JP7275178B2 - がんを処置するための改変nk-92細胞 - Google Patents
がんを処置するための改変nk-92細胞 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2015年6月10日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/173,701号および2016年5月16日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/337,044号に対する優先権の恩典を主張するものであり、これらのそれぞれは、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
ナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞は、自然免疫系の主要構成要素を成す細胞傷害性リンパ球である。NK細胞は一般に、循環リンパ球の約10~15%を占め、抗原に関して非特異的にかつ事前の免疫感作なしに、ウイルス感染細胞および多くの悪性細胞を含む標的細胞に結合しかつそれらを死滅させる。Herberman et al., Science 214:24(1981)(非特許文献1)。標的細胞の死滅は細胞溶解を誘導することによって生じる。この目的で用いられるNK細胞は、対象由来の血液の末梢血リンパ球(「PBL」)画分から単離され、十分な数の細胞を得るために細胞培養中で増大され、次いで、対象内に再注入される。NK細胞は、エクスビボ療法およびインビボ処置の両方においてある程度有効であることが示されている。しかしながら、そのような療法は、全てのNK細胞が細胞溶解性ではなく、療法は処置された患者に特有なものであるという事実によって複雑になる。
複数のトランスジーンを発現するように操作された、遺伝的に改変されたNK-92細胞または細胞株が、本明細書において提供される。例えば、少なくとも1種のFc受容体および少なくとも1種のキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)がNK-92細胞の細胞表面上に提示されるように、NK-92細胞は少なくとも1種のFc受容体および少なくとも1種のCARを同時に発現するよう改変される。
少なくとも1種のFc受容体および少なくとも1種のキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)をNK-92細胞の細胞表面上に提示するように、該少なくとも1種のFc受容体および該少なくとも1種のCARを発現するよう改変されている、該NK-92細胞。
[本発明1002]
前記Fc受容体が、FcγRIII-A(CD16)であるか、または成熟形態の該CD16の158位にバリンを有するCD16ポリペプチドである、本発明1001の細胞。
[本発明1003]
前記Fc受容体が、SEQ ID NO:2のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド配列を含み、かつ158位にバリンを含む、本発明1001の細胞。
[本発明1004]
前記Fc受容体がSEQ ID NO:2のアミノ酸配列を含む、本発明1001の細胞。
[本発明1005]
前記CARが、SEQ ID NO:9、SEQ ID NO:11、またはSEQ ID NO:13と少なくとも90%の同一性を有する、本発明1001~1004のいずれかの細胞。
[本発明1006]
前記CARが、CD19、CSPG-4、CD20、NKG2Dリガンド、CS1、GD2、CD138、EpCAM、HER-2、EBNA3C、GPA7、CD244、CA-125、MUC-1、ETA、MAGE、CEA、CD52、CD30、MUC5AC、c-Met、EGFR、FAB、WT-1、PSMA、NY-ESO1、およびCD33からなる群より選択される腫瘍関連抗原を標的とする、本発明1001~1004のいずれかの細胞。
[本発明1007]
サイトカインをさらに発現する、本発明1001~1006のいずれかの細胞。
[本発明1008]
前記サイトカインがインターロイキン-2またはそのバリアントである、本発明1007の細胞。
[本発明1009]
前記サイトカインが小胞体を標的とする、本発明1007または1008の細胞。
[本発明1010]
前記Fc受容体および前記CARが、異なるベクター上にコードされている、本発明1001~1009のいずれかの細胞。
[本発明1011]
Fc受容体およびキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)をNK-92細胞の細胞表面上に提示するように、NK-92細胞株の細胞が、少なくとも1種の該Fc受容体および少なくとも1種の該CARを発現するよう改変されている、該NK-92細胞株。
[本発明1012]
前記Fc受容体が、FcγRIII-A(CD16)であるか、または成熟形態の該CD16の158位にバリンを有するCD16ポリペプチドである、本発明1011のNK-92細胞株。
[本発明1013]
