JP7045710B2 - Buildings that utilize radiant heat - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a building utilizing radiant heat. More specifically, the present invention relates to a building that utilizes radiant heat using radiant heat from the elements constituting the living room.

The so-called whole building air-conditioning system is a system that controls the temperature of the whole building by sending temperature-controlled air into each room or corridor of a detached house. In a detached house where this whole building air-conditioning system is adopted, there is no temperature change anywhere in the house, and there is no stress due to temperature changes when moving rooms. In addition, the air-conditioning system in the entire building has the advantage of being able to suppress heat shocks when taking a bath in winter.

However, in a detached house that uses an air-conditioning system throughout the building, it is necessary to send temperature-controlled air to each room. Since the air is sent directly, when the resident comes into contact with the air, the hot wind feels hotter than the temperature, and the cold wind feels colder than the temperature. Especially when the temperature difference between the inside and outside is large, it is necessary to increase the amount of air sent in, and the resident often feels stress due to the wind sent in.

Patent Document 1 discloses a radiant heat cooling / heating system. Unlike the whole building air-conditioning system, this air-conditioning system allows temperature-controlled air to flow between the partition wall and the inner wall of the living room, sets the temperature of the inner walls and the like constituting the living room to the desired temperature, and radiates heat from them. It is a system that uses it to heat and cool the living room. In this system, only the minimum amount of air for ventilation is sent to each room, and the stress that the sent air puts on the occupants is greatly reduced.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-15711

However, in the radiant heat cooling / heating system disclosed in Patent Document 1, since the air in the underfloor space is simply discharged from the discharge port in the attic, the warmed air or the cooled air is discharged to the outside as it is. In this way, since air, which is a medium for heating and cooling the living room, is discharged, it is necessary to operate the heat source at a high output at all times, running costs for radiant heat heating and cooling are incurred, and carbon dioxide emissions increase. There's a problem.
In addition, since the heat source is installed in the underfloor space, the warmed air rises in the connected space, so that the ideal air flow can be obtained for heating, but it is cooled for cooling. There is a problem that air stays in the underfloor space and cooling becomes insufficient.

In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a building using radiant heat that can suppress running costs and ensure sufficient performance in both heating and cooling while utilizing radiant heat cooling and heating that suppresses the inflow of air into the living room as much as possible. The purpose is to provide.

The building using radiant heat of the first invention has a heat insulating element for forming a heat insulating space insulated from the outside air, a living room formed in the heat insulating space, and between the living room and the heat insulating element or the living room. Of the communication space that allows the air outside the living room to communicate up and down, the air-conditioning equipment for cooling provided in the roof space above the heat insulation space, and the heat insulation space, at least one of the spaces between them. The heating air-conditioning equipment provided in the lower underfloor space and the ventilation equipment provided in the underfloor space and having a heat exchange function are provided, and the cold air discharged from the cooling air-conditioning equipment or the above-mentioned Any of the warm air discharged from the heating air-conditioning equipment is circulated through the communication space, the temperature of the living room is adjusted by the radiant heat from the components of the living room, and the warm air or the cold air is the floor surface of the living room. It is characterized in that the warm air or the cold air is supplied only to the living room adjacent to the underfloor space.
In the radiant heat utilization building of the second invention, in the first invention, the connected space is provided in any of the space between the living room and the heat insulating element and between the living rooms. It is characterized by.
In the first invention or the second invention , the radiant heat utilization building of the third invention has the first ventilation equipment that blows the air of the roof space toward the underfloor space and the air of the underfloor space toward the roof space. A second blowing facility for blowing air is provided, and a control device for controlling the temperature in the living room is provided, and the control device is provided with the cooling air-conditioning equipment or the heating air-conditioning equipment according to a temperature instruction signal. When the cooling air-conditioning equipment is operated, the second air blowing equipment is operated, and when the heating air-conditioning equipment is operated, the first air blowing equipment is operated.
In any one of the first to third inventions, the radiant heat utilization building of the fourth invention is provided with a solar power generation facility on the roof of the radiant heat utilization building, and power is generated by the solar power generation facility. It is characterized in that the cooling air-conditioning equipment or the heating air-conditioning equipment is operated by the electricity generated.

