JP7215654B2 - 粘性熱硬化性樹脂を高温噴射して、積層造形を介して固体物品を作製するための組成物及び方法 - Google Patents
粘性熱硬化性樹脂を高温噴射して、積層造形を介して固体物品を作製するための組成物及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7215654B2 JP7215654B2 JP2020531537A JP2020531537A JP7215654B2 JP 7215654 B2 JP7215654 B2 JP 7215654B2 JP 2020531537 A JP2020531537 A JP 2020531537A JP 2020531537 A JP2020531537 A JP 2020531537A JP 7215654 B2 JP7215654 B2 JP 7215654B2
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- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007964 xanthones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Description
[0001]本発明は、粘性熱硬化性組成物を用いる積層造形噴射プロセスを介して3次元物品を形成するための方法及び組成物並びにそれから作製される3次元物品に関する。
[0002]本出願は、2017年12月15日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/599245号明細書及び2017年12月26日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/610303号明細書に対する優先権を主張するものであり、これらのそれぞれの全内容は、本明細書中に完全に記載されたかのように参照によってその全体が本明細書に援用される。
[0003]3次元物体を製造するための積層造形プロセスは、周知である。積層造形プロセスは、物体のコンピュータデータを利用して、液状樹脂、固体粉末、溶融フィラメント又はペースト/スラリーの形態を取り得る種々の材料から層状に又は一部分ずつ3次元物体を造形する。付加製造又は3D印刷としても知られているが、バインダー噴射、指向性エネルギー堆積、材料押出、材料噴射、粉末床融合、シート積層及び液槽光重合を含む7つのこのような非限定的な積層造形技術は、現在、ISO/ASTM52900-15において定義されている。
[0017]本明細書には、この依然として満たされていない必要性を解決する本発明のいくつかの実施形態が記載されている。第1の実施形態は、3次元物体を形成する方法であって、印刷システムの少なくとも1つの噴射ヘッドのノズルから第1の噴射方向において所定のパターンに従って液状熱硬化性材料を表面に選択的に堆積させるステップと、液状熱硬化性材料の少なくとも一部を化学放射線源に曝露して、硬化された熱硬化性材料の一部を形成するステップと、硬化された熱硬化性材料から3次元物体を形成するために、選択的堆積ステップ及び曝露ステップを複数回繰り返すステップとを含み、噴射ヘッドは、約180℃まで又は約30℃~約160℃、若しくは約40℃~約150℃、若しくは約45℃~約140℃、若しくは約50℃~約135℃、若しくは約65℃~約130℃の動作温度でノズルから液状熱硬化性材料の小滴を排出するように構成され、さらに、液状熱硬化性材料は、動作温度において、約60cPsまで又は約2cPs~約60cPs、若しくは約5cPs~約55cPs、若しくは約8cPs~約50cPs、若しくは約10cPs~約50cPs、若しくは20cPs超~約60cPs、若しくは30cPs超~約60cPsの粘度を有し、液状熱硬化性材料は、CaBER伸長レオロジー方法によって試験されたとき、以下の式:
(式中、tbreakは、実際の破断時間であり、及びtviscousは、粘性破断時間であり、及びXは、1未満、又は0.8未満、又は0.7未満、好ましくは0.5未満、又は0.4未満、又は0.3未満、又は0.2未満、又は0.1未満、又は約0.0である)
