JP7172936B2 - Garbage sorting method and device - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a garbage sorting method and apparatus, and in particular, garbage that appropriately separates bulky garbage containing metal, reduces the burden of processing the bulky garbage, and can be safely treated. The present invention relates to a sorting method and apparatus.

In general, in order to treat garbage by incineration, melting, gasification, etc., the garbage is first crushed to a desired size in a crushing treatment facility and sorted into valuables, incombustibles, combustibles, and the like. Furthermore, if the waste is bulky and reusable, it can be processed and sorted in multiple stages by combining crushers and various types of sorters in order to recycle and effectively use it as fuel. done.

For example, combustible bulky garbage is once received in a yard, confirmed to be combustible without non-combustibles, put into a shearing crusher, and roughly crushed to about 1 m or less. After that, it is sent to the incinerator pit and incinerated.

On the other hand, non-burnable garbage is temporarily received in a yard, and hazardous materials such as cylinders are removed manually. Bulky waste is put directly into the receiving hopper.

After that, it is sent to a high-speed rotary crusher and finely crushed to 150 mm or less (85% or more by weight). The finely crushed garbage is removed of ferrous materials by a magnetic sorter, and then finely sanded by a trommel sorter. The waste sorted on the sieve by the trommel sorter is sent to the aluminum sorter, where aluminum is recovered. Send the rest to the incinerator pit for incineration.

Patent Document 1 discloses an example of a system for crushing and sorting such bulky waste. According to the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, when sorting, various types of materials contained in bulky waste can be accurately sorted for each material, thereby separating foreign matter contained in lightweight combustibles. Abrasion and breakage of the volume reduction molding machine can be prevented from reduction, and the amount of residue can be reduced to reduce the amount of landfill.

1 and 2 show a schematic procedure of a conventional garbage sorting process in which the entire amount of garbage is put into a crusher.

In the procedure using only the horizontal crusher shown in FIG. 1, the bulky waste received by the receiving hopper 10 is crushed by the high-speed (rotary) crusher 12, and irons are removed by the magnetic separator 20. After that, for example, trommel sorting Incombustibles such as sand and soil are removed by a grain size sorter 22 such as a machine, and aluminum is sorted out by an aluminum sorter 24, and then sent to an incinerator pit 30. Alternatively, like the procedure using a twin-screw crusher and a vertical crusher shown in FIG. is also being established.

JP-A-7-284686

However, according to the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1, since the crushing process and the sorting process are simple, there is a problem that sorting accuracy is low and the waste cannot be completely sorted. In addition, because bulky waste is sent to the next process without being completely sorted, the capacity of the equipment installed in each process cannot be fully demonstrated, and it is easy to put a burden on it. .

Furthermore, conventionally, the entire amount was put into a crusher, so bulky garbage containing combustible items such as sofas and chairs is finely crushed together with hard metals by a horizontal or vertical high-speed crusher 12 or 16, for example. , the combustibles to be incinerated do not need to be pulverized into small pieces, so the power consumed for this purpose is wasted. In addition, combustible materials also cause accelerated wear of the blades of the rotary crushers (12, 16). Furthermore, incombustibles and oversized garbage often contain cassette cylinders and lithium-ion batteries. There is a problem that it is easy to cause fires.

On the other hand, high-speed rotary crushers (12, 16) for crushing hard incombustibles have difficulty crushing soft combustibles such as futons and carpets. A low-speed (shear type) crusher 14 must be installed separately.

Furthermore, in recent years, due to the enactment of the Recycling Law, air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines, televisions, and other large items of garbage are no longer included in bulky items, making them easier to shred.

The present invention has been devised to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and it is possible to properly separate oversized garbage containing metals, reduce the burden of disposing of oversized garbage, and safely dispose of it. An object of the present invention is to provide a segregation processing method and apparatus.

The present invention is a garbage sorting method for separating bulky combustible garbage containing metal, comprising: a first crushing step of roughly crushing the bulky garbage stored in a bulky garbage pit; A first iron collection step of magnetically sorting the crushed bulky waste to collect irons, and a first collection of aluminums from the bulky waste excluding irons collected in the first irons collection step. an aluminum recovery step; a second crushing step of finely crushing bulky waste containing the irons recovered in the first irons recovery step and the aluminums recovered in the first aluminum recovery step; A second iron recovery step of magnetically sorting bulky waste containing iron and aluminum finely crushed in the second crushing step and recovering iron, and recovered in the second iron recovery step A second aluminum recovery step of recovering aluminum from bulky garbage excluding irons, and conveying the bulky garbage from which aluminum has been removed, which is recovered in the first and second aluminum recovery steps, to an incinerator. The above problem is solved by a garbage sorting method characterized by including a step of transporting bulky garbage to be incinerated.