According to the first invention, since the ventilation equipment having a heat exchange function is provided in the heat insulating space of the building utilizing radiant heat, the temperature of the newly taken in air can be brought close to the temperature of the indoor air, so that the ventilation can be performed. Even if this is performed, it is possible to suppress the change in the temperature of the air heated or cooled by the air conditioning equipment. As a result, the running cost can be kept low while performing air conditioning using radiant heat. In addition, by equipping the roof space with air-conditioning equipment for cooling, it is possible to secure the ideal air flow for cooling without going against the natural flow of the cooled air moving downward, so the performance during cooling can be improved. It can be secured sufficiently.
According to the third invention, by providing the first ventilation equipment that blows the air in the attic space toward the underfloor space, the air can be circulated toward the heating air conditioning equipment in the underfloor space. Further, by providing the second ventilation equipment that blows the air in the underfloor space toward the attic space, the air can be circulated toward the cooling air conditioning equipment in the attic space. Therefore, it is possible to assist in creating an ideal air flow for both warm and cold air, and it is possible to perform more efficient temperature control in both cases of heating and cooling. can.
In addition, when the control device operates the cooling air-conditioning equipment, the air in the underfloor space is blown to the roof space by the second air-conditioning equipment, and when the heating air-conditioning equipment is operated, the roof space is blown by the first air-conditioning equipment. By blowing the air to the underfloor space, the resident can efficiently adjust the temperature without complicated operations.
According to the fourth invention, the running cost required for air conditioning can be further suppressed by operating the air conditioning equipment by the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation equipment. Buildings that utilize radiant heat are premised on operating without stopping air conditioning for 24 hours, so running costs can be kept low more effectively by operating solar power generation equipment.

It is sectional drawing from the front direction of the radiant heat utilization building (during cooling) which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing from the front direction of the building (during heating) using radiant heat of FIG. It is a partially enlarged view of the intersection of the floor and the wall of the building using radiant heat of FIG. It is a partially enlarged view of the intersection of the ceiling and the wall of the building using radiant heat of FIG. It is a control block diagram of the building using radiant heat of FIG.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiments shown below exemplify buildings that utilize radiant heat for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention does not specify buildings that utilize radiant heat to the following. The size or positional relationship of the members shown in each drawing may be exaggerated for the sake of clarity.

(First Embodiment)
1 and 2 are schematic cross-sectional views from the front of a detached house 10 which is a building utilizing radiant heat according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The arrows in FIGS. 1 and 2 indicate the air flow direction, FIG. 1 shows the air flow during cooling, and FIG. 2 shows the air flow during heating.

In the detached house 10, the entire house is insulated from the outside air by a plurality of heat insulating elements constituting the outer wall and the like. Here, the heat insulating space means a space that is not easily affected by the external temperature by using a heat insulating element such as a heat insulating material, and is not a space that is strictly insulated from the external temperature. The plurality of heat insulating elements include, for example, a wall heat insulating material 11a used for an outer wall, a basic heat insulating material 11b used for a floor portion, a roof heat insulating material 11c used for a roof portion, and the like. Other examples include glass doors that have a heat insulating function. In this embodiment, the foundation heat insulating material 11b is a combination of the concrete of the foundation and the heat insulating material.

In FIG. 1, the entire house of the detached house 10 is a heat insulating space, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, even if a part of the house is not a heat insulating space, it falls under the radiant heat utilization building of the present invention.

A plurality of living rooms 16 are provided in the heat insulating space of the detached house 10. In this embodiment, four living rooms 16 are provided, two living rooms 16 are provided on the first floor, and two living rooms 16 are provided on the second floor. The living room 16 includes a living room wall 30, a living room floor 31, and a living room ceiling 32 (see FIGS. 3 and 4).

