JP7233839B2 - 乾草防腐剤及び乾草の保存方法 - Google Patents
乾草防腐剤及び乾草の保存方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/205—Bacterial isolates
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
- C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12N9/2405—Glucanases
- C12N9/2434—Glucanases acting on beta-1,4-glucosidic bonds
- C12N9/2442—Chitinase (3.2.1.14)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y302/00—Hydrolases acting on glycosyl compounds, i.e. glycosylases (3.2)
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- C12Y302/01014—Chitinase (3.2.1.14)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
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- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Storage Of Harvested Produce (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Beans For Foods Or Fodder (AREA)
Description
しかしながら、この作業は、植物の継続的な呼吸、機械的損傷による葉の粉砕、及び雨による溶脱に起因する相当な栄養損失をもたらす。この事実の認識により、また予想不能な天候のため、多くの乾草生産者は最適な水分量よりも高い水分量(20~30%)で乾草を梱包し、雨による被害と葉の機械的損失のリスクを最小限にしている。しかしながら、この実務は酵母、カビ、及び時には細菌の活動による損害、熱の発生、及び給与する際の乾草の栄養価の低下をもたらしている。
1PA=ピキア・アノマラ;CE=キチナーゼ活性保有酵素;BPA=プロピオン酸;CON=コントロール
2TB=寒天培地で成長する非選好性細菌;LAB=MRS培地で成長する、乳酸桿菌と推定される細菌;OM=有機物;NH3=アンモニア性窒素;TN=総窒素;LA=乳酸;ADF=酸性デタージェント線維;ADIN=酸性洗剤不溶酵素
1PA=ピキア・アノマラ;CE=キチナーゼ活性保有酵素;BPA=プロピオン酸;CON=コントロール
2TB=寒天培地で成長する非選好性細菌;LAB=MRS培地で成長する、乳酸桿菌と推定される細菌;OM=有機物;NH3=アンモニア性窒素;TN=総窒素;LA=乳酸;ADF=酸性デタージェント線維;ADIN=酸性洗剤不溶酵素
1PA=ピキア・アノマラ;CE=キチナーゼ活性保有酵素;BPA=プロピオン酸;CON=コントロール
PA=ピキア・アノマラ;CE=キチナーゼ活性保有酵素;BPA=プロピオン酸;CON=コントロール
色/におい Maryland Cooperative Extension Fact Sheet#644 “Evaluating Hay Quality”による。
(http://www.extension.umd.edu/publications/pdfs/fs644.pdf)
色
明るい緑色の乾草は高いポイントとする(15~20)。
ゴールデンイエロー~黄色の乾草は5~15ポイントとする。
茶褐色~黒色の乾草は0~5ポイントとする。
におい
新しく刈った乾草のにおいは高いポイントとする(15~20ポイント)。
カビ臭い又は他の悪臭の乾草は5~15ポイントとする。
カビが生えた又は異常なほこりっぽい乾草は非常に低いポイントとする(0~5ポイント)。
グレード
グレードは審査員による全体評価に基づき、非常に劣る(very poor)、劣る(poor)、平均(average)、良好(good)、非常に良好(very good)、極めて良好(excellent)で評価する。
ペディオコッカス・ペントサセウスと組み合わせたキチナーゼ活性保有酵素の組み合わせは、乾草1トン当たり、1Lの水に1011CFU、及び1.5gを使用した。ピキア・アノマラ単独については乾草1トン当たり、1Lに1011CFU使用した。ペディオコッカス・ペントサセウス単独については乾草1トン当たり、1Lに1011CFU使用した。キチナーゼ活性保有酵素単独については、乾草1トン当たり1.5g(1Lの水に懸濁)の割合で使用した。プロピオン酸製品は
