JP2022145204A - Combustible sorting and recovering device, combustible sorting and recovering method, and waste processing equipment equipped with combustible sorting and recovering device - Google Patents

Abstract

To improve sorting accuracy of non-ferrous metals by sorting and recovering with good efficiency a combustible from waste in which the combustible and an incombustible are mixed.SOLUTION: A combustible sorting and recovering device comprises: crushing means (crusher 30) which crushes waste in which a combustible 58 and incombustible are mixed; iron sorting and recovering means (magnetic force sorter 40) which sorts and recovers irons from the waste crushed by the crushing means (crusher 30); particle size sorting means (trommel 50) which sorts the waste excluding the irons, which have been sorted and recovered by the iron sorting and recovering means (magnetic force sorter 40), by each particle size; and combustible recovering means (suction nozzle 60) which recovers the combustible 58 from the waste sorted by the particle size sorting means (trommel 50).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a combustibles sorting and recovering device, a combustibles sorting and recovering method, and a waste disposal facility equipped with a combustibles sorting and recovering device. , a combustibles sorting and recovering device, a combustibles sorting and recovering method, and a waste treatment facility equipped with a combustibles sorting and recovering device, capable of increasing the recovery rate of non-ferrous metals by efficiently recovering them.

Conventionally, in addition to bottles (soft drinks, energy drinks, seaweed tsukudani, etc.), ceramics (tea bowls, etc.), incombustible items such as frying pans are rarely mixed in, and the above bottles and ceramics A variety of devices have been proposed for sorting waste from various types of waste containing combustible materials, such as garbage bags (plastic bags), for the purpose of reusing them as resources or reducing their volume. ing.

The process of sorting waste includes the crushing process of crushing bagged waste, the magnetic sorting process of sorting ferrous materials with a magnetic sorter (also called a magnetic sorter), and the crushed waste after sorting in the magnetic sorting process. is sent to a particle size sorter such as a rotating sieve (trommel) or vibrating screen, and the sieving process uses wind power to separate plastics from heavy combustibles. I put my ingenuity into

For example, in Patent Document 1, pulverized mixed bulky waste is separated into magnetic substances and impurities by a magnetic separator, and the magnetic substances and the incombustible substances mixed in part with the magnetic substances are supplied to a vibration feeder combined with wind power, and the magnetic Light combustible substances in impurities caught in objects are collected by suction with a collector, magnetic substances from which the light combustible substances are removed are magnetically collected by a rotating drum type secondary magnetic separator, and relatively heavy impurities are collected. Combustibles are collected from gaps, and mixed bulky waste sorting process is possible to raise the purity of combustibles and magnetics by feeding them to a rotating sieve type sorter and sieving them into incombustibles and combustibles. Techniques related to devices are disclosed.

In Patent Document 2, an air blowing pipe equipped with a large number of nozzles for blowing off light plastics and an air blowing pipe equipped with a large number of nozzles for blowing off light plastics are installed in a cylindrical sieve body for sorting incombustibles. A technology related to a particle size/air force combined sorting device capable of sorting into three types of garbage, ie, incombustibles, light plastics, and other garbage, by providing a discharge conveyor is disclosed.

In Patent Document 3, crushed garbage is dried, ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals are separated and removed from the dried garbage, and incombustibles including glass powder are separated and removed by sieving and wind force, and the remaining residue is removed. A technique related to a solid fuel production method capable of producing solid fuel by molding and solidifying combustible materials has been disclosed.

In Patent Document 4, sand and crushed stones are first extracted from mixed incombustibles, which are construction wastes, from which metals have been removed by a magnetic separator, using a noncombustible material separator, so that high-quality sand and crushed stones can be recycled. A technology related to a waste sorting treatment facility is disclosed.

JP-A-10-099783 JP-A-10-216637 JP-A-2000-129274 JP 2003-275687 A

By the way, in the case of conventional technologies such as Patent Documents 1 to 4, the waste sent to the nonferrous metal sorting machine contains a large amount of bulky combustibles such as garbage bags, so from among them In order to recover non-ferrous metals efficiently, it was necessary to increase the size of the non-ferrous metals sorter. In addition, the non-ferrous metal sorting machine generates eddy currents in non-ferrous metals and separates non-ferrous metals by the repulsion of the magnetic force of non-ferrous metals and eddy currents. Combustibles are also accompanied, and there is a problem that the recovery purity of non-ferrous metals is lowered.