As shown in FIG. 1, in the present embodiment, a connected space 12 is provided between the living room 16 and the wall heat insulating material 11a which is a heat insulating element. The communication space 12 communicates the air in the heat insulating space up and down, which is located outside the living room 16. FIG. 3 shows a partially enlarged view of the intersection between the floor and the wall of the living room 16 of the detached house 10 which is the building using radiant heat according to the present embodiment. A part of the living room wall 30 and the living room floor 31 in the figure is hidden. As shown in FIG. 3, for example, the communication space 12 is a space between the wall heat insulating material 11a supported by the outer wall support column 34 and the living room wall 30 constituting the living room 16. The communication space 12 communicates with the underfloor space 18. Further, the living room wall 30 is supported by a plurality of inner wall columns 33.

In addition, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the space between the two living rooms 16 located on the second floor, the space between the two living rooms 16 located on the first floor, or the living room 16 on the second floor. A connected space 12 is provided in the space between the living room 16 on the first floor. These communication spaces 12 also allow the air outside the living room to communicate up and down.

In the present embodiment, the outermost wall 24 is provided on the outer side of the wall heat insulating material 11a, and the air layer 25 is provided between the wall heat insulating material 11a and the outermost wall 24. Further, the outermost wall 24 is similarly provided on the outer side of the roof heat insulating material 11c, and the air layer 25 is provided between the roof heat insulating material 11c and the outermost wall 24. By having this outermost wall 24, it is possible to prevent the heat insulating element from being directly exposed to sunlight, and the warm air flows from the bottom to the top in the air layer 25 so that the temperature of the air outside the heat insulating element does not rise too much. It has become.

In the present embodiment, the air-conditioning equipment 13 for cooling is provided in the attic space 17 located at the upper part of the heat insulating space. The cooling air-conditioning equipment 13 can be an air-conditioning equipment capable of heating and cooling, but is preferably an air-conditioning equipment dedicated to cooling. This is because if it is exclusively for cooling, the installation space for the air conditioning equipment can be reduced and the purchase cost can be suppressed. However, at least the air conditioning equipment must be capable of cooling. The attic space 17 does not have any particular problem as long as it is located in the upper part of the heat insulating space, and does not have to be exactly above the living room 16 at the highest position.

In the present embodiment, the heating air-conditioning equipment 14 is provided in the underfloor space 18 located at the lower part of the heat insulating space. The heating air-conditioning equipment 14 can be an air-conditioning equipment capable of heating and cooling, but is preferably an air-conditioning equipment dedicated to heating. This is because if it is dedicated to heating, the installation space for the air conditioning equipment can be reduced and the purchase cost can be suppressed. The heating air-conditioning equipment 14 may include heating equipment such as a fan heater in addition to heat pump type so-called air-conditioning equipment. However, at least it needs to be an air conditioner capable of heating. The underfloor space 18 does not have any particular problem as long as it is located in the lower part of the heat insulating space, and does not have to be exactly below the living room 16 in the lowest position. For example, the space under the stairs leading from the first floor to the second floor is also included in the underfloor space 18.

In the present embodiment, the ventilation equipment 15 having a heat exchange function is provided in the underfloor space 18 located at the lower part of the heat insulating space. The heat exchange function includes a sensible heat exchange type and a total heat exchange type, but there is no problem with either method. The total heat exchange type heat exchange function is achieved by, for example, a total heat exchange element made of a heat transfer plate having gas shielding property and moisture permeability. Fresh outdoor air is allowed to flow into this total heat exchange element, and dirty indoor air is also allowed to flow into the total heat exchange element. Heat transfer plates are laminated in the total heat exchange element, and the amount of heat and humidity are exchanged via the heat transfer plates. As a result, the amount of heat and humidity of the indoor air are transferred to the fresh outdoor air before the outflow, so that the fresh air flows out from the total heat exchange element into the room. At this time, the dirty air in the room flows out to the outside.

