JP7136086B2 - 繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂成形品および繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂成形材料 - Google Patents
繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂成形品および繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂成形材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7136086B2 JP7136086B2 JP2019512331A JP2019512331A JP7136086B2 JP 7136086 B2 JP7136086 B2 JP 7136086B2 JP 2019512331 A JP2019512331 A JP 2019512331A JP 2019512331 A JP2019512331 A JP 2019512331A JP 7136086 B2 JP7136086 B2 JP 7136086B2
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- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
(1)熱可塑性樹脂[A]、炭素繊維[B]およびポリロタキサン[C]を含む成形品であって、熱可塑性樹脂[A]、炭素繊維[B]およびポリロタキサン[C]の合計含有量100重量部に対し、熱可塑性樹脂[A]を40~98重量部、炭素繊維[B]を1~40重量部、ポリロタキサン[C]を1~20重量部含み、ポリロタキサン[C]は、環状分子が、反応性官能基を末端に有するグラフト鎖により修飾されており、成形品中に含まれる、前記炭素繊維[B]の重量平均繊維長[Lw]が0.5~20mmの範囲であり、かつ、前記炭素繊維[B]の含有量に対する、ポリロタキサン[C]の含有量の割合([C]/[B])が、0.04以上、0.5以下である、繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂成形品。
(2)熱可塑性樹脂[A]、炭素繊維[B]およびポリロタキサン[C]を含む成形材料であって、熱可塑性樹脂[A]、炭素繊維[B]およびポリロタキサン[C]の合計含有量100重量部に対し、熱可塑性樹脂[A]を40~98重量部、炭素繊維[B]を1~40重量部、ポリロタキサン[C]を1~20重量部を含み、前記、炭素繊維[B]の含有量に対する、ポリロタキサン[C]の含有量の割合([C]/[B])が、0.04以上、0.5以下であり、ポリロタキサン[C]は、環状分子が、反応性官能基を末端に有するグラフト鎖により修飾されており、かつ、炭素繊維[B]の長さと、繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂成形材料の長さが実質的に同じである、繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂成形材料。
重量平均繊維長=Σ(Mi2×Ni)/Σ(Mi×Ni)
Mi:繊維長(mm)
Ni:繊維長Miの炭素繊維の個数 。
ηsp/c=[η]+0.45×[η]2c(但し[η]は極限粘度)
[η]=1.23×10-4M0.83
c=0.7 。
(溶融粘度変化率[%])={|(200℃にて2時間加熱後の200℃における溶融粘度-200℃にて2時間加熱前の200℃における溶融粘度)|/(200℃にて2時間加熱前の200℃における溶融粘度)}×100。
各実施例および比較例により得られた80mm×10mm×4mm厚の試験片に、ISO 2818(1994)に準拠して、ノッチ角度45°、深さ2mmのノッチ加工を施した。ノッチ加工を施した試験片について、ISO179-1(2010)に準拠し、1.0Jのハンマーを用いて、ノッチ付きシャルピー衝撃試験を行った。この試験によって破壊された試験片を、200~300℃に設定したホットステージの上にガラス板間に挟んだ状態で加熱し、フィルム状にした。このようにして得られた炭素繊維[B]が均一分散したフィルムを、光学顕微鏡(50~200倍)にて観察し、無作為に選んだ1000本の炭素繊維[B]の繊維長を計測した。各実施例においてはいずれも共通の炭素繊維を使用したため、炭素繊維の密度および径は同一であることから、下記式から重量平均繊維長(LW)を算出した。
重量平均繊維長=Σ(Mi2×Ni)/Σ(Mi×Ni)
Mi:繊維長(mm)
Ni:繊維長Miの繊維の個数 。
各実施例および比較例により得られた、80mm×80mm×3mm厚の試験片表裏それぞれの面に存在する未分散炭素繊維束の個数を目視でカウントした。1mm角を超える繊維束を未分散炭素繊維束とした。評価は50枚の試験片について行い、以下の基準に基づき、その合計個数について繊維分散性の判定を以下の基準で行い、AおよびBを合格とした。
A:未分散炭素繊維束が1個未満
B:未分散炭素繊維束が1個以上10個未満
