JP7261990B2 - リチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法および高分子電解質の製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法および高分子電解質の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7261990B2 JP7261990B2 JP2021538357A JP2021538357A JP7261990B2 JP 7261990 B2 JP7261990 B2 JP 7261990B2 JP 2021538357 A JP2021538357 A JP 2021538357A JP 2021538357 A JP2021538357 A JP 2021538357A JP 7261990 B2 JP7261990 B2 JP 7261990B2
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- Prior art keywords
- ion secondary
- lithium
- secondary battery
- carbonate
- lithium ion
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- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 58
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 52
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 52
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- -1 fluorosulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005634 peroxydicarbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021561 transition metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
正極と、
負極と、
前記正極および前記負極の間に配置されている電解質と
を備え、
前記電解質が、高分子電解質を含み、
前記高分子電解質は、ビニレンカーボネート類の重合体と、フルオロスルホニル基含有化合物のリチウム塩とを含む。
ポリエチレンオキシド系高分子は結晶性が高く、リチウムイオン輸送が妨げられるため、イオン伝導度が低いという課題がある。
本開示の第1態様に係るリチウムイオン二次電池は、
正極と、
負極と、
前記正極および前記負極の間に配置されている電解質と
を備え、
前記電解質が、高分子電解質を含み、
前記高分子電解質は、ビニレンカーボネート類の重合体と、フルオロスルホニル基含有化合物のリチウム塩とを含む。
図1は、本実施の形態における電池1000の概略構成を示す断面図である。本実施の形態に係るリチウムイオン二次電池は、正極101と、電解質102と、負極103と、を備える。電解質102は、正極101および負極103の間に配置される。電解質102は高分子電解質を含む。高分子電解質はビニレンカーボネート類の重合体と、フルオロスルホニル基含有化合物のリチウム塩とを含む。電解質102は高分子電解質を主成分として含んでいてもよい。「主成分」とは、質量比で最も多く含まれる成分を意味する。電解質102における高分子電解質の含有量は、例えば50質量%以上であってもよく、60質量%以上であってもよい。さらに、電解質102における高分子電解質の含有量は、80質量%以上であってもよく、90質量%以上であってもよく、100質量%であってもよい。本開示において、「ビニレンカーボネート類」は、ビニレンカーボネートまたはその誘導体を意味する。ここで、ビニレンカーボネートの誘導体は、ビニレンカーボネートが有する水素原子を置換基により置換したものである。
<高分子電解質の作製>
リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド(キシダ化学株式会社)を2.0mol/L、3.0mol/Lの2種の濃度となるように、ビニレンカーボネート(Aldrich)10mLに溶解させた。次に、10mgの2,2’-アゾビス(イソブチロニトリル)(東京化成工業株式会社)をさらに添加したものをガラス板で挟み、60℃で24時間加熱した。次に、80℃で10時間さらに加熱した。以上により、フィルム状の高分子電解質を作製した。
作用極をNi板とし、対極をNi板とした。作製した高分子電解質をφ9mmに打ち抜いた。次に、作用極と対極とで高分子電解質を挟み、電池評価試験セル(Swagelokセル)を組み立てて試験セルとした。周波数範囲は0.1MHz以上7MHz以下とし、VSP-300(Bio-Logic社)にて室温(25℃)でインピーダンス測定を行った。この測定結果を図2に示す。図2において「LiFSI」は実施例1を示している。
<高分子電解質の作製>
リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドに代えてリチウムジフルオロ(オキサラト)ボレート(東京化成工業株式会社)を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様にして、フィルム状の高分子電解質を作製した。リチウムジフルオロ(オキサラト)ボレートの濃度も、実施例1と同様、2.0mol/L、3.0mol/Lの2種とした。
実施例1と同様にして、得られた高分子電解質についてイオン伝導度σを測定した。測定結果を図2に示す。図2において、「LiDFOB」は比較例1を示している。図2において、縦軸はイオン伝導度σを表す。縦軸の単位はS/cmである。横軸は支持塩濃度を表す。横軸の単位はmol/Lである。支持塩は、実施例1においては、リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドであり、比較例1では、リチウムジフルオロ(オキサラト)ボレートである。
<高分子電解質の作製>
リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド(キシダ化学株式会社)を4.0mol/L、5.0mol/Lの2種の濃度となるように、ビニレンカーボネート(Aldrich)各10mLに溶解させた。次に、10mgの2,2’-アゾビス(イソブチロニトリル)(東京化成工業株式会社)を添加した溶液を作製した。これらの溶液にエチレンカーボネート(EC)を25質量%、30質量%、35質量%、40質量%、45質量%、50質量%添加したものをガラス板で挟み、60℃で24時間加熱した。次に、80℃で10時間さらに加熱した。以上により、フィルム状の高分子電解質を作製した。
実施例1と同様にして、得られた高分子電解質についてイオン伝導度σを測定した。測定結果を図3に示す。図3は、エチレンカーボネートの添加量に対するイオン伝導度σの変化を示すグラフである。図3において、「LiFSI 4mol/L」が、リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドを4.0mol/Lとした結果を示し、「LiFSI 5mol/L」が、リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドを5.0mol/Lとした結果を示す。
実施例1および実施例2で用いたリチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド(LiFSI)、比較例1のリチウムジフルオロ(オキサラト)ボレート(LiDFOB)に加えて、比較例2としてリチウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド(LiTFSI)を用いて、対比実験を行った。対比実験では、これらのリチウム塩について、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)への溶解性、成膜性、イオン伝導度σを評価した。イオン伝導度σは実施例1と同じ方法で測定を行った。
<ビニレンカーボネート(VC)に対する電解質としての支持塩の溶解性>
〇:5.0mol/Lを超える濃度で添加したときに、目視で溶解していることが確認できる
△:5.0mol/Lの濃度で添加したときには目視で溶け残りが確認できるが、2.0mol/L以下の濃度で添加したときには目視で溶解していることが確認できる
<高分子電解質の成膜性>
〇:5.0mol/Lを超える濃度でVCに添加したときに自立膜として成膜できる
△:5.0mol/Lの濃度でVCに添加したときには自立膜として成膜できないが、0.5mol/L以下の濃度でVCに添加したときには自立膜として成膜できる
102 電解質
103 負極
Claims (10)
- 正極と、負極と、前記正極および前記負極の間に配置されている電解質とを備えたリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法であって、
前記電解質が、高分子電解質を含み、
前記高分子電解質は、ビニレンカーボネート類の重合体と、フルオロスルホニル基含有化合物のリチウム塩とを含み、
前記フルオロスルホニル基含有化合物のリチウム塩を単量体である前記ビニレンカーボネート類に溶解させることと、
前記ビニレンカーボネート類を重合させることと、
をこの順で行って前記高分子電解質を合成する、リチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。 - 前記ビニレンカーボネート類の重合体が、ポリ(ビニレンカーボネート)である、請求項1または2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。
- 前記高分子電解質が、40質量%未満の非水溶媒を含む、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。
- 前記非水溶媒は、環状カーボネート類、鎖状カーボネート類、およびスルホラン類からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つを含む、請求項4に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。
- 前記非水溶媒は、エチレンカーボネート、フルオロエチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネートおよびスルホランからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つを含む、請求項4に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。
- 前記非水溶媒は、エチレンカーボネートを含む、請求項4に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。
- 前記フルオロスルホニル基含有化合物のリチウム塩はリチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドを含む、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。
- 前記高分子電解質に含まれた高分子成分が前記ビニレンカーボネート類の単独重合体のみである、または、前記ビニレンカーボネート類の重合体が共重合体である、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。
- リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドを単量体であるビニレンカーボネート類に溶解させることと、
前記ビニレンカーボネート類を重合させることと、
をこの順に含む、高分子電解質の製造方法。
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JP2013062038A (ja) | 2011-09-12 | 2013-04-04 | Hitachi Maxell Energy Ltd | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
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CN107768717A (zh) | 2017-09-14 | 2018-03-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学无锡新材料研究院 | 一种紫外固化的半互穿网络结构的聚碳酸酯基固态聚合物电解质及其制备方法 |
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