JP7202182B2 - 再生可能な有機原料に由来する高い生物起源含量を有する燃料及び燃料添加剤 - Google Patents
再生可能な有機原料に由来する高い生物起源含量を有する燃料及び燃料添加剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7202182B2 JP7202182B2 JP2018530482A JP2018530482A JP7202182B2 JP 7202182 B2 JP7202182 B2 JP 7202182B2 JP 2018530482 A JP2018530482 A JP 2018530482A JP 2018530482 A JP2018530482 A JP 2018530482A JP 7202182 B2 JP7202182 B2 JP 7202182B2
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- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
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- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Industrial Gases (AREA)
Description
・燃料に変換するために使用される、MSW流から選別された原料物質;
・鉄及び非鉄金属、厚紙、プラスチック、紙、及び選別され商品市場に出荷され得るその他のリサイクル可能物質を含むがそれらに限定されない、回収可能材料;及び
・リサイクルされない、又は原料として使用されない物質の残りであり、埋立地に送られ得る、残留物質。
a.段階1-蒸気改質;
b.段階2-蒸気改質からの未反応炭素をガス化するための準化学量論的炭素酸化プロセス;及び
c.段階3-炭化水素改質。
C+H2O→H2+CO
2C+O2→2CO
C+O2→CO2。
CO+H2O⇔CO2+H2。
ガス化システムが構成され得、条件は、少なくとも以下のガス化反応が生じるように提供され得る:
C+H2O⇔H2+CO。
CO+H2O⇔CO2+H2。
nCO+(2n+1)H2→CnH2n+2+nH2O。
Claims (7)
- 他の非炭素質材料と共に比較的高い濃度の生物起源炭素(植物に由来する炭素)及び(炭素の化石源からの)比較的低い濃度の非生物起源炭素を含む都市固形廃棄物(MSW)の処理された原料に由来する高い生物起源炭素濃度のフィッシャートロプシュ(F-T)液体を製造するためのシステムであって、前記フィッシャートロプシュ液体が、以下の炭素特性を有し:
炭素数4から9の炭化水素が8.7から23モル%であり、炭素数10から19の炭化水素が18から36モル%であり、炭素数20から29の炭化水素が17から22モル%であり、炭素数30から39の炭化水素が9から11モル%であり、炭素数40以上の炭化水素が7から18モル%であり、炭素数10以上の炭化水素が70モル%以上であり、
前記システムが、
a)再生可能な原料からの前記比較的高い濃度の生物起源炭素及び前記比較的低い濃度の非生物起源炭素を維持しつつ、前記処理された原料をフィッシャー-トロプシュ液体に変換するためのバイオ精製所と;
b)前記バイオ精製所内の、比較的高い濃度の生物起源炭素を含む処理された原料の少なくともガス化、準化学量論的酸化、及び炭化水素改質を提供してシンガスを提供するガス化アイランド(GI)であって、前記GIが:
過熱された蒸気及びO2 を受け取り、前記処理された原料を乾燥、揮発及び気化して、CO、H2、H2O及びCO2 、未反応の炭化物、不活性固体、並びに、未反応の炭化水素を含むシンガスを生成し;
前記未反応の炭化物を気化し;
再循環された炭化水素生成物及び中間生成物をシンガスに変換する;前記GIと、
を含み、
前記再生可能な原料は、前記再生可能な原料における炭素に基づいて80から100%の範囲における高い濃度の生物起源炭素を含む、システム。 - シンガス調整システム、及び、前記シンガス調整システムからシンガスを受け取るF-T反応器をさらに含み;必要に応じて
前記シンガス調整システムは、前記CO2の再循環を前記ガス化アイランドに提供する、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記F-T反応器は、重質FT液体留分(HFTL)及び中質液体留分MFTL含むFT液体とF-T排ガスとを提供し、
前記MFTLの炭素数は4から26であり、前記HFTLの炭素数は7から102であり;必要に応じて
前記F-T排ガスは、前記F-T反応器に再循環される;又は、
本システムが、前記F-T液体を受け取るための水素化分解装置をさらに必要に応じて含む、請求項2に記載のシステム。 - 本システムが、前記F-T液体を受け取るための水素化分解装置を含み、前記水素化分解装置から重質分解物と軽質分解物とを受け取るための分留装置をさらに含み、必要に応じて、前記分留装置は、前記再循環された高い生物起源の炭化水素生成物を提供し;さらに必要に応じて、前記分留装置が、SPKの、若しくはナフサの、若しくはディーゼルの、又は、3つすべての組み合わせの、高い生物起源濃度を提供する、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記液体が燃料を含み;必要に応じて
前記液体がディーゼル燃料を含む;又は
前記液体が合成パラフィン系ケロシン(SPK)を含む;又は
前記液体がナフサを含む;又は
前記液体が少なくともナフサ、ディーゼル燃料及び合成パラフィン系ケロシン(SPK)を含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - a)CO、H2及びCO2が、ナフサ及びメタンを含む前記再循環され選択された炭化水素生成物と共に再循環され;必要に応じて、前記再循環され選択された炭化水素生成物及び中間生成物が、フィッシャー-トロプシュプロセスからの排ガスを含む;又は
b)前記プロセスにおいて製造された高い生物起源の二酸化炭素(CO2)が、ガス流れから除去され、前記CO2の一部が、前記ガス化アイランドへ再循環される、請求項5に記載のシステム。 - 他の非炭素質材料と共に比較的高い濃度の生物起源炭素(植物に由来する炭素)及び(炭素の化石源からの)比較的低い濃度の非生物起源炭素を含む都市固形廃棄物(MSW)の処理された原料に由来する高い生物起源炭素濃度のフィッシャートロプシュ(F-T)液体を製造するためのシステムであって、
前記システムが、
a)前記処理されたMSW原料からの比較的高い濃度の生物起源炭素及び比較的低い濃度の非生物起源炭素を含むフィッシャー-トロプシュ液体に、前記処理されたMSW原料からの比較的高い濃度の生物起源炭素及び比較的低い濃度の非生物起源炭素を維持しつつ、前記処理された原料を変換するためのバイオ精製所と;
b)前記バイオ精製所内の、比較的高い濃度の生物起源炭素を含む前記処理された原料の少なくともガス化、準化学量論的酸化、及び炭化水素改質を提供してシンガスを提供するガス化アイランド(GI)であって、前記ガス化アイランドが:
1)過熱された蒸気及びO2を受け取り、前記処理された原料を乾燥、揮発及び気化して、CO、H2、H2O及びCO2、未反応の炭化物、不活性固体、並びに、未反応の炭化水素を含むシンガスを製造するように構成された蒸気改質器と;
2)前記蒸気改質器からの前記未反応の炭化物を気化するように構成された準化学量論的炭素酸化ユニットと;
3)任意の残りの炭化物、炭化水素及びタールをシンガスに変換するように構成された炭化水素改質器ユニットと;
の3つの段階から成る、ガス化アイランドと;
c)前記ガス化アイランドからシンガスを受け取り且つ前記シンガスをF-T液体に変換する一以上のF-T反応器と、
を含み、
前記原料が、前記原料における炭素に基づいて80から100%の範囲における高い濃度の生物起源炭素を含む、システム。
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