C:未分散炭素繊維束が10個以上 。
各実施例および比較例により得られたISO型ダンベル試験片について、ISO 178(2010)に準拠し、3点曲げ試験冶具(圧子半径5mm)を用いて支点距離を64mmに設定し、試験速度2mm/分の試験条件にて曲げ強度および曲げ弾性率を測定した。試験機として、“インストロン”(登録商標)万能試験機5566型(インストロン社製)を用いた。
各実施例および比較例により得られた80mm×10mm×4mm厚の試験片に、ISO 2818(1994)に準拠して、ノッチ角度45°、深さ2mmのノッチ加工を施した。ノッチ加工を施した試験片について、ISO179-1(2010)に準拠し、1.0Jのハンマーを用いて、ノッチ付きシャルピー衝撃強度を測定した。また、シャルピー衝撃強度が70kJ/m2以上で試験片が2つに分断されないものは、ノンブレイク(NB)とした。
各実施例および比較例により得られたISO型ダンベル試験片を帯ノコで80mm×10mm×4mm厚の寸法に切断し、切断面を粗さ400番のサンドペーパーで平滑化し、体積抵抗率測定用試験片を得た。JIS K 6271(2008)に準拠し、抵抗計HIOKI3541を用いて、四端子法にて体積抵抗率(Ω・cm)を測定した。
各実施例および比較例により得られた80mm×80mm×3mmの試験片について、落錘式衝撃試験機IM10(IMATEK社製)を用いて測定を行った。錘先端丸形状のタップ(φ20mm)を使用し、錘質量15kg、落錘速度4.4m/秒、試験温度23℃の条件にて落錘衝撃試験を実施し、落錘衝撃吸収エネルギー(J)を測定した。測定は3回行い、その平均値を各実施例および比較例の落錘衝撃吸収エネルギーとして算出した。
各実施例および比較例に用いた熱可塑性樹脂[A]および樹脂[E]について、レオメーターARES(TAインスツルメント社製)を使用し、40mmのパラレルプレートを用いて、0.5Hzにて、粘弾性測定器により200℃における溶融粘度を測定した。また、樹脂[E]を200℃の熱風乾燥機に2時間静置した後、同様に200℃における溶融粘度を測定した。溶融粘度変化率は、下記式により求めた。
(溶融粘度変化率[%])={|(200℃にて2時間加熱後の200℃における溶融粘度-200℃にて2時間加熱前の200℃における溶融粘度)|/(200℃にて2時間加熱前の200℃における溶融粘度)}×100 。
ポリアクリロニトリルを主成分とする共重合体を用いて、紡糸、焼成処理および表面酸化処理の各工程を経て、総単糸数24,000本、単繊維径7μm、単位長さ当たりの質量1.6g/m、比重1.8g/cm3、表面酸素濃度比[O/C]0.12の均質な炭素繊維[B-1]を得た。この炭素繊維のストランド引張強度は4880MPa、ストランド引張弾性率は225GPaであった。
塗布温度150℃に加熱されたロール上に、各実施例および比較例に示すポリロタキサン[C]を加熱溶融した液体の被膜を形成させた。ロール上に一定した厚みの被膜を形成するため、リバースロールを用いた。このロール上に、参考例1で得られた連続した炭素繊維[B-1]束を接触させながら通過させて、炭素繊維[B-1]束にポリロタキサン[C]を付着させた。次に、ポリロタキサン[C]が付着した炭素繊維[B-1]束を、窒素雰囲気下において、含浸温度250℃に加熱されたチャンバー内にて、5組の直径50mmのロールプレス間を通過させた。この操作により、ポリロタキサン[C]を炭素繊維束の内部まで含浸させ、所定の含有量とした繊維束[G]を形成した。
塗布温度150℃に加熱されたロール上に、各実施例に示す樹脂[E]を加熱溶融した液体の被膜を形成させた。ロール上に一定した厚みの被膜を形成するため、リバースロールを用いた。このロール上に、参考例1で得られた連続した炭素繊維[B-1]束を接触させながら通過させて、炭素繊維[B-1]束に樹脂[E]を付着させた。次に、樹脂[E]が付着した炭素繊維[B-1]束を、窒素雰囲気下において、含浸温度250℃に加熱されたチャンバー内にて、5組の直径50mmのロールプレス間を通過させた。この操作により、樹脂[E]を炭素繊維束の内部まで含浸させ、所定の含有量とした繊維束[J]を形成した。
JSW製TEX-30α型2軸押出機(スクリュー直径30mm、ダイス直径5mm、バレル温度260℃、スクリュー回転数150rpm)を使用し、各実施例および比較例に示す熱可塑性樹脂[A]、ポリロタキサン[C]、リン系難燃剤[F]およびカーボンブラック[I]を、各実施例および比較例に示す組成比になるようにドライブレンドしたものをメインホッパーから供給し、下流の真空ベントより脱気を行いながら、溶融樹脂組成物をダイス口から吐出した。得られたストランドを冷却後、カッターで切断して熱可塑性樹脂組成物のペレットを得た。
[A-1]ポリカーボネート樹脂(帝人化成(株)製、「“パンライト”(登録商標)L-1225L」)を用いた。200℃における溶融粘度を上記(7)に記載の方法により測定した結果、14000Pa・sであった。
[C-1]“セルム(登録商標)”スーパーポリマーSH2400P(アドバンスト・ソフトマテリアルズ(株)製:重量平均分子量40万;環状分子はα-シクロデキストリン;直鎖状分子は重量平均分子量20,000のポリエチレングリコール;封鎖基はアダマンタン基;環状分子はポリ(ε-カプロラクトン)からなるグラフト鎖により修飾されている)