In the present embodiment, the first ventilation equipment 20 for blowing the air in the attic space 17 toward the underfloor space 18 is provided. The first blower facility 20 includes a first blower 20a and a first duct 20b. By operating the first blower 20a, the air in the attic space 17 moves to the underfloor space 18 through the first duct 20b. In the present embodiment, the first blower 20a is installed in the attic space 17, but it can also be installed in the underfloor space 18 where the other end of the first duct 20b is located. Further, depending on the form of the detached house 10, such as when the detached house 10 is a one-story house, the first ventilation equipment 20 may not be provided.

In the present embodiment, the second ventilation equipment 21 for blowing the air in the underfloor space 18 toward the attic space 17 is provided. The second blower equipment 21 includes a second blower 21a and a second duct 21b. By operating the second blower 21a, the air in the underfloor space 18 moves to the attic space 17 through the second duct 21b. In the present embodiment, the second blower 21a is installed in the underfloor space 18, but it can also be installed in the attic space 17 where the other end of the second duct 21b is located. Further, as with the first blower equipment 20, the second blower equipment 21 may not be provided depending on the form of the detached house 10.

In the present embodiment, an auxiliary duct 26 is provided to guide the cold air discharged from the cooling air-conditioning equipment 13 to a place where the cold air is difficult to reach. A plurality of auxiliary ducts 26 may or may not be provided depending on the form of the detached house 10.

In the present embodiment, the photovoltaic power generation facility 19 is provided on the roof. The cooling air-conditioning equipment 13 or the heating air-conditioning equipment 14 is operated by the electricity generated by the solar power generation equipment 19. The photovoltaic power generation facility 19 may not be provided in areas where the sunshine hours are short.

By operating the air conditioning equipment with the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation equipment 19, the running cost required for air conditioning can be further suppressed. Since the building using radiant heat of the present embodiment is premised on operating without stopping the air conditioning for 24 hours, the running cost can be suppressed more effectively by operating the photovoltaic power generation facility 19.

FIG. 4 shows a partially enlarged view of the intersection between the ceiling and the wall of the living room 16 constituting the detached house 10 which is the building using radiant heat of the present embodiment. A part of the living room wall 30 and the living room ceiling 32 in the figure is hidden.

In the present embodiment, glass wool 35 is provided on the upper side of the inner wall support column 33 constituting the living room wall 30 of the living room 16. The glass wool 35 is provided so as to block the communication space 12. However, the glass wool 35 has a predetermined air permeability. That is, the glass wool 35 has a density that does not hinder the movement of air in the communication space 12 as much as possible. In FIG. 4, the glass wool 35 is bent so as to have an “L” cross section and is provided on the upper side of the inner wall support column 33, and its weight is mainly on the ceiling support column 36 constituting the living room ceiling 32. It has been added. The glass wool 35 may not be provided if the ministerial ordinance quasi-fireproof structure is not required.

Since the glass wool 35 is provided on the upper side of the inner wall support column 33 constituting the living room wall 30 of the living room 16, the glass wool 35 can prevent the spread of fire. Therefore, as a structure for preventing the spread of fire, the air flow can be ensured by the air permeability of the glass wool 35, although it is a ministerial ordinance quasi-fireproof structure defined by the standard.

(Air flow and its action)
The air flow in the first embodiment will be described. In the summer, when the outside air temperature is high, air conditioning is used, and air flows through the heat-insulated space as shown in Fig. 1. That is, the cold air discharged from the cooling air conditioner 13 passes from the attic space 17 through the communication space 12 between the living room 16 and the heat insulating element and the communication space 12 which is the space between the living rooms 16 and the underfloor space 18. Move to. By moving the cold air in this way, the living room wall 30, the living room floor 31, the living room ceiling 32, and the like constituting the living room 16 are cooled, and the temperature of the living room 16 is adjusted by the radiant heat from these.