Here, the step of adding incombustible waste can be further included before the second crushing step.

Further, a particle size sorting process for removing fine earth and sand as impurities can be provided on the exit side of the second irons recovery process.

In addition, at least one of the exit side of the second iron recovery process and the exit side of the second aluminum recovery process is provided with a combustible material for removing combustible materials adhering to the recovered irons and aluminums. A removal step can be provided.

Also, the first and second aluminum recovery steps can be omitted.

Further, the crusher used in the first crushing step can be a low-speed twin-shaft shear crusher, and the crusher used in the second crushing step can be a high-speed rotary crusher.

The present invention also provides a garbage sorting apparatus for separating combustible bulky garbage containing metal, comprising: a first crusher for roughly crushing the bulky garbage stored in the bulky garbage pit; and the first crusher. A first magnetic sorter that magnetically sorts the roughly crushed bulky waste to recover irons, and a first magnetic sorter that collects aluminum from the bulky waste excluding irons collected by the first magnetic sorter. An aluminum sorter, a second crusher that finely crushes bulky waste containing irons collected by the first magnetic separator and aluminum collected by the first aluminum sorter, and the second A second magnetic separator that collects iron by magnetically sorting oversized garbage containing iron and aluminum finely crushed by the crusher, and aluminum excluding iron that is collected by the second magnetic separator A second aluminum sorter that recovers aluminum from bulky garbage containing aluminum, and an incinerated bulky garbage that transports the bulky garbage collected by the first and second aluminum sorters, from which the aluminum has been removed, to an incinerator. and a conveying means.

Here, in the second crusher, in addition to bulky garbage containing irons collected by the first magnetic separator and aluminum collected by the first aluminum separator, non-burnable garbage is also finely crushed. can be made to

Further, a particle size sorter for removing fine earth and sand as impurities can be provided on the exit side of the second magnetic force sorter.

Also, at least one of the exit side of the second magnetic separator and the exit side of the second aluminum separator is equipped with a wind separator for removing combustibles adhering to the collected irons and aluminums. can be provided.

Also, the first and second aluminum sorters can be omitted.

Also, the first crusher can be a twin-shaft shearing low-speed crusher, and the second crusher can be a high-speed rotary crusher.

Advantageous Effects of Invention According to the present invention, it is possible to properly separate bulky waste containing metal, reduce the burden of processing the bulky waste, and safely dispose of the bulky waste.

Flowchart showing a procedure of an example of conventional garbage separation processing Flowchart showing the steps of another example 1 is a flowchart showing processing procedures in the first embodiment of the present invention; A diagram showing a specific configuration example of the first embodiment. Flowchart showing a processing procedure in the second embodiment of the present invention Flowchart showing the processing procedure of the third embodiment of the present invention FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a comparison of power consumption between a conventional example and the first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a comparison of mass balance between a conventional example and the first to third embodiments of the present invention;

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, the present invention is not limited by the contents described in the following embodiments. In addition, the configuration requirements in the embodiments described below include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art, those that are substantially the same, and those within the so-called equivalent range. Furthermore, the constituent elements disclosed in the embodiments described below may be combined as appropriate, or may be selected and used as appropriate.

In the first embodiment of the present invention, in which total crushing by a twin-screw crusher and metal crushing by a rigid crusher are combined, as schematically shown in FIG. It is sent to a first crusher (called a primary crusher) (for example, a twin-screw low-speed crusher) 32 and roughly crushed. The bulky waste roughly crushed by the primary crusher 32 is sorted and recovered for irons by the first magnetic separator 34, and then sorted for aluminums by the first aluminum sorter 36 and recovered. Bulky waste including irons and aluminums sorted by the first magnetic sorter 34 and the first aluminum sorter 36 and non-burnable trash added on the way is sent to the second crusher (referred to as a secondary crusher). ) (for example, a vertical high-speed crusher) 38 to crush finely. In the bulky waste finely crushed by the secondary crusher 38, irons are sorted and collected by the second magnetic force sorter 40, and then aluminum is sorted and recovered by the second aluminum sorter 42. - 特許庁Air force sorters 44 and 46 are provided on the output side of the second magnetic force sorter 40 and the second aluminum sorter 42, respectively, and the irons collected by the second magnetic force sorter 40 are attached. The combustibles attached to the aluminum collected by the second aluminum sorter 42 and the combustibles adhering to the aluminum are removed.