を満たす、方法である。
[0025]本発明の第1の実施形態に従う方法は、印刷システムの少なくとも1つの噴射ヘッドのノズルから第1の噴射方向において所定のパターンに従って液状熱硬化性材料を表面に選択的に堆積させるステップと、液状熱硬化性材料の少なくとも一部を化学放射線源に曝露して、硬化された熱硬化性材料の一部を形成するステップと、硬化された熱硬化性材料から3次元物体を形成するために、選択的堆積ステップ及び曝露ステップを複数回繰り返すステップとを含み、ここで、噴射ヘッドは、約180℃まで又は約30℃~約160℃、若しくは約40℃~約150℃、若しくは約45℃~約140℃、若しくは約50℃~約135℃、若しくは約65℃~約130℃の動作温度でノズルから液状熱硬化性材料の小滴を排出するように構成され、さらに、液状熱硬化性材料は、動作温度において、約60cPsまで又は約2cPs~約60cPs、若しくは約5cPs~約55cPs、若しくは約8cPs~約50cPs、若しくは約10cPs~約50cPs、若しくは20cPs超~約60cPs、若しくは30cPs超~約60cPsの粘度を有し、
液状熱硬化性材料は、CaBER伸長レオロジー方法によって試験されたとき、以下の式:
(式中、tbreakは、実際の破断時間であり、及びtviscousは、粘性破断時間であり、及びXは、1未満、又は0.8未満、又は0.7未満、好ましくは0.5未満、又は0.4未満、又は0.3未満、又は0.2未満、又は0.1未満、又は約0.0である)
を満たす。
である。
を用いて、粘性破断時間と実際の破断時間の90%との合間で決定され、式中、
D0は、時間tviscousにおけるストランドの初期測定直径(m)であり、
ηpは、材料のゼロせん断粘度(Pa・s)であり、
γは、材料の表面張力(N/m)であり、及び
λは、緩和時間(s)であり、ここで、
組合せ
は、フィッティングパラメータである。
[0129]これらの実施例は、本発明の方法の実施形態で使用される液状熱硬化性材料を説明する。表1は、本実施例において使用される液状熱硬化性材料の種々の成分を記載する。表2は、本実施例の組成物を記載する。実験結果は、表3及び表4に示される。
[0130]当該技術分野で周知の方法に従い、上記の表1に記載される原材料の1つ又は複数を混ぜ合わせることにより、種々の液状熱硬化性組成物を調製した。
[0131]Epon 1750ビニルエステル樹脂は、攪拌器、コンデンサー、投与点及び通気針を備えた1リットルの被覆反応容器を提供することによって調製した。通気針にビスフェノールAエポキシ樹脂(Mn:1792g/mol)及びトルエンを充填した。混合物が100℃に達するまで容器を加熱し、その後、混合物を酸性にするために第1の5mlのメタクリル酸と一緒にメチルヒドロキノンを添加した。この後、トリフェニルホスフィンを添加し、Lauda温度を130℃まで上昇させ、それによりトルエンを還流させた。トルエンを還流させながら、15分以内に残りのメタクリル酸を添加した。反応混合物130℃で一晩攪拌させた。10時間の反応後、サンプルを取り、酸価及びエポキシ価を検査した。3mlの追加のメタクリル酸を添加し、還流させながら反応をさらに2時間継続させた後、Lauda温度を110℃まで低下させた。コンデンサーを、捕集フラスコを備えた蒸留コンデンサーに交換した。次に、ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)を添加し、2時間にわたって通気針の流れを用いてトルエンを110℃で除去した。コンデンサー内部の温度は、60~70℃に達した。2時間後、温度を135℃まで急速に(すなわち約20分後)上昇させた後、反応を停止させた。最後に、0.2gのトリメチルヒドロキノンを添加してから、生成物を貯蔵のために標準的なアルミニウム缶に移した。反応組成物は、次のように以下の表1.1に記載される。