前記Fc受容体が、SEQ ID NO:2のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド配列を含み、かつ158位にバリンを含む、本発明1011の方法。
[本発明1014]
前記Fc受容体がSEQ ID NO:2のアミノ酸配列を含む、本発明1011の方法。
[本発明1015]
前記CARが、SEQ ID NO:9、SEQ ID NO:11、またはSEQ ID NO:13と少なくとも90%の同一性を有する、本発明1011~1014のいずれかのNK-92細胞株。
[本発明1016]
前記CARが、CD19、CD20、NKG2Dリガンド、CS1、GD2、CD138、EpCAM、HER-2、EBNA3C、GPA7、CD244、CA-125、MUC-1、ETA、MAGE、CEA、CD52、CD30、MUC5AC、c-Met、EGFR、FAB、WT-1、PSMA、NY-ESO1、およびCD33からなる群より選択される腫瘍関連抗原を標的とする、本発明1011~1014のいずれかのNK-92細胞株。
[本発明1017]
サイトカインをさらに発現する、本発明1011~1016のいずれかのNK-92細胞株。
[本発明1018]
前記サイトカインがインターロイキン-2またはそのバリアントである、本発明1017のNK-92細胞株。
[本発明1019]
前記サイトカインが小胞体を標的とする、本発明1017または1018のNK-92細胞株。
[本発明1020]
前記Fc受容体および前記CARが、異なるベクター上にコードされている、本発明1011~1019のいずれかの細胞。
[本発明1021]
前記細胞株の細胞が10回未満の集団倍加を受ける、本発明1011~1020のいずれかの細胞株。
[本発明1022]
前記細胞が、10 U/ml未満のIL-2を含有する培地中で培養される、本発明1011~1020のいずれかの細胞株。
[本発明1023]
本発明1001~1010または本発明1011~1022のいずれかからの細胞のある量を含む、組成物。
[本発明1024]
少なくとも1種のモノクローナル抗体をさらに含む、本発明1023の組成物。
[本発明1025]
前記少なくとも1種のモノクローナル抗体が、裸のモノクローナル抗体、コンジュゲートされたモノクローナル抗体、または二重特異性モノクローナル抗体である、本発明1024の組成物。
[本発明1026]
前記モノクローナル抗体が、アレムツズマブ、リツクスマブ(rituxumab)、トラスツズマブ、イブリツモマブ、ブレンツキシマブ、ゲムツズマブ、アドトラスツズマブ(adotranstuzumab)、ブリナツモマブ、アベルマブ、ダラツムマブ(daratumumab)、およびエロツズマブからなる群より選択される、本発明1024の組成物。
[本発明1027]
それを必要とする患者においてがんを処置する方法であって、本発明1001~1010のいずれかの細胞または本発明1011~1022のいずれかの細胞株のいずれか1つの有効量を、該患者に投与し、それによって該がんを処置する段階を含む、方法。
[本発明1028]
前記細胞が、静脈内、腹腔内、および皮下からなる群より選択される経路によって前記患者に投与される、本発明1027の方法。
[本発明1029]
少なくとも1種のモノクローナル抗体の有効量を前記患者に投与する段階をさらに含む、本発明1027の方法。
[本発明1030]
前記モノクローナル抗体が、裸のモノクローナル抗体、コンジュゲートされたモノクローナル抗体、または二重特異性モノクローナル抗体である、本発明1029の方法。
[本発明1031]
前記モノクローナル抗体が、アレムツズマブ、リツクスマブ、トラスツズマブ、イブリツモマブ、ブレンツキシマブ、ゲムツズマブ、アドトラスツズマブ、ブリナツモマブ、アベルマブ、ダラツムマブ、およびエロツズマブからなる群より選択される、本発明1029の方法。
[本発明1032]
前記モノクローナル抗体および前記細胞が同時に投与される、本発明1029~1031のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1033]
前記モノクローナル抗体および前記細胞が、前記患者へ投与する前に混合される、本発明1029~1031のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1034]
前記モノクローナル抗体および前記細胞が連続的に投与される、本発明1029~1031のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1035]
前記がんが、白血病、リンパ腫、真性多血症、多発性骨髄腫、ワルデンストレーム高ガンマグロブリン血症、重鎖病、肉腫、およびがん腫からなる群より選択される、本発明1027~1034のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1036]
前記患者の体表面積1 m2当たり約1×108個から約1×1011個の細胞が該患者に投与される、本発明1027~1035のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1037]