[C-2]“セルム(登録商標)”スーパーポリマーSH1300P(アドバンスト・ソフトマテリアルズ(株)製:重量平均分子量18万;環状分子はα-シクロデキストリン;直鎖状分子は重量平均分子量11,000のポリエチレングリコール;封鎖基はアダマンタン基;環状分子はポリ(ε-カプロラクトン)からなるグラフト鎖により修飾されている)。
[E-1]固体のビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(三菱化学(株)製“jER”(登録商標)1004AF、軟化点97℃)を用いた。これを含浸助剤塗布装置内のタンク内に投入し、タンク内の温度を200℃に設定し、1時間加熱して溶融状態にした。200℃における溶融粘度を上記(7)に記載の方法により測定した結果、1Pa・sであった。また、溶融粘度変化率を算出した結果、1.1%であった。
[E-2]
固体の水添テルペン樹脂(ヤスハラケミカル(株)製“クリアロン”(登録商標)P125、軟化点125℃)を用いた。これを含浸助剤塗布装置内のタンク内に投入し、タンク内の温度を200℃に設定し、1時間加熱して溶融状態にした。200℃における溶融粘度を上記(7)に記載の方法により測定した結果、1Pa・sであり、また、溶融粘度変化率を算出した結果、1.2%であった。
[F-1]大八化学工業(株)製 縮合リン酸エステル系難燃剤“PX-200”を用いた。
[I-1]カーボンブラック
三菱ケミカル(株)製 カーボンブラック“#3030B(一次粒子径55nm)”を用いた。
参考例2に従い、炭素繊維[B-1]にポリロタキサン[C-1]を含浸して得られた繊維束[G]を日本製鋼所(株)TEX-30α型2軸押出機(スクリュー直径30mm、L/D=32)の先端に設置された電線被覆法用のコーティングダイ中に通した。一方、参考例4に従って作製した、熱可塑性樹脂[A-1]を含む樹脂組成物をTEX-30α型2軸押出機のメインホッパーから供給して溶融混練し、溶融した状態で前記コーティングダイ内に吐出させ、熱可塑性樹脂[A-1]を含む樹脂組成物が繊維束[G]の周囲を被覆するように連続的に配置した。この時、溶融混練装置に取り付けた樹脂圧力計で測定した樹脂圧は1MPaであった。また、この時の熱可塑性樹脂[A]、炭素繊維[B]およびポリロタキサン[C]の合計含有量100重量部に対して、各種原料が表1記載の含有量となるように、樹脂組成物の吐出量を調整した。得られた連続状の成形材料を冷却後、カッターで切断して、長さ7mmの長繊維ペレット状の樹脂成形材料を得た。
前記成分[A]~[C]、[F]および[I]の含有量を表1に記載のように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして長繊維ペレット状の樹脂成形材料および各種成形品を作製し、評価を行った。評価結果を表1に示した。
前記成分[A]、[F]および[I]を樹脂圧1MPaで溶融混練し、溶融した状態でコーティングダイ内に吐出させ、熱可塑性樹脂[A-1]を含む樹脂組成物が繊維束[G]の周囲を被覆するように連続的に配置した以外は、実施例1と同様にして長繊維ペレット状の樹脂成形材料および各種成形品を作製し、評価を行った。評価結果を表1に示した。
参考例3に従い、炭素繊維[B-1]に樹脂[E]を含浸して得られた繊維束[J]を日本製鋼所(株)TEX-30α型2軸押出機(スクリュー直径30mm、L/D=32)の先端に設置された電線被覆法用のコーティングダイ中に通した。一方、参考例4に従って作製した、熱可塑性樹脂[A-1]およびロタキサン[C]を含む樹脂組成物をTEX-30α型2軸押出機のメインホッパーから供給して溶融混練し、溶融した状態で前記コーティングダイ内に吐出させ、熱可塑性樹脂[A-1]およびロタキサン[C]を含む樹脂組成物が繊維束[J]の周囲を被覆するように連続的に配置した。この時、溶融混練装置に取り付けた樹脂圧力計で測定した樹脂圧は1MPaであった。また、この時の熱可塑性樹脂[A]、炭素繊維[B]およびポリロタキサン[C]の合計含有量100重量部に対して、各種原料が表1記載の含有量となるように、樹脂組成物の吐出量を調整した以外は、実施例1と同様に長繊維ペレット状の樹脂成形材料および各種成形品を作製し、評価を行った。評価結果を表1に示した。
表1に記載の成分[A]、[F]および[I]を樹脂圧1MPaで溶融混練し、溶融した状態でコーティングダイ内に吐出させ、熱可塑性樹脂[A-1]およびロタキサン[C]を含む樹脂組成物が繊維束[J]の周囲を被覆するように連続的に配置した以外は、実施例6と同様にして長繊維ペレット状の樹脂成形材料および各種成形品を作製し、評価を行った。評価結果を表1に示した。
長繊維ペレットの長さを14mmに変更した以外は、実施例2と同様にして長繊維ペレット状の樹脂成形材料および各種成形品を作製し、評価を行った。評価結果を表1に示した。
前記成分[A]~[C]の含有量を表2に記載のように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして長繊維ペレット状の樹脂成形材料および各種成形品を作製し、評価を行った。評価結果を表2に示した。
