JP6968051B2 - 金属オルガニルを製造するための方法 - Google Patents
金属オルガニルを製造するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6968051B2 JP6968051B2 JP2018502322A JP2018502322A JP6968051B2 JP 6968051 B2 JP6968051 B2 JP 6968051B2 JP 2018502322 A JP2018502322 A JP 2018502322A JP 2018502322 A JP2018502322 A JP 2018502322A JP 6968051 B2 JP6968051 B2 JP 6968051B2
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- metal
- ether
- hydride
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- metal hydride
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 alkyl methyl ether Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- SPRIOUNJHPCKPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridoaluminium Chemical compound [AlH] SPRIOUNJHPCKPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CXBDYQVECUFKRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC CXBDYQVECUFKRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DBUJFULDVAZULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypentane Chemical compound CCCCCOC DBUJFULDVAZULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010082 LiAlH Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ICBJCVRQDSQPGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl hexyl ether Chemical compound CCCCCCOC ICBJCVRQDSQPGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910007926 ZrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)aluminum Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al]CC(C)C SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxycyclopentane Chemical compound COC1CCCC1 SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 11
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 229910000103 lithium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004796 dialkyl magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010656 hydrometalation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- SIAPCJWMELPYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium hydride Chemical compound [LiH] SIAPCJWMELPYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC=CC=C1 MGNZXYYWBUKAII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910012375 magnesium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002900 organolithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- RYPKRALMXUUNKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Hexene Natural products CCCC=CC RYPKRALMXUUNKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005684 Liebig rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-ene Chemical compound CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JILPJDVXYVTZDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium methoxide Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C JILPJDVXYVTZDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropane Chemical compound [Li+].C[C-](C)C UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene-2 Natural products CCC=CC QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OTTZHAVKAVGASB-HYXAFXHYSA-N 2-Heptene Chemical compound CCCC\C=C/C OTTZHAVKAVGASB-HYXAFXHYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTTZHAVKAVGASB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptene Natural products CCCCC=CC OTTZHAVKAVGASB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILPBINAXDRFYPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octene Chemical compound CCCCCC=CC ILPBINAXDRFYPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLAZXGNBGZYJSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-ethylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CC)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 PLAZXGNBGZYJSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101500021084 Locusta migratoria 5 kDa peptide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000006853 Ziegler synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005234 alkyl aluminium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007068 