JP7048509B2 - NOx吸蔵触媒及びSCRシステムのための排気取込型電気式要素 - Google Patents
NOx吸蔵触媒及びSCRシステムのための排気取込型電気式要素 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7048509B2 JP7048509B2 JP2018551369A JP2018551369A JP7048509B2 JP 7048509 B2 JP7048509 B2 JP 7048509B2 JP 2018551369 A JP2018551369 A JP 2018551369A JP 2018551369 A JP2018551369 A JP 2018551369A JP 7048509 B2 JP7048509 B2 JP 7048509B2
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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Description
NOx吸蔵触媒(広い温度範囲)+SCRF+SCR
EHC(+エンジンアウトの熱/燃料)+SCRF+SCR
本発明の実施形態のシステム及び方法は、電気加熱要素の上流に、NOx吸蔵触媒を含む。NOx吸蔵触媒は、特定の条件(一般的には温度及び/又はリッチ/リーン排気条件による)に従って、NOxを吸着、放出及び/又は還元するデバイスを有することができる。NOx吸蔵触媒は例えば、パッシブなNOx吸着材、コールドスタート触媒、NOxトラップなどを有することができる。
パッシブなNOx吸着材とは、低温で、又は低温を下回る温度ではNOxを吸着し、低温を超える温度では吸着されたNOxを放出するために効果的なデバイスである。パッシブなNOx吸着材は、貴金属、及び小細孔モレキュラーシーブを有することができる。貴金属は好ましくは、パラジウム、白金、ロジウム、金、銀、イリジウム、ルテニウム、オスミウム、又はこれらの混合物である。好ましくは、低温とは約200℃、約250℃、又は約200℃~約250℃である。適切なパッシブなNOx吸着材の例は、米国特許出願公開第20150158019号に記載されており、その内容は参照によりその全体が本願に組み込まれるものとする。
コールドスタート触媒とは、低温で、又は低温を下回る温度では、NOx及び炭化水素(HC)を吸着し、低温を上回る温度では吸着されたNOx及びHCを変換及び放出するために効果的なデバイスである。好ましくは、低温とは約200℃、約250℃、又は約200℃~約250℃である。適切なコールドスタート触媒の例は、国際公開第2015085300号に記載されており、その内容は参照により本願にその全体が組み込まれるものとする。
NOXトラップとは、リーン排気条件ではNOXを吸着し、リッチ条件では吸着されたNOXを放出し、放出されたNOXを還元してN2にするデバイスである。
電気加熱要素は、内燃機関の排気通路内で、NOx吸蔵触媒の下流であって、NOx還元触媒の上流に備えられている。あらゆる適切な電気加熱要素が、本発明のシステム及び方法に備えられていてよい。
加熱要素から下流にある適切なNOx還元触媒は、選択的接触還元(SCR)触媒、又はフィルタを有する選択的接触還元触媒(SCRF)を備える。SCR触媒とは、窒素化合物(例えばアンモニア若しくは尿素)との、又は炭化水素(リーンNOx還元)との反応により、NOxをN2に還元する触媒である。SCR触媒は、バナジア-チタニア触媒、バナジア-タングスタ-チタニア触媒、又は遷移金属/モレキュラーシーブ触媒から構成されていてよい。遷移金属/モレキュラーシーブ触媒は、遷移金属及びモレキュラーシーブ、例えばアルミノケイ酸塩ゼオライト又はシリコアルミノリン酸塩を含む。
NOx吸蔵触媒及びSCR触媒はそれぞれさらに、フロースルー基材又はフィルタ基材を備えることができる。1つの実施形態では、触媒/吸着材がフロースルー又はフィルタ基材上に被覆されていてよく、好ましくはウォッシュコート手順を用いてフロースルー又はフィルタ基材上に堆積されている。
NOx還元触媒がSCR又はSCRF触媒である場合、排気システムは、SCR又はSCRF触媒の上流に、排気システム内へと窒素還元剤を導入するための手段を備えることができる。排気システム内へ窒素還元剤を導入するための手段が、SCR又はSCRF触媒のすぐ上流にある(例えば、窒素還元剤を導入するための手段とSCR又はSCRF触媒との間に介在する触媒が存在しない)ことが、好ましいこともある。