上記に示した熱可塑性樹脂[A-1]、炭素繊維束[B-1]およびロタキサン[C]を日本製鋼所(株)TEX-30α型2軸押出機(スクリュー直径30mm、L/D=32)に供給し、スクリュー回転速度を200rpmで溶融混練した。ダイ先端から吐出されるストランドを冷却固化後、カッターでペレット長7mmに切断し、繊維含有溶融混練ペレットを作製した。この時、前記成分[A]~[C]の合計含有量100重量部に対し、熱可塑性樹脂[A-1]が87.5重量部、炭素繊維[B-1]が10重量部、ポリロタキサン[C]が2.5重量部となるように、調整した。
2 炭素繊維(黒い部分)
3 ポリロタキサン(白い部分)
4 繊維束
Claims (7)
- 熱可塑性樹脂[A]、炭素繊維[B]およびポリロタキサン[C]を含む成形品であって、熱可塑性樹脂[A]、炭素繊維[B]およびポリロタキサン[C]の合計含有量100重量部に対し、熱可塑性樹脂[A]を40~98重量部、炭素繊維[B]を1~40重量部、ポリロタキサン[C]を1~20重量部含み、ポリロタキサン[C]は、環状分子が、反応性官能基を末端に有するグラフト鎖により修飾されており、成形品中に含まれる、前記炭素繊維[B]の重量平均繊維長[Lw]が0.5~20mmの範囲であり、かつ、前記炭素繊維[B]の含有量に対する、ポリロタキサン[C]の含有量の割合([C]/[B])が、0.04以上、0.5以下である、繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂成形品。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂[A]が、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリオレフィン樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂およびポリアリーレンスルフィド樹脂からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の樹脂である、請求項1に記載の繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂成形品。
- 熱可塑性樹脂[A]、炭素繊維[B]およびポリロタキサン[C]を含む成形材料であって、熱可塑性樹脂[A]、炭素繊維[B]およびポリロタキサン[C]の合計含有量100重量部に対し、熱可塑性樹脂[A]を40~98重量部、炭素繊維[B]を1~40重量部、ポリロタキサン[C]を1~20重量部を含み、前記炭素繊維[B]の含有量に対する、ポリロタキサン[C]の含有量の割合([C]/[B])が、0.04以上、0.5以下であり、ポリロタキサン[C]は、環状分子が、反応性官能基を末端に有するグラフト鎖により修飾されており、かつ、炭素繊維[B]の長さと、繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂成形材料の長さが実質的に同じである、繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂成形材料。
- 前記繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂成形材料が、芯鞘構造を有してなり、
芯部は、ポリロタキサン[C]と炭素繊維[B]を含み、
かつ前記芯部は、前記ロタキサン[C]に炭素繊維[B]の各単繊維が分散している状態であり、鞘部は、熱可塑性樹脂[A]を含む、請求項3に記載の繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂成形材料。 - 前記繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂成形材料が、芯鞘構造を有してなり、
芯部は、炭素繊維[B]を含み、
鞘部は、熱可塑性樹脂[A]およびポリロタキサン[C]を含む、請求項3に記載の繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂成形材料。 - 前記熱可塑性樹脂[A]がポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリオレフィン樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂およびポリアリーレンスルフィド樹脂からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の樹脂である、請求項3~5のいずれかに記載の繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂成形材料。
- 前記グラフト鎖がポリエステルにより構成される、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂成形材料。
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