The combustibles exiting the first and second aluminum separators 36,42 and the wind separators 44,46 are sent to the incinerator pit 30.

One or both of the wind sorters 44 and 46 can be omitted.

For the primary crusher 32, for example, a twin-screw low-speed shear crusher can be used. This primary crusher 32 roughly crushes the collected combustible bulky garbage and non-combustible bulky garbage to, for example, 400 mm or less (85% or more in weight ratio). Roughly crushed oversized garbage is sent to the first magnetic sorter 34 via a conveyor, where aluminum and combustibles are removed and irons (including irons with combustibles attached or entangled) are removed. to recover. The aluminums and combustibles not collected by the first magnetic separator 34 are sent to the first aluminum separator 36 to collect the aluminums (including aluminums to which combustibles adhere or are entangled). .

Combustibles sorted out by the first magnetic separator 34 and the first aluminum sorter 36 are transported to the incinerator pit 30 through a combustible transport conveyor 130 (see FIG. 4), which will be described later.

On the other hand, the irons collected by the first magnetic sorter 34 and the aluminums collected by the first aluminum sorter 36 are put into a non-burnable garbage input conveyor 140 (see FIG. 4) described later, and the non-burnable garbage It is sent to the secondary crusher 38 together with. The amount of collected material sent to the secondary crusher 38 is about half of the amount of material input to the receiving hopper 10, and is mainly incombustible material. It saves energy because it requires only a small amount of power.

For the secondary crusher 38, for example, a vertical high-speed rotary crusher is employed, and crushes finely to, for example, 150 mm or less (85% or more by weight).

Since the secondary crusher 38 crushes bulky wastes into finer pieces, irons and aluminums entangled with combustibles are also separately separated. Therefore, the recovery rate of irons and aluminums in the second magnetic separator 40 and the second aluminum separator 42 to be installed later is improved.

The wear of the blades of the secondary crusher 38 can also be extended by halving the amount of combustible material that accelerates the wear of the blades.

In addition, since the amount of combustibles that cause ignition is small, even if the secondary crusher 38 explodes or ignites due to a cassette cylinder or a lithium ion battery, the spread of fire can be prevented.

Since the combustibles are sent to the incinerator pit 30 by the combustibles transport conveyor 130 without passing through the second magnetic sorter 40 and the second aluminum sorter 42, the second magnetic sorter 40 and the second aluminum The size of the sorting machine 42 can also be reduced, and energy can be saved.

FIG. 4 shows a specific configuration example of the first embodiment. For example, oversized refuse 60 that has been thrown into the oversized refuse pit 110 by the throw-in door 104 from the refuse truck 102 on the platform 100 and stored is thrown into the receiving hopper 10 by the crane 112 . Additionally, some bulky waste is dumped directly from the waste truck 106 into the receiving hopper 10 .

The bulky waste thrown into the receiving hopper 10 is then conveyed to the primary crusher 32 via the feeding conveyor 116, where it is roughly crushed to, for example, 400 mm or less (85% or more by weight).

The primary crusher 32 can employ a twin-shaft shear crusher. The blade width is about 100 mm. The twin-shaft shear crusher also serves as a degassing device when the cassette cylinder is loaded.

The bulky waste roughly crushed to 400 mm or less (85% or more in weight ratio) by the primary crusher 32 is conveyed to the first magnetic sorter 34 by the crushed object supply conveyor 120 . The first magnetic sorter 34 includes an entrance magnetic sorter 34A that directly sends the sorted irons to the input conveyor 140 of the secondary crusher 38, and an iron It can be composed of a delivery side magnetic force sorter 34B that sorts the same again and sends it to the first aluminum sorter 36. In addition, the entrance side magnetic force sorter 34A and the exit side magnetic force sorter 34B can be put together as the first magnetic force sorter 34. FIG. In the figure, 122 is a dust discharge conveyor.

In the first magnetic separator 34, ferrous materials are recovered. In addition, in the present invention, a second magnetic separator 40 is further installed on the downstream side to increase the purity of the collected irons. In addition, if there is a large piece of iron, the aluminum sorter is composed of magnets, so the iron sticks to it and may damage the aluminum sorter. desirable.