In order to increase the recovery purity of ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals, a zigzag wind sorter for removing entrained combustibles may be installed after each magnetic separator or non-ferrous metal sorter. However, the zigzag wind sorter, which is installed to increase the recovery purity, requires a large amount of air in order to make the air flow uniform, and consumes a large amount of power. In addition, when the waste passes through the wind sorter, the wind speed changes due to the resistance of the waste, which lowers the accuracy of sorting combustibles and non-combustibles. For this reason, it is possible to supplementally install a forced-in air blower to blow dust toward the suction port, but if the air blower is even slightly away from the air blower, the flow of the air by the blower will almost disappear, so the effect is small. In addition, there are problems such as the need for power for the auxiliary blower.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and it is possible to improve the accuracy of sorting non-ferrous metals by sorting combustibles from waste containing a mixture of combustibles and non-combustibles and recovering them efficiently. An object of the present invention is to provide a combustibles sorting and recovering device, a combustibles sorting and recovering method, and a waste disposal facility equipped with the combustibles sorting and recovering device.

The present invention comprises crushing means for crushing waste containing a mixture of combustibles and non-combustibles, irons sorting and recovering means for sorting and recovering irons from the waste crushed by the crushing means, and the irons sorting. Grain size sorting means for sorting the waste excluding the irons sorted and recovered by the recovering means for each particle size; The problem is solved by a combustibles sorting and collecting device characterized by comprising a collecting means.

Here, the particle size sorting means comprises a first sorting means for sorting fine incombustibles, and a second sorting means for sorting into combustibles containing non-ferrous metals larger than the fine incombustibles. can be done.

Further, the combustible material collecting means may be a suction nozzle for sucking the combustible material in a vacuum.

Moreover, it is possible to further include separation means for separating the combustibles collected by the combustibles collection means into air and combustibles.

Also, the separating means can be of a rotary type.

The present invention also comprises a crushing step of crushing waste in which combustibles and non-combustibles are mixed, a ferrous sorting and recovering step of sorting and recovering irons from the waste crushed by the crushing step, and the iron A particle size sorting step of sorting the waste excluding the irons sorted and collected by the class sorting and recovering step by particle size, and recovering the combustible material from the waste sorted by the particle size sorting step. The combustibles recovery step is provided to solve the above-mentioned problems as well.

The present invention also comprises the combustibles sorting and recovering device, and nonferrous metals sorting and recovering means for sorting and recovering nonferrous metals from the waste from which the combustibles have been recovered by the combustibles sorting and recovering device. The above problems are solved by a waste disposal facility characterized by:

According to the present invention, it is possible to efficiently collect large combustibles such as garbage bags by using combustibles collecting means such as a suction nozzle before transporting combustibles and nonferrous metals to the nonferrous metals sorter. , aluminum (hereinafter also simply referred to as aluminum) and other non-ferrous metals can be recovered with higher purity. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the power consumption by reducing the air volume, and to reduce the size of the non-ferrous metals sorter.

Schematic diagram showing the main configuration of an embodiment of the present invention. A diagram showing the overall configuration of a waste treatment facility employing the present invention Sectional drawing which shows the trommel of the said embodiment Sectional view similarly showing the arrangement of the suction nozzles in the trommel Figure showing the shape of the suction nozzle Similarly, (A) a diagram showing a comparison of the action when sucking up in the trommel and (B) when sucking up from the conveyor Sectional view showing the configuration of the same separator Perspective view similarly showing the action of the rotary separator Cross-sectional view showing an example of a zigzag wind sorter

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, the present invention is not limited by the contents described in the following embodiments. In addition, the configuration requirements in the embodiments described below include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art, those that are substantially the same, and those within the so-called equivalent range. Furthermore, the constituent elements disclosed in the embodiments described below may be combined as appropriate, or may be selected and used as appropriate.

FIG. 1 shows the essential configuration of an embodiment of a combustibles sorting and collecting apparatus according to the present invention.

The collected waste, which is garbage, is crushed to, for example, 100 mm or less by a crusher (crushing means) 30 configured by, for example, a biaxial shearing type rotary crusher. Although the bag may not be completely crushed, the garbage inside the bag is separated because the bag is broken.

The waste crushed by the crusher 30 is sent to, for example, a magnetic sorter (magnetic sorting means) 40 for non-combustible treatment facilities, where ferrous materials are sorted and recovered. In some cases, a zigzag-type air force sorter 42 for removing entrained combustibles, for example, may be installed after the magnetic force sorter 40 in order to increase the recovery purity of iron.

The waste from which irons have been removed by the magnetic force sorter 40 is sent to a particle size sorter (particle size sorting means) 50, which is, for example, a rotating sieve type trommel, where fine sieve meshes 52A for sieving (Fig. 3 See), a cylindrical rotating first-stage sieve (if the garbage is glass or ceramics, for example, a screen with a sieve mesh size of 20 mm) (first screening means, also referred to as the first-stage screen) 52 to remove glass pieces and Fine incombustibles such as sand are screened, and then a cylindrical rotating second-stage sieve (for example, a screen with a mesh size of 55 mm) having coarser meshes 54A (see FIG. 3) than the first-stage sieve 52 (second Sorting means (also referred to as a second stage screen) 54 sorts garbage larger than fine incombustibles. It is conveyed on the screen 54 .

