JP2016196977A - 水素液化装置 - Google Patents
水素液化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016196977A JP2016196977A JP2015076833A JP2015076833A JP2016196977A JP 2016196977 A JP2016196977 A JP 2016196977A JP 2015076833 A JP2015076833 A JP 2015076833A JP 2015076833 A JP2015076833 A JP 2015076833A JP 2016196977 A JP2016196977 A JP 2016196977A
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 497
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 231
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 231
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 114
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 92
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 172
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002760 rocket fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/001—Hydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0067—Hydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0248—Stopping of the process, e.g. defrosting or deriming, maintenance; Back-up mode or systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
- F25J1/025—Details related to the refrigerant production or treatment, e.g. make-up supply from feed gas itself
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
Description
冷媒水素ガス供給通路L3から冷媒循環通路L2への入口圧力が所定の圧力になるように調整制御する。
2 原料水素ガス供給源
3 バッファタンク
4、7 圧縮機
5 液化機
6 液体水素貯蔵タンク
11、14 熱交換器
12、17 吸着塔
13、15 オルソ−パラ変換器
16 膨張弁
18 膨張機
21 不活性ガス供給源
22 ベントライン
30 コントローラ
31 液体窒素貯槽
33 液体窒素供給源
33、41〜48、52〜56、58〜60、71〜98 開閉弁
L1 原料水素ガス通路
L2 冷媒循環通路
L3 冷媒水素ガス供給通路
L4 不活性ガス供給通路
L5 不活性ガス排出通路
Claims (5)
- 水素ガスを冷却して液体水素を生成する水素液化装置であって、
原料水素ガス供給源から供給される水素ガスを流通させる原料水素ガス通路と、
前記原料水素ガス通路に設けられた水素ガスを圧縮する圧縮機及び水素ガスを冷媒との熱交換によって冷却する熱交換器を含む複数の水素液化構成機器と、
を備え、
前記原料水素ガス通路に設けられた少なくとも1つの前記水素液化構成機器についてそれぞれ、前記原料水素ガス通路における前記水素液化構成機器の水素ガス流れ方向上流側及び下流側に開閉弁が設けられ、前記原料水素ガス通路における前記水素液化構成機器と該水素液化構成機器の水素ガス流れ方向上流側の開閉弁との間に、メンテナンスガス供給源からメンテナンスガスを前記水素液化構成機器に供給するメンテナンスガス供給通路が接続され、前記原料水素ガス通路における前記水素液化構成機器と該水素液化構成機器の水素ガス流れ方向下流側の開閉弁との間に、前記水素液化構成機器に供給されたメンテナンスガスを排出するメンテナンスガス排出通路が接続されている、
ことを特徴とする水素液化装置。 - 前記冷媒を循環させる冷媒循環通路と、
前記冷媒循環通路に設けられた冷媒を膨張させて冷却する膨張機及び冷媒を水素ガスと熱交換させる熱交換器とを含む複数の水素液化構成機器と、
を備え、
前記冷媒循環通路に設けられた少なくとも1つの前記水素液化構成機器についてそれぞれ、前記冷媒循環通路における前記水素液化構成機器の冷媒流れ方向上流側及び下流側に開閉弁が設けられ、前記冷媒循環通路における前記水素液化構成機器と該水素液化構成機器の冷媒流れ方向上流側の開閉弁との間に、メンテナンスガス供給源からメンテナンスガスを前記水素液化構成機器に供給するメンテナンスガス供給通路が接続され、前記冷媒循環通路における前記水素液化構成機器と該水素液化構成機器の冷媒流れ方向下流側の開閉弁との間に、前記水素液化構成機器に供給されたメンテナンスガスを排出するメンテナンス排出通路が接続されている、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の水素液化装置。 - 前記原料水素ガス通路に設けられた水素液化構成機器は、触媒を用いてオルソ水素をパラ水素に変換させるオルソ−パラ変換器を含む、
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の水素液化装置。 - 前記触媒を活性化する触媒活性化手段を備え、
前記触媒活性化手段は、前記原料水素ガス通路における前記オルソ−パラ変換器の水素ガス流れ方向上流側及び下流側の開閉弁を閉じた状態で、前記触媒を活性化するように構成されている、
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の水素液化装置。 - 前記触媒活性化手段は、
前記原料水素ガス通路における前記オルソ−パラ変換器と該オルソ−パラ変換器の水素ガス流れ方向上流側の開閉弁との間に接続され、触媒活性化用ガス供給源から触媒活性化用ガスを前記オルソ−パラ変換器に供給する触媒活性化用ガス供給通路と、
前記原料水素ガス通路における前記オルソ−パラ変換器と該オルソ−パラ変換器の水素ガス流れ方向下流側の開閉弁との間に接続され、前記オルソ−パラ変換器に供給された触媒活性化用ガスを排出する触媒活性化用ガス排出通路とを備えている、
ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の水素液化装置。
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Cited By (1)
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JP2020024064A (ja) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-02-13 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 液体水素製造設備 |
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JP2020024064A (ja) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-02-13 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 液体水素製造設備 |
JP7132789B2 (ja) | 2018-08-07 | 2022-09-07 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 液体水素製造設備 |
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