JP7074084B2 - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7074084B2 JP7074084B2 JP2019005479A JP2019005479A JP7074084B2 JP 7074084 B2 JP7074084 B2 JP 7074084B2 JP 2019005479 A JP2019005479 A JP 2019005479A JP 2019005479 A JP2019005479 A JP 2019005479A JP 7074084 B2 JP7074084 B2 JP 7074084B2
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- exhaust gas
- electrochemical reactor
- nox
- reactor
- exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0892—Electric or magnetic treatment, e.g. dissociation of noxious components
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- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
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- B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
- B01D53/326—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 in electrochemical cells
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- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
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- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
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Description
≪内燃機関全体の説明≫
まず、図1を参照して、第一実施形態に係る排気浄化装置を備えた内燃機関1の構成について説明する。図1は、内燃機関1の概略的な構成図である。図1に示したように、内燃機関1は、機関本体10、燃料供給装置20、吸気系30、排気系40及び制御装置50を備える。
次に、図2及び図3を参照して、本実施形態に係るリアクタ45の構成について説明する。図2は、リアクタ45の断面側面図である。図2に示したように、リアクタ45は、隔壁71と、隔壁によって画定される通路72とを備える。隔壁71は、互いに平行に延びる複数の第1隔壁と、これら第1隔壁に対して垂直に且つ互いに平行に延びる複数の第2隔壁とを備える。通路72は、これら第1隔壁及び第2隔壁によって画定され、互いに平行に延びる。リアクタ45に流入した排気ガスは複数の通路72を通って流れる。なお、隔壁71は、互いに平行に延びる複数の隔壁のみから形成されて、これら複数の隔壁に対して垂直な隔壁は備えないように形成されてもよい。
アノード側: 2H2O→4H++O2+4e-
H2O→2H++O2-
カソード側: 2NO+4H++4e-→N2+2H2O
CmHn+(2m+0.5n)O2-→mCO2+0.5nH2O+(4m+n)e-
CO+O2-→CO2+2e-
ところで、本実施形態とは異なり、内燃機関がリアクタ45をバイパスするバイパス管46を備えていない場合について考える。この場合、排気浄化触媒44から流出した全ての排気ガスはリアクタ45に流入することになる。
そこで、本実施形態に係る排気浄化装置では、制御装置50は、リアクタ45の温度がNOx保持材又はHC保持材(以下、これらをまとめて「保持材」ともいう)からNOx又はHCの離脱が開始される離脱開始温度未満に維持されるように、リアクタ45に流入する排気ガスの流量を制御すべく流量制御弁47を制御する。
図7は、本実施形態に係る排気浄化装置の制御の制御ルーチンを示すフローチャートである。図示した制御ルーチンは一定の時間間隔毎に実行される。
なお、上記実施形態の制御はリアクタ45のNOx保持材に保持されたNOxを考慮して行われているが、斯かる制御は、NOx保持材に保持されたNOxに替えて又は斯かるNOxに加えて、リアクタ45のHC保持材に保持されたHCを考慮して行われてもよい。この場合、排気浄化触媒44及びリアクタ45は、内燃機関1が冷間始動するときに、リアクタ流入状態に流量制御弁47が制御されていても、リアクタ45の温度がHCの離脱開始温度に到達するよりも前に又はHC及びNOxの離脱温度のうち低い方の温度に到達するよりも前に排気浄化触媒44の温度が活性温度Tactに到達するように構成される。また、この場合、上記ステップS17では、HC保持材のHC保持量の推定値がほぼゼロであるか否か、又はNOx保持量の推定値及びHC保持量の推定値の両方がほぼゼロであるか否か判定される。
次に、図8~図10を参照して、第二実施形態に係る排気浄化装置について説明する。第二実施形態に係る排気浄化装置の構成及び制御は第一実施形態に係る排気浄化装置の構成及び制御と同様であるため、以下では、第一実施形態に係る排気浄化触媒と異なる部分を中心に説明する。
図8は、第二実施形態に係る排気浄化装置を備える内燃機関1の、図1と同様な概略的な構成図である。図8に示したように、本実施形態では、排気系40は、第二バイパス管48、開閉弁49及び循環ポンプ90を更に備える。
図9は、本実施形態に係る排気浄化装置における内燃機関の冷間始動の際の、排気浄化触媒44及びリアクタ45の温度等の、図6と同様なタイムチャートである。図9に示した例でも時刻t1において内燃機関1が冷間始動される。
図10は、本実施形態に係る排気浄化装置の制御の制御ルーチンを示すフローチャートである。図示した制御ルーチンは一定の時間間隔毎に実行される。図中のステップS21~S28は、図7のステップS11~S28と同様であるため説明を省略する。
図11を参照して、第二実施形態に係る排気浄化触媒の変形例について説明する。図11は、本変形例に係る排気浄化装置を搭載した内燃機関1の、図8と同様な概略的な構成図である。
10 機関本体
40 排気系
44 排気浄化触媒
45 電気化学リアクタ
46 バイパス管
47 流量制御弁
50 制御装置
75 固体電解質層
76 アノード層
77 カソード層
81 電源装置
Claims (8)
