JP6952687B2 - 対象物内から希土類元素を回収する方法及び装置 - Google Patents
対象物内から希土類元素を回収する方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
- C01F17/20—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element
- C01F17/206—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element oxide or hydroxide being the only anion
- C01F17/224—Oxides or hydroxides of lanthanides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G49/08—Ferroso-ferric oxide [Fe3O4]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/10—Particle morphology extending in one dimension, e.g. needle-like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
- C01P2004/41—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions octahedron-like
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
Description
該方法は、少なくとも1種の溶媒の存在下で、対象物Aを、少なくとも1種の希土類部分及び/又は希土類の混合物並びに金属部分を酸化して分離するのに適した流体と接触させるソルボサーマル処理工程を含み、
流体又は流体混合物は、2g・mol−1を超えるモル質量を有する成分を1つ以上含み、
反応温度Trの値は、その最大値が対象物の融点より低くなり、その最小値が溶媒の蒸発温度より高くなるように、対象物の種類に応じて選択され、
反応は、下記式R−M→R(X)x+M(X)y(式中、Rは希土類又は希土類の混合物を示し、Mは遷移金属を示し、(X)は使用した流体によって決まる群を示す)に従って行われることを特徴とする、方法に関する。
対象物Aと、少なくとも第1の希土類部分及び/又は第2の金属部分を酸化するのに適した特性を有する流体とを収容する筺体、
本発明の方法の実施のため、反応を引き起こすように反応温度Trの値を選択して、上記筺体の温度を上昇させる手段、
を少なくとも備えることを特徴とする、装置にも関する。
Trは最低温度Tminより高くしなければならない。その際及びその後、対象物の構成元素の酸化物が形成され、対象物内に酸素が拡散する。例えば、H2O−NaCl系におけるNd−Fe−B合金に対しては、Trは100℃より高くなるよう選択する。
処理対象物Aの構成元素に応じて選択する(一旦分離された元素を分解させないように最高温度Tmaxを選択する)。
溶媒(複数の場合もある)の種類に応じて、溶媒が反応容器と反応せず、又は溶媒が分解せず、又は寄生反応が起こらないように選択する。
反応容器の圧力耐性及び温度耐性に応じて選択する。
加熱装置の種類に応じて、加熱装置がより高温又はより低温を達成できるよう選択する。
Claims (11)
- 少なくとも1種の第1の希土類部分又は希土類元素の混合物と、第2の金属部分とから構成される対象物Aに含まれる少なくとも希土類元素を回収する方法であって、
該方法は、少なくとも1種の溶媒の存在下で、前記対象物「A」を、少なくとも1種の希土類部分及び/又は希土類元素の混合物並びに金属部分を酸化して分離するのに適した流体又は流体混合物と接触させるソルボサーマル処理工程を含み、
前記流体又は流体混合物は、2g・mol-1を超えるモル質量を有する成分を1つ以上含み、
反応温度Trの値は、その最大値が前記対象物の融点より低くなり、その最小値が前記溶媒の蒸発温度より高くなるように、対象物の種類に応じて選択され、
反応は、式R−M→R(X)x+M(X)y(式中、Rは希土類元素又は希土類元素の混合物を示し、Mは遷移金属を示し、(X)は使用した流体によって決まる群を示す)に従って行われ、
前記溶媒は、酸又は無機塩基を含まず、
前記ソルボサーマル処理は、20℃〜400℃の間の温度で行われることを特徴とする、方法。 - 前記対象物「A」が、少なくとも1種の希土類元素と磁性合金とから構成される磁性部品であり、前記流体が、磁石を被覆する酸化防止保護層から希土類元素を分離するのに適した溶媒であり、前記希土類元素が酸化により分離されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記反応温度Trを、少なくとも、前記対象物の構成元素の酸化プロセスの初期温度と等しくなるよう選択することよって、前記対象物内に酸化剤を拡散させることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 触媒を使用し、触媒を考慮して前記反応温度Trの値を選択することを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記流体を超臨界条件下に置くことを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象物「A」がNd2Fe14B磁性相を含み、流体として、水等の酸化性溶媒を使用し、Nd2Fe14B→Nd(OH)3+Fe3O4のプロセスに従って、解離した磁性相を分離することにより、ネオジムと他の元素を結晶の形態で分離することを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 塩化ナトリウム及び/又は硫黄酸化物を酸化性塩として使用し、100℃を超える温度で操作を行うことを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記対象物が、一次電池又は二次電池に使用される希土類/金属合金の電極であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 方法の終了時に生成する元素及び/又は結晶に対して行う次の処理に応じて、処理時間を選択することを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 粉砕及び/又は消磁によって、前記対象物を前処理する工程を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種の第1の希土類部分又は希土類元素の混合物と、第2の金属部分とから構成される対象物Aに含まれる希土類を回収する装置であって、以下の要素:
対象物Aと、少なくとも第1の希土類部分及び/又は第2の金属部分を酸化するのに適した特性を有する流体とを収容する筺体(1)、
請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法の実施のため、反応を引き起こすように反応温度Trの値を選択して、前記筺体(1)の温度を上昇させる手段(10)、
を少なくとも備えることを特徴とする、装置。
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