(a)細胞表面上に少なくとも1種のFc受容体および該細胞表面上に少なくとも1種のキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)を発現するよう改変されている、NK-92細胞と、(b)使用のための説明書とを含む、がんを処置するためのキット。
[本発明1038]
(c)少なくとも1種のモノクローナル抗体をさらに含む、本発明1037のキット。
[本発明1039]
前記モノクローナル抗体が、裸のモノクローナル抗体、コンジュゲートされたモノクローナル抗体、または二重特異性モノクローナル抗体である、本発明1038のキット。
[本発明1040]
前記モノクローナル抗体が、アレムツズマブ、リツクスマブ、トラスツズマブ、イブリツモマブ、ブレンツキシマブ、ゲムツズマブ、アドトラスツズマブ、ブリナツモマブ、アベルマブ、ダラツムマブ、およびエロツズマブからなる群より選択される、本発明1038のキット。
[本発明1041]
改変NK-92細胞の細胞表面上に少なくとも2種のリガンド結合要素を有するように、1種または複数種のFc受容体および1種または複数種のCARからなる群より選択される多座配位(multidentate)リガンド結合要素を含む、該改変NK-92細胞。
[本発明1042]
改変NK-92細胞の細胞表面上の多座配位結合要素を使用する段階を含む、がん細胞に対するNK-92細胞の結合親和性を増強するための方法であって、該改変NK-92細胞が、該NK-92細胞の細胞表面上に少なくとも2種のリガンド結合要素を有するように、1種または複数種のFc受容体および1種または複数種のCARについての多座配位結合要素を含む、方法。
前述の一般的な説明および下記の詳細な説明は、例示的かつ説明的なものであり、本開示のさらなる説明を提供することを意図する。他の目的、利点および新規な特徴は、当業者には容易に明らかである。
少なくとも1種のFc受容体および少なくとも1種のキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)をNK-92細胞の細胞表面上に提示するように、少なくとも1種のFc受容体および少なくとも1種のCARを発現するよう改変された、NK-92細胞が、本明細書において提供される。任意で、Fc受容体はFcγRIII-A(CD16)を含んでもよい。任意で、NK-92細胞は、SEQ ID NO:1(158位にフェニルアラニンを有するFcγRIII-AまたはCD16 (F-158))と少なくとも90%の配列同一性;またはSEQ ID NO:2(158位にバリンを有する(F158V)CD16、より親和性の高い形態)と少なくとも90%の同一性を有するポリペプチドをコードするFc受容体を発現するように遺伝子改変される。典型的な態様において、CD16ポリペプチドは158位にバリンを有する。任意で、NK-92細胞は、SEQ ID NO:8(CD19)、SEQ ID NO:9(CD19)、SEQ ID NO:10(CD33)、SEQ ID NO:11(CD33)、SEQ ID NO:12(CSPG-4)、またはSEQ ID NO:13(CSPG-4)と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するポリペプチドをコードするCARを発現するように遺伝子改変される。任意で、CARは、腫瘍関連抗原、例えば、CD19、CD20、NKG2Dリガンド、CS1、GD2、CD138、EpCAM、HER-2、EBNA3C、GPA7、CD244、CA-125、MUC-1、ETA、MAGE、CEA、CD52、CD30、MUC5AC、c-Met、EGFR、FAB、WT-1、PSMA、NY-ESO1、およびCD33を標的とする。いくつかの態様において、細胞株のNK-92細胞は10回未満の集団倍加を受ける。
特に他で定義されない限り、本明細書で用いられる全ての技術用語および科学用語は、当業者によって一般的に理解されるのと同じ意味を有する。
NK-92細胞株は、インターロイキン2(IL-2)の存在下で増殖することが発見された独特の細胞株である。Gong et al., Leukemia 8:652-658 (1994)。これらの細胞は、様々ながんに対して高い細胞溶解活性を有する。NK-92細胞株は、広範な抗腫瘍細胞傷害性を有する均一ながん性NK細胞集団であり、増大後に予測可能な収量で得られる。第I相臨床試験ではその安全性プロファイルが確認されている。NK-92は非ホジキンリンパ腫に罹患している対象の血液中で発見され、その後、エクスビボで不死化された。NK-92細胞はNK細胞に由来するが、正常なNK細胞によって示される主な阻害性受容体を欠き、活性化受容体の大部分を保持する。しかしながら、NK-92細胞は正常な細胞を攻撃せず、また、ヒトにおいて容認できない免疫拒絶反応を誘発することもない。NK-92細胞株の特性解析は、WO 1998/49268および米国特許出願公開第2002-0068044号に記載されている。
Fc受容体は抗体のFc部分に結合する。いくつかのFc受容体が知られており、それらは、その好ましいリガンド、親和性、発現、および抗体への結合後の効果によって相違する。