本発明のシステム及び方法は、通常の稼働温度で内燃機関排ガスから汚染物質を除去可能な、1つ又は複数のさらなる後処理デバイスを備えることができる。排気システムは、前述の電気加熱要素と、NOx吸蔵触媒及びSCR/SDRFと、以下のものから選択される1つ又は複数のさらなる触媒構成要素とを有することができる:(1)SCR/SCRF触媒、(2)パティキュレートフィルタ、(3)NOxトラップ(NOx吸蔵触媒とも呼ばれる)、(4)三元触媒、(5)酸化触媒、又はこれらのあらゆる組み合わせ。
[NOx吸蔵][EHC]-(還元剤)-[SCR/SCRF]
NOx吸蔵触媒と電気加熱要素とは、連結されていてよい。このような実施形態において加熱要素は、NOx吸蔵触媒(の下流)の直後に設置されている。加熱要素は、NOx吸蔵触媒と同じ基材内に組み合わされていてよく、又はNOx吸蔵触媒とは別個に、しかしながら近くに位置付けられて、設置されていてよい。システムは、加熱要素から下流に、SCR及び/又はSCRF触媒が続く還元剤注入部を備えることができる。任意で、システムはさらに、(1)SCR/SCRF触媒、(2)パティキュレートフィルタ、(3)NOxトラップ(NOx吸蔵触媒とも呼ばれる)、(4)三元触媒、(5)酸化触媒、又はこれらのあらゆる組み合わせを備えることができる。
[NOx吸蔵]-[還元剤注入部]-[EHC]-[SCR/SCRF]
NOx吸蔵触媒と加熱要素とは、連結されていなくてもよい。このような実施形態において加熱要素は、還元剤注入部及び/又はその他の構成要素の下流に位置していてよい。この場合、SCR及び/又はSCRF触媒は、還元剤注入部及び加熱要素の下流に位置していてよい。このような設定において加熱要素は、ミキサ、加水分解触媒、又は小さなSCR/SCRF触媒と連結されていてよい。任意で、システムはさらに、(1)SCR/SCRF触媒、(2)パティキュレートフィルタ、(3)NOxトラップ(NOx吸蔵触媒とも呼ばれる)、(4)三元触媒、(5)酸化触媒、又はこれらのあらゆる組み合わせを備えることができる。
[NOx吸蔵]-[還元剤注入部]-[EHC][SCR/SCRF]
電気加熱要素とSCR/SCRF触媒とは、連結されていてよい。このような実施形態において加熱要素は、SCR/SCRF触媒の下流に直接、設置されていてよい。加熱要素は、SCR/SCRF触媒と同一の基材内で組み合わされていてよく、又は近くに位置付けられていることによって、別個に設置されていてよい。電気加熱要素は、SCR/SCRF触媒と単一のユニットを形成することができる。SCR/SCRF触媒は、ユニットの下流端部で被覆されていてよく、この際に電気加熱要素は、ユニットの上流端部にある。或いは、電気加熱要素は、SCR触媒層によって完全に被覆されていてよい。電気加熱要素/SCR/SCRFのユニットは、NOx吸蔵触媒及び還元剤注入部の下流に位置している。任意で、システムはさらに、(1)SCR/SCRF触媒、(2)パティキュレートフィルタ、(3)NOxトラップ(NOx吸蔵触媒とも呼ばれる)、(4)三元触媒、(5)酸化触媒、又はこれらのあらゆる組み合わせを備えることができる。
本発明は、内燃機関からの排ガスを処理するための方法も含む。本方法は、NOxをNOx吸蔵触媒に低温又は低温よりも低い温度で吸着させること、低温を上回る温度で、NOx吸蔵触媒からNOxを熱により脱着させること、下流にあるNOx還元触媒を、電気加熱要素で加熱すること、及び脱着されたNOxを、NOx還元触媒により触媒で除去することを含む。好ましくは、低温は約200℃、約250℃、又は約200~250℃である。
温度及びNOx累積質量差異を、図1に図示したシステムのようにPNA/dCSC/+SCR-EHC+SCRFを備えるシステムにおいて、時間の関数として測定した。図2における結果は、NOx吸着材と、下流にあるNOx還元触媒との典型的なミスマッチを示している。NOx吸着材は、約250℃の温度でNOxを放出しているが、NOx還元触媒はこの温度では効果的ではなく、第一のNOx放出をかなり逃すであろう。
この実施例は、熱管理(エンジンの熱)によってPNAのNOx吸蔵-放出特性を制御可能かどうかについて試験しており、さらにEHC-SCRを、NOx吸蔵触媒からの熱によるNOx放出を捕らえるために使用可能かどうかについて試験している。
Claims (19)
- a.NOx吸蔵触媒、
b.電気加熱要素、及び
c.NOx還元触媒
を備える排気システムであって、
前記電気加熱要素は、前記NOx吸蔵触媒の直後かつ前記NOx還元触媒の上流に位置して、前記NOx吸蔵触媒と連結して単一のユニットを形成する、排気システム。 - 前記NOx吸蔵触媒が、コールドスタート触媒を含む、請求項1に記載の排気システム。
- 前記NOx吸蔵触媒が、受動的なNOx吸着材を含む、請求項1に記載の排気システム。
