JP7285485B2 - 繊維強化複合材、繊維強化複合材用添加材及び繊維強化複合材の製造方法 - Google Patents
繊維強化複合材、繊維強化複合材用添加材及び繊維強化複合材の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
- B62D29/04—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof predominantly of synthetic material
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Description
本実施形態に係る繊維強化複合材用添加材は、クモ糸フィブロインを含有する。クモ糸フィブロインは、天然クモ糸タンパク質、又は、天然クモ糸タンパク質に由来するポリペプチド(人工クモ糸タンパク質)からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種のクモ糸ポリペプチドであってよい。すなわち、クモ糸フィブロインは、天然クモ糸タンパク質であってよく、天然クモ糸タンパク質のアミノ酸配列に依拠してそのアミノ酸配列の一部(例えば、当該アミノ酸配列の10%以下)を改変した改変タンパク質であってもよい。
本実施形態に係る繊維強化複合材は、マトリックス樹脂と、補強繊維と、上記繊維強化複合材用添加材(以下、単に「添加材」ともいう。)とを含む。このような繊維強化複合材は、クモ糸フィブロインを含有する添加材を含むため、優れた引張特性及び曲げ特性を有する。
〔クモ糸フィブロイン繊維の製造〕
<(1)クモ糸フィブロイン(PRT799)の製造>
(クモ糸フィブロインをコードする遺伝子の合成、及び発現ベクターの構築)
ネフィラ・クラビペス(Nephila clavipes)由来のフィブロイン(GenBankアクセッション番号:P46804.1、GI:1174415)の塩基配列及びアミノ酸配列に基づき、配列番号2で示されるアミノ酸配列を有する改変フィブロイン(以下、「PRT799」ともいう。)を設計した。
IPTGを添加してから2時間後に回収した菌体を20mM Tris-HCl buffer(pH7.4)で洗浄した。洗浄後の菌体を約1mMのPMSFを含む20mM Tris-HCl緩衝液(pH7.4)に懸濁させ、高圧ホモジナイザー(GEA Niro Soavi社)で細胞を破砕した。破砕した細胞を遠心分離し、沈殿物を得た。得られた沈殿物を、高純度になるまで20mM Tris-HCl緩衝液(pH7.4)で洗浄した。洗浄後の沈殿物を100mg/mLの濃度になるように8M グアニジン緩衝液(8M グアニジン塩酸塩、10mM リン酸二水素ナトリウム、20mM NaCl、1mM Tris-HCl、pH7.0)で懸濁し、60℃で30分間、スターラーで撹拌し、溶解させた。溶解後、透析チューブ(三光純薬株式会社製のセルロースチューブ36/32)を用いて水で透析を行った。透析後に得られた白色の凝集タンパク質(PRT799)を遠心分離により回収し、凍結乾燥機で水分を除き、凍結乾燥粉末を回収した。
ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)に、上述のクモ糸フィブロイン(PRT799)を濃度24質量%となるよう添加した後、溶解促進剤としてLiClを濃度4.0質量%添加し、その後、シェーカーを使用して3時間溶解させた。その後、ゴミと泡を取り除き、ドープ液とした。ドープ液の溶液粘度は90℃において5000cP(センチポアズ)であった。
上記のようにして得られたドープ液と図1に示される紡糸装置10を用いて公知の乾湿式紡糸を行って、クモ糸フィブロインのモノフィラメントを得た。なお、ここでは、乾湿式紡糸を下記の条件で行った。
押出しノズル直径:0.1mm
押出し速度:327.6ml/h
凝固液(メタノール)の温度:2℃
巻取り速度:99.5m/min
延伸倍率:4.52倍
乾燥温度:80℃
エアギャップ長さ:5mm
上述の方法で得られたクモ糸フィブロインのモノフィラメントを48本束ねた状態で、繊維カット機を用いて平均長さ5mm、0.8mm、0.5mm又は0.2mmにカットして、繊維長の異なる4種類の短繊維状の添加材を得た。
ビニルエステル樹脂(日本ユピカ株式会社製ネオポール8025)と、CaCO3(備北粉化工業株式会社製ホワイトンSB青)と、炭素繊維(台湾プラスチック社製、TC36P 12K(繊維径7μm)を1インチ(約25mm)にカットしたもの)と、上記の平均繊維長0.5mmの短繊維状の添加材とを、55:30:12.5:2.5(体積比)の割合で混練して、混練物を得た。混練はミキサーを用いて行った。次いで、140℃に加熱した金型を用いて混練物を圧縮成形し、300mm×300mm×2mmの平板状の成形体(繊維強化複合材)を得た。
平均繊維長0.5mmの短繊維状の添加材に代えて、平均繊維長5mmの短繊維状の添加材を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして平板状の成形体(繊維強化複合材)を得た。得られた成形体について、実施例1と同様にして引張特性及び振動減衰性を測定した。結果を表3に示す。
混練物を、ビニルエステル樹脂と、CaCO3と、炭素繊維とを、55:30:15(体積比)の割合で混練したものとしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして平板状の成形体(繊維強化複合材)を得た。得られた成形体について、実施例1と同様にして引張特性及び振動減衰性を測定した。結果を表3に示す。
平均繊維長0.5mmの短繊維状の添加材に代えてポリアミド短繊維(カット長0.5mm)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして平板状の成形体(繊維強化複合材)を得た。得られた成形体について、実施例1と同様にして引張特性及び振動減衰性を測定した。結果を表3に示す。