- 機関排気通路内に設けられた電気化学リアクタと、該電気化学リアクタをバイパスするバイパス通路と、機関本体から排出された排気ガスが前記電気化学リアクタ及び前記バイパス通路に流入する流量を制御する流量制御弁と、該流量制御弁を制御する制御装置とを備えた、内燃機関の排気浄化装置であって、
前記電気化学リアクタは、NOx又はHCを保持する保持材を備えると共に、通電されると前記保持材に保持されていたNOx又はHCを浄化するように構成され、
前記制御装置は、前記電気化学リアクタの温度が前記保持材からNOx又はHCの離脱が開始される離脱開始温度未満に維持されるように、前記電気化学リアクタに流入する排気ガスの流量を制御すべく前記流量制御弁を制御し、
前記機関排気通路内には前記バイパス通路への分岐部よりも上流側において排気浄化触媒が設けられ、
前記制御装置は、前記排気浄化触媒の温度がその活性温度以上であるときには、前記電気化学リアクタに排気ガスが流入しないように前記流量制御弁を制御する、内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記排気浄化触媒の温度がその活性温度未満であるときには、前記電気化学リアクタに全ての排気ガスが流入するように前記流量制御弁を制御する、請求項1に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 機関排気通路内に設けられた電気化学リアクタと、該電気化学リアクタをバイパスするバイパス通路と、機関本体から排出された排気ガスが前記電気化学リアクタ及び前記バイパス通路に流入する流量を制御する流量制御弁と、該流量制御弁を制御する制御装置とを備えた、内燃機関の排気浄化装置であって、
前記電気化学リアクタは、NOx又はHCを保持する保持材を備えると共に、通電されると前記保持材に保持されていたNOx又はHCを浄化するように構成され、
前記制御装置は、前記電気化学リアクタの温度が前記保持材からNOx又はHCの離脱が開始される離脱開始温度未満に維持されるように、前記電気化学リアクタに流入する排気ガスの流量を制御すべく前記流量制御弁を制御し、
前記機関排気通路内には前記バイパス通路への分岐部よりも上流側において排気浄化触媒が設けられ、
前記排気浄化触媒及び前記電気化学リアクタは、前記内燃機関が冷間始動するときに、前記電気化学リアクタに全ての排気ガスが流入するように前記流量制御弁が制御されていても、前記電気化学リアクタの温度が離脱開始温度に到達するよりも前に前記排気浄化触媒の温度がその活性温度に到達するように構成される、内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 機関排気通路内に設けられた電気化学リアクタと、該電気化学リアクタをバイパスするバイパス通路と、機関本体から排出された排気ガスが前記電気化学リアクタ及び前記バイパス通路に流入する流量を制御する流量制御弁と、該流量制御弁を制御する制御装置とを備えた、内燃機関の排気浄化装置であって、
前記電気化学リアクタは、NOx又はHCを保持する保持材を備えると共に、通電されると前記保持材に保持されていたNOx又はHCを浄化するように構成され、
前記制御装置は、前記電気化学リアクタの温度が前記保持材からNOx又はHCの離脱が開始される離脱開始温度未満に維持されるように、前記電気化学リアクタに流入する排気ガスの流量を制御すべく前記流量制御弁を制御し、
前記制御装置は、前記内燃機関の冷間始動時に、前記電気化学リアクタに全ての排気ガスが流入するように前記流量制御弁を制御すると共に、前記電気化学リアクタの温度が前記離脱開始温度未満の所定の温度に到達すると、前記電気化学リアクタに排気ガスが流入しないように前記流量制御弁を制御する、内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 機関排気通路内に設けられた電気化学リアクタと、該電気化学リアクタをバイパスするバイパス通路と、機関本体から排出された排気ガスが前記電気化学リアクタ及び前記バイパス通路に流入する流量を制御する流量制御弁と、該流量制御弁を制御する制御装置とを備えた、内燃機関の排気浄化装置であって、
前記電気化学リアクタは、NOx又はHCを保持する保持材を備えると共に、通電されると前記保持材に保持されていたNOx又はHCを浄化するように構成され、
前記制御装置は、前記電気化学リアクタの温度が前記保持材からNOx又はHCの離脱が開始される離脱開始温度未満に維持されるように、前記電気化学リアクタに流入する排気ガスの流量を制御すべく前記流量制御弁を制御し、
前記電気化学リアクタへの通電を制御する通電制御部を更に備え、
前記通電制御部は、前記電気化学リアクタに排気ガスが流入するように前記流量制御弁が制御されている場合には前記電気化学リアクタへの通電を行うと共に、前記電気化学リアクタに排気ガスが流入しないように前記流量制御弁が制御されている場合には、前記保持材にNOx又はHCが保持されていることが推定されているときに、前記電気化学リアクタへの通電を行う、内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 機関排気通路内に設けられた電気化学リアクタと、該電気化学リアクタをバイパスするバイパス通路と、機関本体から排出された排気ガスが前記電気化学リアクタ及び前記バイパス通路に流入する流量を制御する流量制御弁と、該流量制御弁を制御する制御装置とを備えた、内燃機関の排気浄化装置であって、
前記電気化学リアクタは、NOx又はHCを保持する保持材を備えると共に、通電されると前記保持材に保持されていたNOx又はHCを浄化するように構成され、
前記制御装置は、前記電気化学リアクタの温度が前記保持材からNOx又はHCの離脱が開始される離脱開始温度未満に維持されるように、前記電気化学リアクタに流入する排気ガスの流量を制御すべく前記流量制御弁を制御し、
前記バイパス通路の分岐部と合流部との間に設けられて前記電気化学リアクタを間に備える循環通路を更に備え、
前記循環通路は、前記流量制御弁が前記電気化学リアクタに排気ガスが流入しないように制御されているときには、前記循環通路内で排気ガスが循環するように構成される、内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記循環通路には、前記循環通路内で排気ガスを循環させる循環ポンプが設けられる、請求項6に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記循環通路は、前記バイパス通路に相対的に近い第一通路と、前記バイパス通路から相対的に遠い第二通路とを備え、前記第一通路及び前記第二通路は互いに対して鉛直方向にずれて配置される、請求項6又は7に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
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