- 前記NOx吸蔵触媒が、NOxトラップを含む、請求項1に記載の排気システム。
- 前記NOx還元触媒の上流に還元剤注入部をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の排気システム。
- 前記NOx還元触媒が、選択的接触還元(SCR)触媒である、請求項1に記載の排気システム。
- 前記NOx還元触媒が、選択的接触還元フィルタ(SCRF)である、請求項1に記載の排気システム。
- 前記電気加熱要素及び前記NOx還元触媒の下流に、さらなるNOx還元触媒をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の排気システム。
- 前記排気システムが、ハイブリッド式の電動モータ及び内燃機関を動力とする車両と関連するものである、請求項1に記載の排気システム。
- 内燃機関からの排ガス流を排気システムが処理する方法であって、
a.NOxを、低温又は前記低温を下回る温度でNOx吸蔵触媒に吸着させること;
b.前記低温を上回る温度で、前記NOx吸蔵触媒からNOxを熱により脱着させパージすること;及び
c.下流のNOx還元触媒にある前記パージされたNOxを、触媒により除去すること、
を含み、前記排気システムが、前記NOx吸蔵触媒の直後かつ前記NOx還元触媒の上流に位置して前記NOx吸蔵触媒と連結して単一のユニットを形成する電気加熱要素を備える、方法。 - 前記低温が、約200℃~約250℃である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記NOx還元触媒が、SCR触媒である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記NOx還元触媒が、SCRF触媒である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記NOx還元触媒の下流に、さらなるNOx還元触媒をさらに備える、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記NOx吸蔵触媒が、コールドスタート触媒を含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記NOx吸蔵触媒が、受動的なNOx吸着材を含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記NOx吸蔵触媒が、NOxトラップを含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 排気システムが、ハイブリッド式の電動モータ及び内燃機関を動力とする車両と関連するものである、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記パージが30秒未満、継続する、請求項10に記載の方法。
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GB2549000A (en) | 2017-10-04 |
US20190376424A1 (en) | 2019-12-12 |
GB2549000B (en) | 2019-02-20 |
BR112018070118A2 (pt) | 2019-02-05 |
WO2017168156A1 (en) | 2017-10-05 |
CN109072747A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
US20170284250A1 (en) | 2017-10-05 |
JP2019516899A (ja) | 2019-06-20 |
EP3436673A1 (en) | 2019-02-06 |
KR20210102475A (ko) | 2021-08-19 |
GB201705111D0 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
US11401852B2 (en) | 2022-08-02 |
DE102017106766A1 (de) | 2017-10-05 |
KR102289646B1 (ko) | 2021-08-18 |
KR20180125168A (ko) | 2018-11-22 |
RU2716960C1 (ru) | 2020-03-17 |
JP2022064882A (ja) | 2022-04-26 |
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