ビニルエステル樹脂(日本ユピカ株式会社製ネオポール8025)と、CaCO3(備北粉化工業株式会社製ホワイトンSB青)と上記の平均繊維長0.5mmの短繊維状の添加材とをミキサーで混練して樹脂組成物を得た。得られた樹脂組成物をシート状に均して置いた後、炭素繊維(台湾プラスチック社製、TC36P 12K(繊維径7μm)を1インチ(約25mm)にカットしたもの)をその上に散布し、さらにその上に上記樹脂組成物をシート状にしたものを置くことにより、樹脂シートで炭素繊維を挟んだ積層体を得た。なお、積層体において、ビニルエステル樹脂、CaCO3、炭素繊維及び添加材の体積比は65.2:2.3:30:2.5とした。この積層体を140℃に加熱した金型を用いて圧縮成形し、300mm×300mm×2mmの平板状の成形体(繊維強化複合材)を得た。
樹脂組成物に添加材を配合せず、積層体におけるビニルエステル樹脂、CaCO3及び炭素繊維の体積比を67.6:2.4:30としたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして平板状の成形体(繊維強化複合材)を得た。得られた成形体について、実施例3と同様にして引張特性、曲げ特性及び衝撃吸収特性を測定した。結果を表4に示す。
積層体におけるビニルエステル樹脂、CaCO3、炭素繊維及び添加材の体積比を66.43:2.35:30:1.22とした以外は、実施例3と同様にして板厚2mm及び1mmの平板状の成形体(繊維強化複合材)を得た。得られた成形体について、実施例3と同様にして曲げ特性及び衝撃吸収特性(破断エネルギー)を測定した。結果を比較例3とあわせて表5に示す。
積層体におけるビニルエステル樹脂、CaCO3、炭素繊維及び添加材の体積比を65.29:2.31:30:2.4とした以外は、実施例3と同様にして板厚2mm及び1mmの平板状の成形体(繊維強化複合材)を得た。得られた成形体について、実施例3と同様にして曲げ特性及び衝撃吸収特性(破断エネルギー)を測定した。結果を表5に示す。
積層体におけるビニルエステル樹脂、CaCO3、炭素繊維及び添加材の体積比を64.19:2.27:30:3.54とした以外は、実施例3と同様にして板厚2mm及び1mmの平板状の成形体(繊維強化複合材)を得た。得られた成形体について、実施例3と同様にして曲げ特性及び衝撃吸収特性(破断エネルギー)を測定した。結果を表5に示す。
平均繊維長0.5mmの短繊維状の添加材に代えて平均繊維長0.2mmの短繊維状の添加材を用いたこと以外は、実施例5と同様にして板厚2mm及び1mmの平板状の成形体(繊維強化複合材)を得た。得られた成形体について、実施例3と同様にして曲げ特性及び衝撃吸収特性(破断エネルギー)を測定した。結果を表5に示す。
平均繊維長0.5mmの短繊維状の添加材に代えて平均繊維長0.8mmの短繊維状の添加材を用いたこと以外は、実施例5と同様にして板厚2mm及び1mmの平板状の成形体(繊維強化複合材)を得た。得られた成形体について、実施例3と同様にして曲げ特性及び衝撃吸収特性(破断エネルギー)を測定した。結果を表5に示す。
平均繊維長5mmの短繊維状の添加材とトレカ(登録商標)長繊維ペレット(炭素繊維及びポリプロピレンを含有するペレット、炭素繊維量:30wt%、炭素繊維の繊維長:7mm、製品名「TLP8169」、東レ株式会社製)とを2.5:97.5(質量比)の割合で射出成形機(EC180SX、東芝機械株式会社製)に投入して射出成形を行い、150mm×150mm×3mmの成形体(繊維強化複合材)を得た。
得られた成形体から、100mm×15mmの試験片を切り出した。当該試験片の引張特性を、JIS K7017に準じ、引張試験機(島津製作所製、AG-50kNX)を用いて引張特性(破断応力及び破断伸び)を測定した。結果を表6に示す。
添加材を添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例9と同様にして成形体を得た。得られた成形体について実施例1と同様にして引張特性を測定した。結果を表6に示す。
Claims (9)
- マトリックス樹脂と、繊維長50mm以下の炭素繊維と、クモ糸フィブロインを含有する添加材と、を含む、繊維強化複合材からなる、単層部材。
- 前記炭素繊維の含有量が、20体積%以上50体積%以下である、請求項1に記載の単層部材。
- 前記添加材が、繊維長5mm以下のクモ糸フィブロイン繊維を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の単層部材。
- 前記添加材が、クモ糸フィブロイン粉末を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の単層部材。
- 樹脂成分とクモ糸フィブロインを含有する添加材とを含有する樹脂組成物に、繊維長50mm以下の炭素繊維を混合して、繊維強化複合材を得る工程を含む、繊維強化複合材の製造方法。
- 樹脂成分とクモ糸フィブロインを含有する添加材とを含有する樹脂組成物をシート状に成形して、樹脂シートを形成するシート化工程と、
前記樹脂シート上に繊維長50mm以下の炭素繊維を配置して、前記樹脂シートと前記炭素繊維とを複合化して、繊維強化複合材を得る複合化工程と、
を含む、繊維強化複合材の製造方法。 - 前記繊維強化複合材中の前記炭素繊維の含有量が20体積%以上50体積%以下である、請求項5又は6に記載の繊維強化複合材の製造方法。
- 前記添加材が、繊維長5mm以下のクモ糸フィブロイン繊維を含む、請求項5~7のいずれか一項に記載の繊維強化複合材の製造方法。
- 前記添加材が、クモ糸フィブロイン粉末を含む、請求項5~8のいずれか一項に記載の繊維強化複合材の製造方法。
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