JP7132789B2 - 液体水素製造設備 - Google Patents
液体水素製造設備 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7132789B2 JP7132789B2 JP2018148688A JP2018148688A JP7132789B2 JP 7132789 B2 JP7132789 B2 JP 7132789B2 JP 2018148688 A JP2018148688 A JP 2018148688A JP 2018148688 A JP2018148688 A JP 2018148688A JP 7132789 B2 JP7132789 B2 JP 7132789B2
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 230
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 142
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 142
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 131
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 103
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/001—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
- F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0067—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
- F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
- F25J2260/30—Integration in an installation using renewable energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Description
図1に、本実施形態に係る液体水素製造設備10を示す。本実施形態に係る液体水素製造設備10は、再生可能エネルギー(例えば、風力及び太陽光など)を利用して生成された水素ガスH2(G)(以下「原料水素ガスH2(G)」と称する)を一時的に貯えるためのバッファタンク20と、原料水素ガスH2(G)を液化して液体水素H2(L)を生成する水素液化装置30と、液体水素H2(L)を貯えるための液体水素貯蔵器50と、を備える。また、液体水素製造設備10は、バッファタンク20への原料水素ガスH2(G)の供給量が不足した場合に、液体水素H2(L)の一部を気化して生成した水素ガスH2(G)をバッファタンク20に供給する水素ガス供給装置60をさらに備える。
バッファタンク20には、その内圧を検出するための圧力センサ66が設けられる。原料水素ガスH2(G)は、当該バッファタンク20に一時的に貯えられたあと、第1ガス圧縮機22で圧縮されたうえで、水素液化装置30へと供給される。
水素液化装置30は、バッファタンク20から供給される原料水素ガスH2(G)を液化して液体水素H2(L)を生成するために、第1熱交換器32、第2熱交換器34、及びジュールトムソン弁36を有する。
液体水素貯蔵器50は、水素液化装置30で生成された液体水素H2(L)を貯える。液体水素H2(L)は、約-253°Cという極低温状態である。したがって、液体水素貯蔵器50は、液体水素H2(L)が気化することを抑制するために、断熱保冷性能を有する。液体水素貯蔵器50に貯えられた液体水素H2(L)は、出荷設備70へと送られる。なお、出荷設備70へと送られた液体水素H2(L)は、例えば、船舶及び車両などの搬送体に積み込まれて目的地まで搬送されてもよい。また、液体水素貯蔵器50に貯えられた液体水素H2(L)の一部は、水素ガス供給装置60へと送られる。
水素ガス供給装置60は、液体水素H2(L)を気化して水素ガスH2(G)を生成する水素気化装置61と、液体水素貯蔵器50から水素気化装置61に液体水素H2(L)を供給する液体水素供給ライン62と、液体水素供給ライン62上に設けられる液体水素調節弁63(調節弁)と、を有する。
液体水素製造設備10は、圧力センサ66で検出される圧力(すなわち、バッファタンク20の内圧)が予め定められた設定圧力以上となるように液体水素調節弁63を制御する制御装置65をさらに備える。当該制御装置65は、温度センサ67で検出される温度(すなわち、水素気化装置61からバッファタンク20に供給される水素ガスH2(G)の温度)が予め定められた設定温度以上となるように窒素ガス調節弁49を制御する。
本実施形態に係る液体水素製造設備10は、再生可能エネルギーを利用して生成された原料水素ガスH2(G)の供給量が不足したとき、その不足を水素ガス供給装置60から供給される水素ガスH2(G)で補うことができる。これにより、原料水素ガスH2(G)の供給量が変動しても水素ガスH2(G)を安定的に液化することができる。
上記説明から、当業者にとっては、本発明の多くの改良や他の実施形態が明らかである。したがって、上記説明は、例示としてのみ解釈されるべきであり、本発明を実行する最良の態様を当業者に教示する目的で提供されたものである。本発明の精神を逸脱することなく、その構造及び/又は機能の詳細を実質的に変更できる。
20 バッファタンク
22 第1ガス圧縮機
24 液体窒素貯蔵器
29 液体窒素供給ライン
30 水素液化装置
32 第1熱交換器
34 第2熱交換器
36 ジュールトムソン弁
39 窒素ガス排出ライン
40 膨張タービン
42 第2ガス圧縮機
44 第3熱交換器
46 クーリングタワー
48 ベントスタック
49 窒素ガス調節弁
50 液体水素貯蔵器
60 水素ガス供給装置
61 水素気化装置
62 液体水素供給ライン
63 液体水素調節弁
65 制御装置
66 圧力センサ
67 温度センサ
69 液体窒素排出ライン
70 出荷設備
Claims (4)
- 再生可能エネルギーを利用して生成された水素ガスを一時的に貯えるためのバッファタンクと、
前記水素ガスを液化して液体水素を生成する水素液化装置と、
前記液体水素を貯えるための液体水素貯蔵器と、
前記バッファタンクへの前記水素ガスの供給量が不足した場合に、前記液体水素の一部を気化して生成した水素ガスを前記バッファタンクに供給する水素ガス供給装置と、
を備えることを特徴とする、液体水素製造設備。 - 前記水素ガス供給装置は、
前記液体水素を気化して水素ガスを生成する水素気化装置と、
前記液体水素貯蔵器から前記水素気化装置に前記液体水素を供給する液体水素供給ラインと、
前記液体水素供給ライン上に設けられる調節弁と、
を有する、請求項1に記載の液体水素製造設備。 - 前記バッファタンクの内圧を検出するための圧力センサと、
前記圧力センサで検出される圧力が予め定められた設定圧力以上となるように前記調節弁を制御する制御装置と、
をさらに備える、請求項2に記載の液体水素製造設備。 - 液体窒素を貯えるための液体窒素貯蔵器と、
前記液体窒素貯蔵器から前記水素液化装置に前記液体窒素を供給する液体窒素供給ラインと、
前記水素液化装置から前記水素気化装置に窒素ガスを排出する窒素ガス排出ラインと、
前記水素気化装置から液体窒素を排出し、前記液体窒素供給ラインに合流される液体窒素排出ラインと、
をさらに備え、
前記水素液化装置は、前記液体窒素供給ラインから供給される液体窒素の気化熱を利用して、前記バッファタンクから供給される水素ガスを冷却することで、前記水素ガスを液化して液体水素を生成し、且つ、
前記水素気化装置は、前記窒素ガス排出ラインから排出される窒素ガスと、前記液体水素供給ラインから供給される液体水素とを熱交換させることで、前記窒素ガスを液化するとともに、前記液体水素を気化して水素ガスを生成する、請求項2又は3に記載の液体水素製造設備。
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EP4067533A1 (de) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-05 | Linde GmbH | Verfahren und anlage zur elektrolytischen herstellung von flüssigwasserstoff |
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