糖体を処理して免疫寛容性抗原提示細胞(tolerogenic antigen presenting cell)を得る段階;及び
(b)前記免疫寛容性抗原提示細胞(tolerogenic antigen presenting cell)をCD4+ T細胞と共培養(co-incubation)して調節T細胞(Treg細胞)を誘導する段階であって、
前記多糖体は前記β-グルカンを有効成分として含み、前記β-グルカンは、
i)β-1,6-結合(β-1,6-linked)で結合されたグルコース骨格、及び
ii)β-1,3-結合(β-1,3-link)で連結された単一ユニットグルコース側鎖を含む、前記製造方法。 - 前記抗原提示細胞は、樹状細胞(Dendritic cell;DC)であることを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の調節T細胞(Treg細胞)の製造方法。
- 前記抗原提示細胞は、パターン認識受容体(pattern recognition receptors,PRRs)を発現することを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の調節T細胞(Treg細胞)の製造方法。
- 前記パターン認識受容体(pattern recognition receptors,PRRs)は、Dectin1、Dectin2、TLR2、TLR4及びTLR6からなる群から選ばれるいずれか一つ以上であることを特徴とする、請求項14に記載の調節T細胞(Treg細胞)の製造方法。
- 前記免疫寛容性抗原提示細胞(tolerogenic antigen presenting cell)は、IL-10、Cd274、インドールアミン2,3-デオキシゲナーゼ(IDO)、Tgfβ1及びCox2からなる群から選ばれるいずれか一つ以上を過発現することを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の調節T細胞(Treg細胞)の製造方法。
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