Since the cold air is heavy, the cold air that has passed through the communication space 12 naturally moves to the underfloor space 18. Then, the air in the underfloor space 18 is guided to the attic space 17 by the second blower facility 21, cooled by the cooling air conditioner 13 in the attic space 17, becomes cold air, and circulates again through the communication space 12.

Of the cold air discharged from the cooling air-conditioning equipment 13, the minimum necessary air replacement or the like is taken into the living room 16 to promote ventilation. Then, the air or the like that comes out from the living room 16 together with the dust or the like is discharged to the outside by the ventilation equipment 15. At this time, since the ventilation equipment 15 has a heat exchange function, the air discharged from the outside can be cooled, and the temperature of the cooled air can be suppressed from being greatly changed by the ventilation.

Further, in the air layer 25 between the outermost wall 24 outside the heat insulating element and the heat insulating element, the air in the air layer 25 is warmed by sunlight, so that an upward air flow is generated and the air layer 25 is warmed. Air is exhausted from the top of the roof through the outermost wall 24 on the outside of the roof insulation 11c.

In winter, when the outside air temperature is low, heating is used and air flows through the insulated space as shown in FIG. That is, the warm air discharged from the heating air-conditioning equipment 14 passes from the underfloor space 18 to the communication space 12 between the living room 16 and the heat insulating element and the communication space 12 which is the space between the living rooms 16 to the attic space 17. Moving. By moving the warm air in this way, the living room wall 30, the living room floor 31, the living room ceiling 32, and the like constituting the living room 16 are warmed, and the temperature of the living room 16 is adjusted by the radiant heat from these.

Since the warm air is light, the warm air that has passed through the communication space 12 naturally moves to the attic space 17. Then, the air in the roof space 17 is guided to the underfloor space 18 by the first blower facility 20, warmed by the heating air conditioner 14 in the underfloor space 18, becomes warm air, and circulates again through the communication space 12.

As in the case of air conditioning, the minimum necessary air such as air replacement is taken into the living room 16 to promote ventilation. Then, a part of the air is discharged to the outside by the ventilation equipment 15 having a heat exchange function. At that time, the air taken in from the outside by the heat exchange function can be warmed by the discharged air, and the temperature of the warmed air can be suppressed from being greatly changed by ventilation. Further, in the air layer 25 between the outermost wall 24 on the outside of the heat insulating element and the heat insulating element, an upward air flow is generated as in the case of cooling.

By providing the ventilation equipment 15 having a heat exchange function in the underfloor space 18 of the building using radiant heat, it is possible to suppress the change in the temperature of the air heated or cooled by the air conditioning equipment even when ventilating. can. As a result, the running cost can be kept low while performing air conditioning using radiant heat.

Further, by providing the cooling air conditioner 13 in the attic space 17, it is possible to secure an ideal air flow for cooling without countering the natural flow in which the cooled air moves downward. Sufficient performance can be ensured.

By providing the first ventilation equipment 20 that blows the air in the attic space 17 toward the underfloor space 18, the air can be circulated toward the heating air conditioning equipment 14 in the underfloor space 18. Further, by providing the second blowing equipment 21 that blows the air in the underfloor space 18 toward the attic space 17, the air can be circulated toward the cooling air conditioning equipment 13 in the attic space 17. Therefore, it is possible to assist in creating an ideal air flow for both warm and cold air, and it is possible to perform more efficient temperature control in both cases of heating and cooling. can.

(Control method)
FIG. 5 shows a control block diagram of the building using radiant heat of the present embodiment. The control device 22 is a device that controls the temperature in the living room 16. The element that mainly transmits an input signal is described on the left side, and the element that mainly outputs an output signal is described on the right side of the control device 22. An input / output device 23 such as a liquid crystal screen is electrically connected to the control device 22. The control device 22 is provided in the living room 16, and the resident inputs a desired temperature from the input / output device 23.

An air conditioning sensor 27 for measuring the temperature in the living room 16 is electrically connected to the control device 22, and the temperature in the living room 16 is controlled to a temperature desired by the resident. A plurality of air conditioning sensors 27 may be provided.