The combustibles containing non-ferrous metals sorted by the particle size sorter 50 are sucked in a vacuum by a suction nozzle (combustibles recovery means) 60 installed on the second stage screen 54 in the particle size sorter 50, for example, and are separated into paper and the like. A film-shaped plastic or the like is vacuum-sucked. At this time, the particle size sorter 50 sorts the waste according to size, so that non-combustible matter such as light sand can be prevented from being sucked by the suction nozzle 60 .

At the exit side of the suction nozzle 60, a rotary separator 62, for example, is provided for separating the combustibles collected by the suction nozzle 60 into air and combustibles. The combustibles sucked by the suction nozzle 60 are collected by the separator 62 without clogging.

Combustibles containing non-ferrous metals that are not sucked by the suction nozzle 60 are sent to a non-ferrous metal sorter (also called an aluminum sorter) 80, and if necessary, the non-ferrous metals are recovered through a wind sorter 81. be done.

In this way, the amount of combustible waste conveyed to the non-ferrous metal sorting machine 80 is reduced, so the non-ferrous metal sorting machine 80 can be downsized.

FIG. 2 shows an example of the overall configuration of a waste treatment facility employing the combustibles sorting and collecting device.

Incombustible materials such as glass and ceramics are transported to an incombustible material yard 10 by a truck 12. - 特許庁The incombustibles transported to the incombustibles yard 10 are put into the incombustibles supply conveyor 18 via the incombustibles receiving hopper 16 by the forklift 14, for example. In the figure, reference numeral 20 denotes surveillance television cameras (ITV) placed at various locations, and 22 denotes water spray nozzles for preventing fires.

The non-combustibles conveyed by the non-combustibles supply conveyor 18 are put into, for example, a rotary crusher 30 from above. The incombustibles crushed in the crusher 30 are transported by the crusher transport conveyor 32 to a magnetic separator 40 for a noncombustible treatment facility. The magnetic substances sorted out by this magnetic separator 40 are transported to a magnetic substance storage container 44 .

On the other hand, the waste from which magnetic substances have been removed by the magnetic separator 40 is put into the trommel 50 . Fine incombustibles such as sand screened by the first stage screen 52 in the trommel 50 are conveyed to the noncombustibles storage container 94 by the noncombustibles transport conveyor 92 .

On the other hand, the waste that has passed through the first stage screen 52 is sent to the second stage screen 54 . A suction nozzle 60 as shown in FIG. 3 is provided directly above the second stage screen 54. Light and large dust such as paper and film-like plastics sucked by this suction nozzle 60 passes through a suction pipe 61. It is then sent to a separator 62 where it is separated into air for suction and combustibles, and the combustibles are sent to a combustible storage container 64 . In FIG. 3, 56 is a drive motor for rotating the cylindrical screens 52 and 54 within the trommel 50. As shown in FIG.

The mesh size of the first stage screen 52 of the trommel 50 is, for example, 20 mm in diameter, and the mesh size of the second stage screen 54 is, for example, 55 mm in diameter. The mesh size of the screens 52 and 54 of the trommel 50 is not limited to 20 mm and 55 mm, and can be changed according to the type of waste.

In the trommel 50, the distance of the suction nozzle 60 inserted from the bottom of the trommel, that is, the surface of the second stage screen 54 can be changed to L1 or L2 depending on the target combustibles, as shown in FIG. It is

Also, the cross-sectional shape of the suction nozzle 60 can be, for example, circular as shown in FIG. 5(A), or rectangular or square as shown in FIG. 5(B).

In the present embodiment, the suction nozzle 60 is installed in the trommel 50 and is sucked up from the second stage screen 54 of the trommel 50. Therefore, as shown in FIG. It can be easily sucked up by putting it on. When the cross-sectional shape of the suction nozzle 60 is circular with a diameter of 200 mm, the distance L to the combustible material 58 is about 200 mm, and the wind speed at the suction nozzle 60 is 20 m/s, the wind speed of the combustible material 58 is about 2 m/s. All combustible materials 58 were recovered. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6B, for example, when the combustible material 58 is sucked up from the flat conveyor 57, it is sucked up from the second stage screen 54 of the trommel 50 by the air flow around the conveyor 57. It cannot be sucked up as efficiently.

Paper and garbage bags sucked by the suction nozzle 60 are sent to a separator 62, where they are separated into sucked air and combustibles.