本明細書に記載される場合、NK-92細胞は、細胞表面上にキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)を発現するようにさらに操作される。任意で、CARは腫瘍特異的抗原に特異的である。腫瘍特異的抗原は、それらのそれぞれが参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み入れられる、US 2013/0189268;WO 1999024566 A1;US 7098008;およびWO 2000020460 A1に、非限定的な例として、記載される。腫瘍特異的抗原には、限定するものではないが、NKG2D、CS1、GD2、CD138、EpCAM、EBNA3C、GPA7、CD244、CA-125、ETA、MAGE、CAGE、BAGE、HAGE、LAGE、PAGE、NY-SEO-1、GAGE、CEA、CD52、CD30、MUC5AC、c-Met、EGFR、FAB、WT-1、PSMA、NY-ESO1、AFP、CEA、CTAG1B、CD19およびCD33が含まれる。さらなる非限定的な腫瘍関連抗原、およびそれに関連する悪性腫瘍は表1に見出すことができる。
NK-92細胞の細胞傷害性は、サイトカイン(例えば、インターロイキン-2 (IL-2))の存在に依存する。商業規模の培養でNK-92細胞を維持しかつ増大させるために必要とされるIL-2を外部から加えて使用するには、かなりのコストがかかる。NK92細胞の活性化を継続するのに十分な量でのヒト対象へのIL-2の投与は有害な副作用を引き起こすおそれがある。
用語「自殺遺伝子」は、細胞の負の選択を可能にするものである。自殺遺伝子は安全システムとして用いられ、該遺伝子を発現する細胞を選択剤の導入によって死滅させることができる。これは、組換え遺伝子が制御不能な細胞増殖につながる突然変異を引き起こす場合に望ましい。いくつかの自殺遺伝子系が同定されており、それらには、単純ヘルペスウイルスチミジンキナーゼ(TK)遺伝子、シトシンデアミナーゼ遺伝子、水痘帯状疱疹ウイルスチミジンキナーゼ遺伝子、ニトロレダクターゼ遺伝子、大腸菌gpt遺伝子、および大腸菌Deo遺伝子が含まれる(さらに、例えば、Yazawa K, Fisher W E, Brunicardi F C: Current progress in suicide gene therapy for cancer. World J. Surg. 2002 July; 26(7):783-9を参照)。本明細書で用いる場合、自殺遺伝子はNK-92細胞において活性がある。典型的には、自殺遺伝子は、細胞に対して悪影響を有さないが、特定の化合物の存在下で細胞を死滅させる、タンパク質をコードする。したがって、自殺遺伝子は典型的には系の一部である。
トランスジーン(例えば、CD19 CARおよびCD16)は、当業者に公知の任意の機序によって発現ベクター内に操作され得る。トランスジーンは同じ発現ベクターまたは異なる発現ベクター内に操作され得る。好ましい態様において、トランスジーンは同じベクター内に操作される。
任意で、抗体は、がん性細胞またはがん関連マーカーを発現する細胞を標的とするように用いられうる。いくつかの抗体は、単独で、がんの処置に承認されている。
本明細書に記載された改変NK-92細胞で患者を処置する方法も提供される。1つの態様において、患者はがんを患っていて、NK-92細胞によって発現されたCARはそのがんの表面上に発現された抗原に特異的である。NK-92は、そのがんの表面上に発現された抗原に特異的なCARに加えて、Fc受容体を発現する(すなわち、NK-92-Fc-CAR)。例えば、NK-92細胞は、その細胞表面上にCD16およびMAGEを発現することができる(すなわち、NK-92-CD16-MAGE)。任意で、患者は改変NK92細胞さらには抗体を用いて処置される。
また、細胞表面上に少なくとも1種のFc受容体および細胞表面上に少なくとも1種のキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)を発現するよう改変されているNK-92細胞のある量を含む組成物と、がんの処置で使用するための説明書とを用いるがんの処置のためのキットが開示される。いくつかの態様において、本開示のキットは、少なくとも1種のモノクローナル抗体も含み得る。
T系統急性リンパ芽球性白血病(ALL)患者、急性骨髄性白血病(AML)患者、およびプレB-ALL患者に由来するCD19陽性白血病細胞を、S.C.接種によってNSGマウスにおいて養子成長させ、増大させる。該マウスの白血病小結節から回収された白血病細胞(第1継代)を使用する。各群のNSGマウスに、0.2 mL PBS中の第1継代からの5×106個の白血病細胞をI.P.接種する。全てのヒト白血病はNSGマウスにおいて活発に成長する。24時間後に(a)リツキシマブ、(b) NK-92-CD16-CD19細胞、または(c)リツキシマブおよびNK-92-CD16-CD19細胞のいずれかによる。4ヶ月間毎週マウスに処置をする。NK-92-CD16-CD19細胞またはリツキシマブとNK-92-CD16-CD19細胞との組み合わせのいずれかによる処置が有意に寿命を延ばし、リツキシマブのみによる処置と比較してマウスの生存期間を延長することが考えられる。