A cooling air conditioner 13, a heating air conditioner 14, a first blower 20a, and a second blower 21a are electrically connected to the control device 22. The control device 22 operates these elements by the temperature instruction signal of the input / output device 23. When the temperature in the living room 16 is higher than the temperature of the temperature instruction signal, the control device 22 operates the cooling air-conditioning equipment 13 to discharge cold air, and if necessary, the second blower of the second blower equipment 21. Operate 21a. On the contrary, when the temperature in the living room 16 is lower than the temperature of the temperature instruction signal, the control device 22 operates the heating air-conditioning equipment 14 to discharge warm air, and if necessary, the first blower equipment 20. The first blower 20a of the above is operated.

When the control device 22 operates the cooling air-conditioning equipment 13, the air in the underfloor space 18 is blown to the roof space 17 by the second ventilation equipment 21, and when the heating air-conditioning equipment 14 is operated, the first air is blown. By blowing the air in the underfloor space 17 to the underfloor space 18 by the equipment 20, the resident can efficiently adjust the temperature without performing complicated operations.

In the present embodiment, the control device 22 is a method of controlling the cooling air-conditioning equipment 13 and the like in a centralized manner, but the control device 22 is not limited to this control method. For example, an input / output device 23 may be provided in the living room 16 for each of the cooling air-conditioning equipment 13, the heating air-conditioning equipment 14, the first blower 20a, and the second blower 21a. In this case, the resident can operate these devices according to the will of the resident.

Although the present embodiment has described the detached house 10, the present invention is not particularly limited thereto. For example, buildings such as condominiums are also included in buildings that utilize radiant heat.

10 Detached house (building using radiant heat)
12 Communication space 13 Air-conditioning equipment for cooling 14 Air-conditioning equipment for heating 15 Ventilation equipment 16 Living room 17 Roof space 18 Underfloor space 19 Solar power generation equipment 20 1st ventilation equipment 21 2nd ventilation equipment 22 Control device 30 Living room wall 31 Inner wall support 35 glass wool

Claims (4)

With heat insulating elements to form a heat insulating space that is insulated from the outside air,
The living room formed in the heat-insulated space and
A communication space that allows air outside the living room to communicate up and down, at least one of the spaces between the living room and the insulating element, or between the living rooms.
The air-conditioning equipment for cooling provided in the roof space above the heat-insulated space,
The heating air-conditioning equipment provided in the underfloor space below the heat-insulated space,
A ventilation facility provided in the underfloor space and having a heat exchange function is provided.
Either the cold air discharged from the cooling air-conditioning equipment or the warm air discharged from the heating air-conditioning equipment is circulated through the connected space, and the temperature of the living room is adjusted by the radiant heat from the components of the living room. ,
The warm air or the cold air is supplied from the floor surface of the living room, and the air is supplied.
The warm air or the cold air is supplied only to the living room adjacent to the underfloor space.
A building that utilizes radiant heat. The communication space is
It is provided in any of the spaces between the living room and the heat insulating element, and between the living rooms.
The building using radiant heat according to claim 1 . The first ventilation equipment that blows the air in the attic space toward the underfloor space,
A second ventilation facility that blows air in the underfloor space toward the attic space is provided.
A control device for controlling the temperature in the living room is provided.
The control device controls the cooling air-conditioning equipment or the heating air-conditioning equipment by the temperature instruction signal, and also controls the air-conditioning equipment for heating.
When the cooling air-conditioning equipment is operated, the second air-conditioning equipment is operated, and when the heating air-conditioning equipment is operated, the first air-conditioning equipment is operated.
The building using radiant heat according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the building is characterized by the above. Solar power generation equipment is installed on the roof of the building that utilizes radiant heat.
The cooling air-conditioning equipment or the heating air-conditioning equipment is operated by the electricity generated by the solar power generation equipment.
The building using radiant heat according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the building is characterized by the above.

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