After that, the bulky waste from which irons have been recovered is sent to a first aluminum sorter 36 to recover aluminums. Bulky waste that is not collected by the first magnetic sorter 34 and the first aluminum sorter 36 is mostly combustible waste, so it is sent to the incinerator pit 30 via the combustible transport conveyor 130 . In the figure, 31 is a deodorizing damper.

The iron and aluminum collected by the first magnetic sorter 34 and the first aluminum sorter 36 are sent to the secondary crusher 38 by the non-burnable refuse input conveyor 140 together with the non-burnable refuse input from the non-burnable refuse receiving hopper 304. , for example, finely crushed to 150 mm or less (85% or more in weight ratio). The secondary crusher 38 is a vertical high-speed rotary crusher, preferably of grinder type.

Iron and aluminum thrown into the secondary crusher 38 by the incombustible garbage feeding conveyor 140 are sometimes mixed with combustibles. and break combustibles apart. This is because the secondary crusher 38 is, for example, an impact-type crusher, and is easy to separate at the interface of different materials.

In this way, the irons and aluminums collected by the first magnetic separator 34 and the first aluminum separator 36, which were entangled with combustibles, pass through the secondary crusher 38. Then, the tangled irons/aluminums and combustibles are separated, and the irons/aluminums collected by the second magnetic separator 40 and the second aluminum separator 42 provided downstream of them are separated. higher purity.

The bulky waste finely crushed to 150 mm or less (85% or more in weight ratio) by the secondary crusher 38 is conveyed to the second magnetic sorter 40 by the crushed object conveying conveyors 150 and 152, where mainly the non-burnable waste Collect iron. In the figure, 154 is a dust discharge conveyor.

In order to further improve the purity of the irons collected by the second magnetic separator 40, the irons are conveyed to the first wind separator 44 by the irons conveying conveyor 160, where the paper etc. adhering to the irons is removed. Remove light combustibles. The ferrous materials from which the light combustibles have been removed are conveyed to the ferrous yard 164 by the ferrous conveying conveyor 162 and collected.

Also, bulky refuse from which ferrous materials have been removed by the second magnetic force sorter 40 is sent to a second aluminum sorter 42 to recover aluminums. In order to further increase the purity of the aluminum collected by the second aluminum sorter 42, a second wind separator 46 removes light combustibles such as paper adhering to the aluminum. Aluminum from which light combustibles have been removed is transported to an aluminum yard 172 by an aluminum transport conveyor 170 and recovered.

Bulky waste from which irons and aluminum are removed by the second magnetic sorter 40 and the second aluminum sorter 42 is sent to the incinerator pit 30 by the combustibles transport conveyor 180 and the combustibles transport conveyor 130 and incinerated. .

In FIG. 4, the solid line arrow X indicates the flow of irons, the broken line arrow Y indicates the flow of aluminum, and the dashed line Z indicates the flow of combustibles.

In FIG. 4, 200 is a line fan for deodorization, 300 is a garbage truck for throwing non-burnable garbage into a non-burnable garbage receiving hopper 304 via a non-burnable garbage dumping box 302, 310 is a crushed material discharge conveyor, and 312 is a dust discharge conveyor. , 330 and 332 are separators, 340 and 342 are dust collectors, 344 is a screw conveyor, 350 and 352 are deodorizers, 370 and 372 are exhaust fans, and 380 and 382 are silencers.

In the first embodiment, the conventionally provided particle size sorter was omitted, but as in the second embodiment shown in FIG. 5, for example, the second magnetic force sorter 40 and the second aluminum sorter A particle size sorter 48 such as a trommel is installed between the machines 42 to remove fine earth and sand, and the waste sorted on the sieve is sent to the second aluminum sorter 42 to recover aluminum. It is also possible to

Alternatively, when combustibles are incinerated in a gasification furnace other than a stoker furnace, and there is no problem even if aluminum is mixed in with combustibles, as in the third embodiment shown in FIG. It is also possible to omit the first and second aluminum sorters 36,42.

Next, FIG. 7 shows a comparison of power consumption in each crusher. It is clear that power consumption is significantly reduced in the flow according to the present invention shown in FIG. 3 compared to the conventional flow shown in FIGS.