Fc受容体およびCARを発現するNK-92細胞を分析するために、細胞株K562(NK-92感受性、CD19陰性)、SUP-B15(NK-92耐性、CD19陽性)、およびSR-91(NK-92耐性、CD19陰性)に対してCD19-CARをコードするmRNAをエレクトロポレーションしたNK-92細胞のインビトロでの細胞傷害性アッセイを行った。結果を図1A、1B、および1Cに示す。図1Aは、エレクトロポレーションされていない親NK-92細胞による標的細胞株の死滅を示す。図1Bは、CD19-CARを発現する親NK-92細胞による標的細胞株の死滅を示す。図1Cは、CD19-CARを発現するCD16(158V)-ERIL2 NK-92細胞による標的細胞株の死滅を示す。NK耐性CD19陽性SUP-B15細胞は、CD19-CAR発現NK-92細胞およびCD16(158V)-ERIL2 NK-92細胞に対して感受性になるが、NK耐性CD19陰性SR-91細胞は耐性のままである。K562の死滅はCD19-CARの発現によって影響を受けない。
第1世代CAR構築物に基づく3種類の異なるCAR: CD19、CD33、およびCSPG-4のmRNAトランスフェクション、発現および細胞傷害性のデータを提供する。mRNAトランスフェクション用の標的細胞株はaNK(親NK-92細胞)およびhaNK(高親和性FcR発現NK-92)であった。scFv配列をGeneArt(コドン最適化)によってオーダーメイドし、mRNAをMaxCyte GTを用いてトランスフェクトしてtaNK(標的活性化NK細胞)を作製した。対応する抗体を用いる免疫蛍光によって発現を判定し、標準的なフローサイトメトリーアッセイを用いて細胞傷害性を測定した。
SEQ ID NO:1 低親和性免疫グロブリンγFc領域受容体III-Aのアミノ酸配列(成熟形態)。158位のフェニルアラニンには下線が引かれている。
SEQ ID NO:2 高親和性バリアントF158V免疫グロブリンγFc領域受容体III-Aのアミノ酸配列(成熟形態)。158位のバリンには下線が引かれている。
SEQ ID NO:3 低親和性免疫グロブリンγFc領域受容体III-Aのアミノ酸配列(前駆体形態)。前駆体形態についての176位は成熟形態についての158位に対応する。176位のPheには下線が引かれている。
SEQ ID NO:4 高親和性バリアント免疫グロブリンγFc領域受容体III-Aのアミノ酸配列(前駆体形態)。前駆体形態についての176位は成熟形態についての158位に対応する。176位のValには下線が引かれている。
SEQ ID NO:5 低親和性免疫グロブリンγFc領域受容体III-A(前駆体)をコードするポリヌクレオチド(158位においてフェニルアラニンをコードする)
SEQ ID NO:6 野生型IL-2
SEQ ID NO:7 IL-2-ER
SEQ ID NO:8 CD19-CAR DNA配列
SEQ ID NO:9 CD19-CARアミノ酸配列
SEQ ID NO:10 CD33-CAR DNA配列
SEQ ID NO:11 CD33-CARアミノ酸配列
SEQ ID NO:12 CSPG4-CAR DNA配列
SEQ ID NO:13 CSPG4-CARアミノ酸配列
Claims (6)
- それを必要とする患者におけるB細胞悪性腫瘍を処置するための薬学的組成物であって、
該患者に投与されるNK-92細胞株の有効量を含み、
該NK-92細胞株は、改変されたNK-92細胞を含み、
該改変されたNK-92細胞は、Fc受容体およびキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)が該改変されたNK-92細胞の細胞表面上に提示されるように、Fc受容体およびCARを発現するようにそれぞれ改変されており、
該CARは、SEQ ID NO:9のアミノ酸配列を有し、および
該Fc受容体は、SEQ ID NO:2のアミノ酸配列を有する、
薬学的組成物。 - 該改変されたNK-92細胞が、サイトカインを発現するように改変されている、請求項1記載の薬学的組成物。
- 該有効量が、少なくとも1×108個の細胞である、請求項1記載の薬学的組成物。
- 該CARが、CD19腫瘍関連抗原を標的とする、請求項1記載の薬学的組成物。
- 改変されたNK-92細胞であって、
(1) 該改変されたNK-92細胞は、Fc受容体およびキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)が該改変されたNK-92細胞の細胞表面上に提示されるように、Fc受容体およびCARをそれぞれが発現するよう改変されており、
(2) 該CARは、SEQ ID NO:9のアミノ酸配列を有し、および
(3) 該Fc受容体は、SEQ ID NO:2のアミノ酸配列を有する、
改変されたNK-92細胞。 - 該改変されたNK-92細胞が、サイトカインを発現するようにさらに改変されている、請求項5記載の改変されたNK-92細胞。
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