beta-elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-cyclohexene Natural products C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YKNMBTZOEVIJCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dec-2-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=CC YKNMBTZOEVIJCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005661 deetherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005218 dimethyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylacetylene Natural products CC#CC XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010952 in-situ formation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJJBSBKRXUVBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;butane Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCC[CH2-].CCC[CH2-] KJJBSBKRXUVBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DVSDBMFJEQPWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyllithium Chemical compound C[Li] DVSDBMFJEQPWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001979 organolithium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001190 organyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylalumane Chemical compound CCCC[Al](CCCC)CCCC SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGOLTJPQCISRTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyllithium Chemical compound [Li]C=C PGOLTJPQCISRTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F1/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B6/00—Hydrides of metals including fully or partially hydrided metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds ; Compounds containing at least one metal-hydrogen bond, e.g. (GeH3)2S, SiH GeH; Monoborane or diborane; Addition complexes thereof
- C01B6/04—Hydrides of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, beryllium or magnesium; Addition complexes thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F1/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
- C07F1/02—Lithium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F1/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
- C07F1/04—Sodium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F1/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
- C07F1/06—Potassium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F3/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic Table
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F3/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic Table
- C07F3/006—Beryllium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F3/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic Table
- C07F3/02—Magnesium compounds
-
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Description
R−Hal+2Li −−−−> R−Li+LiHal (1)
Hal=Cl、Br、I;R=アルキルまたはアリール
による簡便な合成は、リチウム有機化合物の合成の基礎を形成する(K.Ziegler,H.Colonius,Justus Liebigs Ann.Chem.479(1930)135−149)。チーグラー合成の欠点は、液体溶融電気分解により作成した高価なリチウム金属の半分がハロゲン化リチウム副生成物の形成のために消費されるということである。ハロゲン化アルキルの代わりに、Hal-以外の脱離基を有する官能性有機化合物、例えばエーテル(A.Maercker,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Engl.26,(1987)972)及びチオエーテル(C.G.Screttas,M.M.Screttas,J.Org.Chem.43(1978)1064)を用いることもできる。この場合も、使用するリチウムの多くても半分のみが、消費される。
R−E−R’+2Li −−−−> R−Li+R’−E−Li (2)
E=OまたはS
2R−Hal+2M −−−−> R2M+MHal2 (4)
Hal=Cl、Br、I;M=Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba。
2RMgX+2H2 −−−→ 2RH+MgX2+MgH2 * (5)
(W.E.Becker,E.C.Ashby,J.Org.CheM29,954(1964))。同様にジアルキルマグネシウム化合物、例えばジブチルマグネシウムは、200℃にて、MgH2 *中の高圧水素化分解(5MPa)によっても転換するができる(E.J.Setijadi,C.Boyer,Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys.2012,14,11386−97)。好ましくない条件、高価なMg源、及びグリニャール化合物の場合、ハロゲン化マグネシウム(MgX2)による不可避な混入の理由から、このMgH2 *形成法は有用ではなかった。
・任意の活性金属M(すなわち、酸化状態0の金属)は、金属ハロゲン化物などのほとんど価値がない副生成物を形成せずに、所望の有機金属化合物RnMに転換でき、及び、
・純粋(溶媒非含有)型で分解せずに、または非ドナー溶媒、特にTHF非含有非ドナー
溶媒の溶液として有機金属化合物を分離することが可能でなければならない。
・M1=アルカリ金属(Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs)、アルカリ土類金属(Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba)またはSc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Luから選択される希土類の群からの元素、