本明細書で言及されるポリエステルメタクリレートは、まず、温度計、攪拌器及び合成中に形成される水を除去するための蒸留デバイスが取り付けられた反応容器を提供することによって調製した。次に、前記反応容器にスズ触媒、1,2-プロパンジオール及びトリメチロールプロパンを充填した。混合物が110℃に達するまで容器を加熱し、その後、テレフタル酸を窒素流下で添加した。ポリエステルの前駆体の酸価が20mgKOH/g未満になるまで、反応水を蒸留しながら温度を徐々に245℃まで上昇させ、ヒドロキシル価を測定した。必要に応じて、200℃において反応混合物を1,2-プロパンジオールにより補正し(所望のヒドロキシル価よりも15~20mgKOH/g高い)、245℃でさらに1時間加熱した後、真空ステップに進めた。200℃において、ポリエステルが5mgKOH/g未満の酸価及び所望のヒドロキシル価に達するまで減圧を適用した。酸価をさらに低下させるために、炭酸エチレンを190℃で添加し、その量は、測定された酸価をゼロまで低下させることに基づいた。次に、温度を200℃に1時間維持し、その後、真空を15分間適用してから、室温に保持したアルミニウム箔上に混合物を放出した。
メタノール(500ml)を添加→透明溶液(発熱30℃を観察)
メタノール(100ml)を添加→エマルションの形成
メタノール(400ml)を添加→エマルションの形成
メタノール(1000ml)を添加→ポリマーが沈殿し始める
メタノール(1000ml)を添加→ポリマーが油として沈殿;混合に問題なし
メタノール(1000ml)を添加→ポリマーが壁に対して沈殿;混合に問題なし
メタノール(500ml)を添加→さらなる沈殿は観察されなかった。
[0146]本明細書で言及されるPE-IPDI-HEMAは、ポリエステル(上記で示されるサンプルNBK-003245-124)をベンジルメタクリレート中でイソホロンジイソシアナート及びヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートと反応させることによって調製した。この反応は、次のように実施した:リーンエアを備えたガラス反応器に979.5gのイソホロンジイソシアナート(1,463mol)、3gのブチル化ヒドロキシトルエン(500ppm)、1200gのベンジルメタクリレート及び3gのジラウリン酸ジブチルスズを添加し、5分間混合させた。3時間の時間枠にわたり、反応器を冷却しながら、573.5gのヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートを添加した。1時間後、1200gのベンジルメタクリレート及び3gのジラウリン酸ジブチルスズを添加し、10分間混合させた。次に、2038.0gのTPA-ポリエステル(NBK-003245-124)を添加し、混合物を85℃に加熱した。85℃で約16時間にわたって反応を継続させた。続いて、反応器を125ミクロンのフィルタ上に放出させた。得られた材料は、ポリエステルウレタンメタクリレートのベンジルメタクリレート中の60/40混合物であった(NBK-003068-110)。
[0148]当該技術分野において周知の方法に従い、上記の表1に記載される原材料の1つ又は複数を混ぜ合わせることにより、種々の液状熱硬化性組成物を調製した。
[0149]上記の組成物の1つ又は複数を、Technology Partnership plc(Melbourn、England)から入手可能なVistaプリントヘッドアレイに組み込んだ。組成物を種々の温度で噴射し、各試験温度で各組成物から排出される小滴をカメラで捉えた。最大の噴射性能が観察された最低温度を以下の表3に記録した。
[0152]関連の組成物について様々な温度で多数の粘度測定を行った。定常せん断温度傾斜試験を反映する測定は、C-PTD200 Peltier温度制御デバイスを備えたAnton Paar MCR501レオメータにおいて実施した。測定は、DG26.7(ダブルギャップ)又はCC27(同心円筒)幾何構造のいずれかを用いて実施した。サンプルカップを、DG26.7又はCC27幾何構造のシャフトに取り付けた蓋で被覆した。適用されたサンプルカップに十分な量の各サンプルを充填した。比較的高粘性の樹脂と組み合わせてDG26.7幾何構造を用いる場合、カップが適切に満たされ得るように、幾何構造を約80℃の温度に予熱することが必要であった。他の全ての場合、室温でサンプルを幾何構造に充填した。次に、システムの温度を20℃に設定し、20℃の開始温度まで、システムに平衡のための時間を与えた(約15分間)。
