JP7301061B2 - 中空糸多孔膜 - Google Patents
中空糸多孔膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7301061B2 JP7301061B2 JP2020548553A JP2020548553A JP7301061B2 JP 7301061 B2 JP7301061 B2 JP 7301061B2 JP 2020548553 A JP2020548553 A JP 2020548553A JP 2020548553 A JP2020548553 A JP 2020548553A JP 7301061 B2 JP7301061 B2 JP 7301061B2
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Images
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Description
前記中空糸多孔膜は内径が300~600μm、厚さが70~200μmであり、
前記中空糸多孔膜は分画分子量が10,000以下であり、
前記中空糸多孔膜の外表面には、孔径0.1~0.5μmの細孔が外表面全体にわたり複数存在し、
前記中空糸多孔膜は下記定義で表される膨れ率が5%未満である。
膨れ率(%):前記中空糸多孔膜20本以上について、各中空糸多孔膜1本から幅方向の断面の膜厚を任意に10箇所以上測定し、合計200箇所以上の膜厚から平均膜厚を算出し、下記式より膨れ率を算出する。
膨れ率(%)=(平均膜厚の1.3倍を超える膜厚が測定された箇所の数)/(膜厚測定数)×100
本発明の中空糸多孔膜は、構成成分としてポリエーテルスルホン又はポリスルホンを含むものであってよい。中空糸膜を構成する成分中、幾つかの例では80質量%以上がポリエーテルスルホン又はポリスルホンからなるものであってよく、別の幾つかの例では100質量%がポリエーテルスルホン又はポリスルホンからなるものであってよい。
膨れ率(%)=(平均膜厚の1.3倍を超える膜厚が測定された箇所の数)/(膜厚測定数)×100
本発明の中空糸多孔膜の製造方法の例は、公知の紡糸工程を含んでいてよい。紡糸工程で実施する紡糸法としては、公知の乾湿式紡糸法、乾式紡糸法、湿式紡糸法などを使用することができ、例えば乾湿式紡糸法、又は湿式紡糸法であってよい。
本発明の中空糸膜モジュールは、ケースハウジングと、ケースハウジング内に収容された前記中空糸多孔膜を数百~数千本束ねた中空糸膜束と、ケースハウジングの少なくとも一端において中空糸膜束を封止する樹脂(ポリウレタン系樹脂等)からなる中空糸膜モジュールであってよい。本発明の中空糸膜モジュールは医療用中空糸膜モジュールとして用いてよく、例えばエンドトキシン捕捉フィルター用として用いてよい。
中空糸多孔膜を幅方向に切断し、断面の走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)写真を倍率200~300倍で撮影した。各層における近傍の孔50個の平均孔径を、解析ソフトを用いて求めた。
分画分子量の測定は、インシュリン(分子量5,800)をリン酸ナトリウム(0.05M)と食塩(0.1M)からなる緩衝液に濃度が250mg/Lになるように溶解し、pH6に調製した溶液を中空糸多孔膜の内側に通液しつつ、膜間圧力0.1MPaでろ過を行い、30分後の透過液中のインシュリンの濃度を、吸光度計(波長277nm)を用いて定量し、インシュリンの阻止率を求めることによって行った。測定した中空糸多孔膜のインシュリンの阻止率が90%以上である場合、該中空糸多孔膜の分画分子量を6,000とした。
製作した中空糸多孔膜の中から任意に20本以上を取り出し、各中空糸多孔膜1本から幅方向に任意に10箇所以上切断し、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いて断面の膜厚を測定し(倍率50倍)、下記に定義される膨れ率(%)を算出した。
膨れ率(%)=(平均膜厚の1.3倍を超える膜厚が測定された箇所の数)/(膜厚測定数)×100