・x=0または1、
・M2=B、Al、GaまたはInから選択されるPTEの第3族の元素、
・A1=H、または1〜18個のC原子を含有する分枝もしくは非分枝のアルキル基であり、最高4つのA基は同一であり得る、または異なることができる、
・A2=アルコキシ残基(ORであって、R=1〜8個のC原子を有するアルキル)、ジアルキルアミノ残基(NR2であって、R=1〜8個のC原子を有するアルキル)、またはCl、Br、Iから選択されるハロゲン、
・yは値1、2または3を示すことができ、そこでy+z=3である、
・b=M1の価数である。
7に従ってin situで最初に生成されなければならず、微細な分散活性金属M2*、及び/または一般式M1 x[M2(A1 yA2 z)3+x]bの化合物である触媒「触媒1」は、化学量論的量で、または水素の供給源の存在下にて触媒量で添加されなければならない。触媒対MまたはMHnのモル比は、少なくとも0.0001:1及び多くても0.5:1、好ましくは少なくとも0.001:1〜0.3:1、特に好ましくは0.005:1〜0.2:1である。驚くべきことに、高反応性金属M2*及び/または一般式M1 x[M2(A1 yA2 z)3+x]bの化合物の存在下での、Mの水素化は、好ましくは穏やかな条件下で、高収率で成功することがわかった。必要条件は、金属Mが、金属M2またはM1 x[M2(A1 yA2 z)3+x]b中のM2より負の標準電位を有するということである。下に、それぞれの標準電位をまとめた(D.R.Lide,Handbook of Chemistry and Physics83rd ed.,2002−2003)。
2R−Li+Me2O −−−> R−(CH2)−Li+MeO−Li+RH (9)
チレートから選択され、金属オルガニルRnMに対して少なくとも0.001〜多くても20mol%、好ましくは0.001〜多くても5mol%、特に好ましくは0.001〜多くても1mol%含まれる。
Claims (19)
- アルカリ金属M、及びR=2〜18個のC原子を有するアルキル残基の有機金属化合物RMを製造するための方法であって、
オレフィンが、ジメチルエーテル、メチルエチルエーテル、メチルプロピルエーテル、メチルブチルエーテル、メチルペンチルエーテル、メチルシクロペンチルエーテル、メチルヘキシルエーテルからなる群から選択されるアルキルメチルエーテル中で、またはアルキルメチルエーテルを含有する溶媒混合物中で、
a)0.01〜100μmの平均粒子サイズD50を有する微細な分散した金属M 2 及び水素の供給源の存在下でin situ作成される反応性金属水素化物MH*であって、
ここでM2=B、Al、Ga、Inからなる群から選択される、空気、酸素、水分あるいはその他の反応性化合物との接触経験によって、その反応性の観点で減少しない、PTEの第3族の主族の元素である、および/または、
反応性金属水素化物MH*が一般式M1 x[M2(A1 yA2 z)3+x]bを有する化合物の存在下でin situ作成される、
ここでM1=Li、Na、K、Rb、Csからなる群から選択されるアルカリ金属、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Baからなる群から選択されるアルカリ土類金属、またはSc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Luからなる群から選択される希土類の群からの元素であり、
x=0または1であり、
A 1 =H、または1〜18個のC原子を含有する分枝もしくは非分枝のアルキル基であって、最高4つのA基は同一であり得る、または異なることができ、
A2=アルコキシ残基OR、ただしR=1〜8個のC原子を有するアルキル、ジアルキルアミノ残基NR2、ただし、R=1〜8個のC原子を有するアルキル、またはCl、Br、Iからのハロゲンであり、
yは値1、2または3を示すことができ、そこでy+z=3であり、
b=M1の価数であり、
かつH2雰囲気下で、圧力範囲1〜300バールである、
反応性金属水素化物MH*によってヒドロメタル化されるか、あるいは、
b)商業的に入手可能な金属水素化物MH*によってヒドロメタル化されることを特徴とし、
ただし、a)又はb)のそれぞれは、遷移金属触媒の存在下で行われ、ここで前記触媒は、Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Taの、塩化物、メタロセン化合物又は他の錯化合物を含み、アルキルメチルエーテルと前記反応性金属水素化物MH * または金属水素化物MH*の間のモル比は少なくとも0.01:1、最大で50:1である、
前記方法。 - 前記金属MがLi、Na、K、Rb、Csから選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金属MがLiであることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記オレフィンが、エテン、1−プロペン、1−ブテン、1−ペンテン、1−ヘキセン、1−ヘプテン、1−オクテン、1−デセンからなる群から選択される、α−オレフィンであることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記アルキルメチルエーテルがジメチルエーテルであることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記アルキルメチルエーテルと前記反応性金属水素化物MH * または金属水素化物MH * の間のモル比は、0.01:1〜30:1であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記アルキルメチルエーテルと前記反応性金属水素化物MH * または金属水素化物MH * の間のモル比は0.2:1〜20:1であることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記M2がアルミニウムであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記M1 x[M2(A1 yA2 z)3+x]bが、水素化アルミニウム錯体、水素化アルキルアルミニウム、アルキルアルミニウム化合物、塩化アルミニウムまたは金属ハロゲンアルミネートからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 水素化アルミニウム、水素化ジイソブチルアルミニウムもしくはAlH3としてLiAlH4、NaAlH4、Na[H2AlEt2]からなる群から選択される水素化アルミニウム錯体;Me3Al、Et3AlもしくはBu3Alからなる群から選択されるアルキルアルミニウム化合物;塩化アルミニウム;またはLiAlCl4もしくはNaAlCl4からなる群から選択される金属ハロゲンアルミネートが用いられることを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物M1 x[M2(A1 yA2 z)3+x]bが、化学量論的量で、または少なくとも触媒量の水素の供給源の存在下で使用されることを特徴としており、触媒対前記反応性金属水素化物MH * または金属水素化物MH * のモル比が、少なくとも0.0001:1及び多くても0.5:1である請求項9または10に記載の方法。
- 触媒対前記反応性金属水素化物MH * または金属水素化物MH * のモル比が、少なくとも0.001:1及び多くても0.3:1である請求項11の方法。
- 触媒対前記反応性金属水素化物MH * または金属水素化物MH * のモル比が、少なくとも0.005:1及び多くても0.2:1である請求項11の方法。
- 前記反応性金属水素化物MH*の形成が、−20℃〜150℃でin situで生じることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記反応性金属水素化物MH*の形成が、0℃〜100℃でin situで生じることを特徴とする、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記反応性金属水素化物MH*の形成が、25℃〜70℃でin situで生じることを特徴とする、請求項15に記載の方法。
- H2雰囲気下が、10〜100バールの圧力範囲中であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、遷移金属触媒として、Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Taの塩化物あるいは前述の金属の他のメタロセン化合物、または前述の金属のその他の化合物が用いられる方法。
- 請求項18に記載の方法であって、遷移金属触媒として、Cp2TiCl2、CpTiCl3又はCp2ZrCl2が用いられる方法。
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