[0154]本明細書中のCaBER試験のために、Haake(商標)CaBER1キャピラリー破断伸長レオメータを使用した。使用したCaBER機器は、鉛直に位置合わせされた2つの対向する平行な円形表面を有し、その表面間にサンプルを配置した。本試験のために、機器は、実質的に同一線上の対向する円筒型ロッドを組み込み、各ロッドの円形面は、サンプルを設置する表面として使用される。表面は、鋼製であり、0.2μm未満の粗度(Ra)を有した。最初に2±0.05mm離間された表面(それぞれ4mm±0.25mmの直径を有する)間に各サンプル材料の滴を置いた。
[0167]ISO37:2011で指定される「タイプ3」幾何構造に従い、2つの異なる積層造形プロセスにおいて実施例2の組成物から硬化した「ドッグボーン」を構築した(全長50mm、全幅8.5mm及び厚さ約2mm)。第1のプロセスは、本発明が適用される技術分野の当業者に周知の方法に従い、Viper SLA機(製造業者3D Systems;S/N 03FB0244又は02FB0160)における光造形法によるものであった。第2の方法は、TTP Vista Jetマルチアレイシステム(製造業者TTP)におけるものであった。
[0169]上記の表から分かるように、本発明の方法に従うシステムにおいて特定の粘度及びレオロジー要求を有する液状熱硬化性材料が使用される場合、優れた機械特性をもたらす3次元物品を生じる噴射印刷方法によって高粘性熱硬化性樹脂を印刷することが可能である。
Claims (20)
- 3次元物体を形成する方法であって、
印刷システムの少なくとも1つの噴射ヘッドのノズルから第1の噴射方向において所定のパターンに従って液状熱硬化性材料を表面に選択的に堆積させるステップと、
前記液状熱硬化性材料の少なくとも一部を化学放射線源に曝露して、硬化された熱硬化性材料の一部を形成するステップと、
前記硬化された熱硬化性材料から3次元物体を形成するために、前記選択的堆積ステップ及び前記曝露ステップを複数回繰り返すステップと
を含み、
前記噴射ヘッドは、30℃~160℃の動作温度で前記ノズルから前記液状熱硬化性材料の小滴を排出するように構成され、
前記液状熱硬化性材料は、前記動作温度において、30cPs超~60cPsの粘度を有し、
前記液状熱硬化性材料は、CaBER伸長レオロジー方法によって試験されたとき、以下の式:
(式中、tbreakは、実際の破断時間であり、及びtviscousは、粘性破断時間であり、及びXは、1未満である)
を満たし、
前記液状熱硬化性材料は、少なくとも1つのフリーラジカル重合性化合物を有する第1のネットワーク形成成分と、少なくとも1つのカチオン重合性化合物を有する第2のネットワーク形成成分とを含む、方法。 - 前記噴射ヘッドは、
前記ノズルを形成するアパーチャを有する少なくとも1つのノズルプレートと、
前記ノズルプレートに動作可能に接続された少なくとも1つのトランスデューサーと
を含み、前記トランスデューサーは、前記第1の噴射方向に対して実質的に平行又は逆平行の方向に前記ノズルプレートを移動させ、それにより前記液状熱硬化性材料の少なくとも1つの小滴を前記ノズルから排出させるように励起可能であり、
前記液状熱硬化性材料は、25℃において、100cPs~3000cPsの粘度を有する、請求項1に記載の3次元物体を形成する方法。 - 前記液状熱硬化性材料は、30~500の粘度比を有し、前記粘度比は、前記液状熱硬化性材料の25℃の粘度をその100℃の粘度で除した比率である、請求項1又は2に記載の3次元物体を形成する方法。
- 前記液状熱硬化性材料は、少なくとも1つのフリーラジカル光開始剤と、少なくとも1つのカチオン光開始剤と、任意選択的に1つ又は複数の添加剤とをさらに含む、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の3次元物体を形成する方法。
- 前記フリーラジカル光開始剤は、0.1重量%~8重量%で存在し、
前記カチオン光開始剤は、0.1重量%~15重量%で存在し、