68%(vol/vol)プロピオン酸からなり、2.72L/トンの量でポジティブコントロールとして使用した。ネガティブコントロールは水であり、乾草1トン当たり1Lの割合で使用した。約800kgの5つの大きな丸いベールを同じ日に各処理に対して実施例1に従って作成した。
Claims (14)
- 乾草防腐及び減熱に有効な量の少なくとも1種類のキチナーゼ活性保有酵素を、乾草防腐及び減熱に有効な量のピキア属の酵母又はペディオコッカス属の細菌と組み合わせて含む、乾草防腐剤であり、a)前記少なくとも1種類のキチナーゼ活性保有酵素は被処理乾草1トン当たり6U~300Uの範囲のキチナーゼ活性を保有し、かつ、b)前記乾草防腐及び減熱に有効な量のピキア属の酵母又はペディオコッカス属の細菌は、被処理乾草1トン当たり、105~1015の酵母又は細菌の生菌であり、また、1酵素単位(U)は、2時間の試験において、pH6.0、25℃の温度下で1時間当たり、キチン(g)から1.0mgのN―アセチル-D―グルコサミンを遊離させる、乾草防腐剤。
- 前記ピキア属の酵母がピキア・アノマラ種に由来する、請求項1に記載の乾草防腐剤。
- 前記ピキア属の酵母が、受託番号DBVPG 3003のピキア・アノマラ株の識別特性の全てを備えたピキア・アノマラ種に由来する、請求項1又は2に記載の乾草防腐剤。
- 前記ペディオコッカス属の細菌がペディオコッカス・ペントサセウス種に由来する、請求項1に記載の乾草防腐剤。
- 前記ペディオコッカス属の細菌が、受託番号NCIMB 12674のペディオコッカス・ペントサセウスBTC328株又は受託番号NCIMB 12675のペディオコッカス・ペントサセウスBTC401株の識別特性の全てを備えたペディオコッカス・ペントサセウス種に由来する、請求項1又は4に記載の乾草防腐剤。
- 前記少なくとも1種類のキチナーゼ活性保有酵素が乾草防腐及び減熱に有効な量のピキア・アノマラ種と組み合わせられる、請求項1に記載の乾草防腐剤。
- 前記少なくとも1種類のキチナーゼ活性保有酵素が乾草防腐及び減熱に有効な量のペディオコッカス・ペントサセウス種と組み合わせられる、請求項1に記載の乾草防腐剤。
- ペクチンリアーゼ活性、グルカナーゼ活性又はそれらの混合活性を保有する少なくとも1種類の酵素をさらに含む、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の乾草防腐剤。
- 高水分乾草における熱損傷を防止及び/又は低減するため、並びにそれを防腐するために乾草を処理する方法であって、前記高水分乾草は20%よりも高い水分レベルであり、乾草に、乾草防腐及び減熱に有効な量の少なくとも1種類のキチナーゼ活性保有酵素を乾草防腐及び減熱に有効な量のピキア属の酵母又はペディオコッカス属の細菌と組み合わせて含む乾草防腐剤を添加することを含み、a)前記少なくとも1種類のキチナーゼ活性保有酵素は被処理乾草1トン当たり6U~300Uの範囲のキチナーゼ活性を保有し、かつ、b)前記乾草防腐及び減熱に有効な量のピキア属の酵母又はペディオコッカス属の細菌は、被処理乾草1トン当たり、105~1015の酵母又は細菌の生菌であり、また、1酵素単位(U)は、2時間の試験において、pH6.0、25℃の温度下で1時間当たり、キチン(g)から1.0mgのN―アセチル-D―グルコサミンを遊離させる、方法。
- 前記ピキア属の酵母がピキア・アノマラ種である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記ピキア属の酵母が受託番号DBVPG 3003のピキア・アノマラ株の識別特性の全てを備えたピキア・アノマラ種である、請求項9又は10に記載の方法。
- 前記ペディオコッカス属の細菌がペディオコッカス・ペントサセウス種である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記ペディオコッカス属の細菌が受託番号NCIMB 12674のペディオコッカス・ペントサセウスBTC328株又は受託番号NCIMB 12675のペディオコッカス・ペントサセウスBTC401株の全ての識別特性を備えたペディオコッカス・ペントサセウス種である、請求項12に記載の方法。
- ペクチンリアーゼ活性、グルカナーゼ活性又はそれらの混合活性を保有する少なくとも1種類の酵素をさらに含む、請求項9~13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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US5371011A (en) | 1989-07-10 | 1994-12-06 | Zeneca Corp. | Mold control in forage |
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