Also, the material balance is shown in FIG. It is clear that the amount of incombustibles other than irons and aluminums is drastically reduced in all of the first, second, and third embodiments of the present invention as compared with the prior art.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, combustible bulky waste, non-combustible waste, and bulky waste, which have been separately processed in the past, can be processed with the same equipment, and combustibles are roughly crushed with a low-speed crusher. Since it sorts by itself, it does not require unnecessary power. In addition, even if there is an explosion or ignition from a cassette cylinder or lithium battery in a high-speed crusher, there are few combustibles, so it has excellent effects such as difficulty in spreading fire.

In the embodiment of the present invention, a twin-screw (shearing type) low-speed crusher is provided as the primary crusher 32, and a vertical high-speed (rotary) crusher is provided as the secondary crusher 38. , The types and combinations of crushers are not limited to these.

10... Receiving hopper 30... Incinerator pit 32... First crusher (primary crusher) (biaxial low-speed crusher)
34, 34A, 34B... First magnetic sorter 36... First aluminum sorter 38... Second crusher (secondary crusher) (vertical high-speed crusher)
40... Second magnetic sorter 42... Second aluminum sorter 44, 46... Wind sorter 48... Particle size sorter 60... Bulky waste

Claims (12)

A garbage sorting method for separating combustible bulky garbage containing metal,
a first crushing step of roughly crushing the bulky waste stored in the bulky waste pit;
A first ferrous recovery step of magnetically sorting the bulky waste roughly crushed in the first crushing step to recover ferrous substances;
A first aluminum recovery step of recovering aluminum from bulky waste excluding iron recovered in the first iron recovery step;
a second crushing step of finely crushing bulky waste containing the irons recovered in the first irons recovery step and the aluminums recovered in the first aluminum recovery step;
a second iron recovery step of magnetically sorting bulky refuse containing iron and aluminum finely crushed in the second crushing step to recover iron;
A second aluminum recovery step of recovering aluminum from bulky waste excluding iron recovered in the second iron recovery step;
an incineration bulky waste conveying step of conveying the bulky waste from which the aluminums collected in the first and second aluminums collecting steps have been removed to an incinerator;
A garbage sorting method, comprising: 2. The garbage sorting method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of adding non-burnable garbage before said second crushing step. 3. The garbage sorting method according to claim 1, wherein a particle size sorting step for removing fine earth and sand as impurities is provided on the exit side of the second iron recovery step. A combustibles removal step of removing combustibles adhering to the recovered irons and aluminums on at least one of the exit side of the second irons recovery step and the exit side of the second aluminums recovery step 4. The garbage sorting method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a is provided. 5. The garbage sorting method according to claim 1, wherein said first and second aluminum recovery steps are omitted. 6. The crusher used in the first crushing step is a twin-shaft shearing low-speed crusher, and the crusher used in the second crushing step is a high-speed rotary crusher. The garbage sorting method according to any one of the above. A garbage sorting device for separating combustible bulky garbage containing metal,
a first crusher for roughly crushing the bulky waste stored in the bulky waste pit;
A first magnetic sorter for magnetically sorting bulky waste roughly crushed by the first crusher to recover irons;
A first aluminum sorter for recovering aluminum from bulky waste excluding irons recovered by the first magnetic sorter;
A second crusher that finely crushes bulky waste containing irons collected by the first magnetic separator and aluminum collected by the first aluminum separator;
a second magnetic sorter for magnetically sorting bulky refuse containing irons and aluminum finely crushed by the second crusher and recovering irons;
A second aluminum sorter for recovering aluminum from bulky waste containing aluminum excluding irons recovered by the second magnetic sorter;
Incineration bulky waste conveying means for conveying bulky waste from which aluminum has been removed, collected by the first and second aluminum sorters, to an incinerator;
A garbage sorting device, comprising: In the second crusher, in addition to bulky waste containing irons collected by the first magnetic separator and aluminum collected by the first aluminum sorter, non-burnable waste is also finely crushed. 8. The garbage sorting apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the garbage is separated. 9. The garbage sorting apparatus according to claim 7, wherein a particle size sorter for removing fine earth and sand as impurities is provided on the output side of the second magnetic sorter. At least one of the exit side of the second magnetic separator and the exit side of the second aluminum separator is provided with a wind separator for removing combustibles adhering to the collected irons and aluminums. 10. The garbage sorting apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: 11. The garbage sorting apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein said first and second aluminum sorters are omitted. 12. The garbage sorting process according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the first crusher is a twin-shaft shear type low-speed crusher, and the second crusher is a high-speed rotary crusher. Device.

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