前記第1のネットワーク形成成分及び前記第2のネットワーク形成成分は、それぞれ5重量%~80重量%で存在し、
前記1つ又は複数の添加剤は、0重量%~60重量%で存在し、
全ての重量百分率は、組成物全体の重量に対して列記され、及び前記各成分の重量は、100重量%を超えない、請求項4に記載の3次元物体を形成する方法。 - 前記第1のネットワーク形成成分は、多官能性アクリレートモノマーを含み、前記第2のネットワーク形成成分は、エポキシ官能基を有する化合物を含む、請求項4又は5に記載の3次元物体を形成する方法。
- 前記第2のネットワーク形成成分は、オキセタン官能基を有する化合物を含む、請求項4~6のいずれか一項に記載の3次元物体を形成する方法。
- 前記1つ又は複数の添加剤は、充填剤を含み、前記充填剤は、複数のシリカ粒子を含み、前記シリカ粒子は、複数のマイクロ粒子及び複数のナノ粒子を含む、請求項4~7のいずれか一項に記載の3次元物体を形成する方法。
- 前記充填剤は、ISO 3320:2009によって測定されたとき、5ミクロン超~50ミクロンの平均粒径を有する複数のマイクロ粒子を含み、前記液状熱硬化性材料は、前記液状熱硬化性材料全体の重量に対して20重量%~60重量%の量の充填剤を含む請求項8に記載の3次元物体を形成する方法。
- 前記1つ又は複数の添加剤は、衝撃改質剤を含み、前記衝撃改質剤は、ブロックコポリマーを含む、請求項4~9のいずれか一項に記載の3次元物体を形成する方法。
- 前記衝撃改質剤は、複数のエラストマーコア-シェル粒子を含み、前記衝撃改質剤は、前記液状熱硬化性材料全体の重量に対して3重量%~40重量%の量で存在する、請求項10に記載の3次元物体を形成する方法。
- 前記印刷システムは、前記液状熱硬化性材料の一部を貯蔵するために前記噴射ヘッドと流体連通している少なくとも1つのリザーバをさらに含む、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の3次元物体を形成する方法。
- 前記印刷システムは、温度コントローラに動作可能に接続された加熱素子をさらに含み、前記加熱素子は、前記リザーバ内の前記液状熱硬化性材料を180℃まで加熱するように制御される、請求項12に記載の3次元物体を形成する方法。
- 前記印刷システムは、噴射ヘッドの配列を含み、各噴射ヘッドは、少なくとも1つのノズルを有し、前記噴射ヘッドの配列は、フロースルー構造を提供するように構成される、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の3次元物体を形成する方法。
- 前記噴射ヘッドの配列は、前記液状熱硬化性材料が複数のノズル間で自由に流動可能であるように構成される、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の3次元物体を形成する方法。
- 前記噴射ヘッドの配列は、連続的な噴射ヘッド間の流体連通を提供するように構成され、前記配列は、連続的なノズル間の流体連通を提供するように構成される、請求項1~15のいずれか一項に記載の3次元物体を形成する方法。
- 前記噴射ヘッドの配列は、強固に固定され、連続的なノズルは、バッフルによって分離される、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の3次元物体を形成する方法。
- 前記トランスデューサーは、圧電型である、請求項2に記載の3次元物体を形成する方法。
- トランスデューサーを必要に応じて選択的に励起するための手段が提供され、それにより前記ノズルの移動に応答して前記ノズルを通して液体を移動させることにより、前記液体を各外側面から噴射物又は小滴として発射する、請求項1~18のいずれか一項に記載の3次元物体を形成する方法。
- 1つ又は複数の圧力吸収領域は、実質的に平面状のトランスデューサーの配列に対して垂直な方向において前記ノズルから所定の距離に配置される、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載の3次元物体を形成する方法。
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