本発明者らは、中空糸膜モジュールへの使用に適した中空糸膜の物理的性質を検討した。通常、中空糸膜モジュールについては、製品となる最終段階で、中空糸膜やモジュールの欠陥を確認するため、中空糸膜内部あるいは外部をエアによって加圧封入した状態で一定時間待ち、一定時間後にこの圧力の変化量を測定し、漏れを検出する検査方法が採用される。中空糸膜孔からのエア漏れがなければ、中空糸膜内部の圧力は一定に保たれるが、加圧エアによってリークが検出されたときには、時間の経過に従って圧力が減少していく。この変化量が大きい程、エアリークの程度は大きいということになる。エア圧の大きさは、検査用中空糸膜モジュールに血液透析器の保証耐圧(通常0.067MPa)の数倍のエア圧を作用させることが一般的であり、モジュールに求められる安全性の高さにより適宜定められるものであってよい。本発明の実施例では、0.15MPaのエア圧を作用させ、エア供給停止後15秒後の圧力低下のレベルによって中空糸膜モジュールの信頼性を確認した。
製作した中空糸膜モジュールから、図1(a)に示す通り、カプラを上側にした際の右上部にあたるC部分の中空糸多孔膜234本を抜き取り、それを一束にまとめた。図1(b)に示す1~7の7位置において中空糸膜束を切断し、X線CTにより中空糸多孔膜の断面を撮影した(倍率50倍程度)。得られた1638箇所の中空糸多孔膜の断面画像から、保湿剤の浸漬状態を観察した。
<製膜溶液組成物>
ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)60質量%、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG;MW200)20質量%からなる溶媒に対して、ポリエーテルスルホン(PES)を20質量%加え、80℃で約3時間加熱して溶解させ、製膜溶液組成物を得た。
上記の製膜溶液組成物を減圧下で3時間かけて脱泡した。脱泡した製膜溶液組成物を用い、二重紡糸ノズルにより60℃で紡糸した。内部凝固液として水45質量%、ポリエチレングリコール55質量%の混合液を使用した。
上記実施例1において、二重紡糸ノズルの温度を70℃に設定し、二重紡糸ノズルの吐出口と凝固槽の水平面を結ぶ垂直線に対して最大角度2.3度となるように二重紡糸ノズルの吐出方向を調整して吐出させた以外は実施例1と同様の条件で中空糸多孔膜を得た。
Claims (7)
- ポリエーテルスルホン又はポリスルホンを含む中空糸多孔膜であって、
前記中空糸多孔膜は内径が300~600μm、厚さが70~200μmであり、
前記中空糸多孔膜は分画分子量が10,000以下であり、
前記中空糸多孔膜の外表面には、孔径0.1~0.5μmの細孔が外表面全体にわたり複数存在し、
前記中空糸多孔膜は下記定義で表される膨れ率が5%未満である、中空糸多孔膜。
膨れ率(%):前記中空糸多孔膜20本以上について、各中空糸多孔膜1本から幅方向の断面の膜厚を任意に10箇所以上測定し、合計200箇所以上の膜厚から平均膜厚を算出し、下記式より膨れ率を算出する。
膨れ率(%)=(平均膜厚の1.3倍を超える膜厚が測定された箇所の数)/(膜厚測定数)×100 - 前記中空糸多孔膜が、内側から外側に向かって順に、内表面緻密層、内側ボイド層、中間層、外側ボイド層及び外表面緻密層の5層構造からなる、請求項1に記載の中空糸多孔膜。
- 前記中空糸多孔膜が保湿剤を含有し、その保湿剤が外表面緻密層及び内表面緻密層に均一に存在している、請求項2に記載の中空糸多孔膜。
- 前記保湿剤がグリセリンである、請求項3に記載の中空糸多孔膜。
- エンドトキシン捕捉フィルター用である、請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の中空糸多孔膜。
- ケースハウジングとケースハウジング内に収容された請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の中空糸多孔膜を束ねた中空糸膜束を有する中空糸膜モジュール。
- 医療用である、請求項6に記載の中空糸膜モジュール。
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