As shown in detail in FIG. 7, the separator 62 mainly includes a cylindrical cage filter 62B inserted into a main body casing 62A, a discharge rotor 62C, and a drive motor 62D. Thus, it is possible to efficiently separate large wastes such as film-like plastics and cloth from exhaust gas containing fine particles and air. Some separators 62 use a spiral cyclone, but since the combustible dust to be sucked is light and large, clogging may occur inside the cyclone separator. Therefore, rotary separators are desirable.

The waste containing non-ferrous metals sieved by the second stage screen 54 of the trommel 50 is sent to a non-ferrous metals (here, aluminum) sorter 80 to separate aluminum from other materials. The aluminum is transported to a crushed aluminum storage container 84 via an aluminum transport conveyor 82 and collected.

On the other hand, the incombustibles not collected by the aluminum sorter 80 are sent to the incombustibles transport conveyor 90, and together with the incombustibles that have passed through the first stage screen 52 of the trommel 50, the incombustibles transport conveyor 92 transports the incombustibles to the incombustible storage container 94. Sent.

A suction nozzle 91 is arranged directly above the incombustible material conveying conveyor 90 , and the combustible material sucked by the suction nozzle 91 passes through the suction pipe 61 together with the combustible material sucked by the suction nozzle 60 in the trommel 50 . to the separator 62.

In the figure, 100 is a bag filter, and 102 is a conveyor below the bag filter.

As shown in FIG. 6A, the dust in the trommel 50 is conveyed almost on the bottom surface of the second stage screen 54, so the location to be suctioned by the suction nozzle 60 can be specified. In addition, since the air flow from the second stage screen 54 is generated on the lower surface of the garbage, the amount of air for sorting can be reduced. Conventionally, for example, a rigid zigzag wind sorter as shown in FIG. 9 required a square cross section with a side of 200 mm. can. As a result, it was possible to reduce the amount of suction air and reduce power consumption by about 20% or more.

By sucking and collecting combustible materials such as paper and film-like plastics with the suction nozzle 60 as described above, the amount of combustible waste transported to the non-ferrous metal sorting machine 80 is reduced, so the non-ferrous metal sorting machine 80 can be used. The size could be reduced by about half, and the power consumption could be reduced by about 50%. On the other hand, conventionally, solid materials could be crushed to 100 mm or less, but all film-like combustibles could not be crushed to 100 mm or less. It was a metal sorter.

In this embodiment, a recovery rate of combustibles of 91.4% and a recovery purity of non-ferrous metals (aluminum) of 79.3% could be achieved.

Note that the configuration of the waste treatment facility is not limited to that shown in FIG. The particle size sorter is not limited to the trommel 50 using a rotary sieve, and may use, for example, a vibrating screen. The non-ferrous metal sorter is not limited to the aluminum sorter 80 either.

10... Incombustible material yard 30... Crusher 40... Magnetic sorter 44... Magnetic material storage container 50... Trommel (particle size sorter)
52, 54... Sieves for sizing (screens)
58 Combustible material 60 Suction nozzle 62 Separator 64 Combustible storage container 80 Aluminum sorter (non-ferrous metal sorter)
84... Crushed aluminum storage container 94... Incombustible material storage container 100... Bag filter

Claims (7)

Crushing means for crushing waste in which combustible materials and non-combustible materials are mixed;
iron sorting and recovery means for sorting and recovering iron from the waste crushed by the crushing means;
a particle size sorting means for sorting the waste excluding the irons sorted and recovered by the ferrous sorting and recovering means for each particle size;
Combustible material recovery means for recovering the combustible material from the waste sorted by the particle size sorting means;
A combustibles sorting and collecting device comprising: The particle size sorting means comprises a first sorting means for sorting fine incombustibles, and a second sorting means for sorting into combustibles containing non-ferrous metals larger than the fine incombustibles. The combustibles sorting and collecting device according to claim 1. 3. The combustibles sorting and collecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said combustibles collecting means is a suction nozzle for sucking said combustibles in a vacuum. 4. The combustibles sorting and collecting apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising separation means for separating the combustibles collected by the combustibles collecting means into air and combustibles. 5. The combustibles sorting and collecting apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the separating means is of a rotary type. a crushing process for crushing waste in which combustibles and non-combustibles are mixed;
An iron sorting and recovery step of sorting and recovering iron from the waste crushed by the crushing step;
A particle size sorting step of sorting the waste excluding the irons sorted and recovered by the ferrous sorting and recovering step by particle size;
A combustibles recovery step of recovering the combustibles from the waste sorted by the particle size sorting step;
A method for sorting and collecting combustibles, comprising: The combustibles sorting and collecting device according to any one of claims 1 to 5;
and nonferrous metal sorting and recovering means for sorting and recovering nonferrous metals from the waste from which combustibles have been recovered by the combustible sorting and recovering apparatus.

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