JP6908042B2 - 熱サイクル用作動媒体 - Google Patents
熱サイクル用作動媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6908042B2 JP6908042B2 JP2018529895A JP2018529895A JP6908042B2 JP 6908042 B2 JP6908042 B2 JP 6908042B2 JP 2018529895 A JP2018529895 A JP 2018529895A JP 2018529895 A JP2018529895 A JP 2018529895A JP 6908042 B2 JP6908042 B2 JP 6908042B2
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- SMCNZLDHTZESTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane Chemical compound CC(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)F SMCNZLDHTZESTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- ZDFRNVBDGBEAAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-yne Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C#CCl ZDFRNVBDGBEAAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GDPWRLVSJWKGPJ-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound Cl\C=C(/F)C(F)(F)F GDPWRLVSJWKGPJ-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QGYLHZMNVGBXDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=C(F)C(F)(F)F QGYLHZMNVGBXDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GDPWRLVSJWKGPJ-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound Cl/C=C(/F)C(F)(F)F GDPWRLVSJWKGPJ-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RIKAWHYAAZOYDR-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-2-chloro-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C(\Cl)C(F)(F)F RIKAWHYAAZOYDR-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C/C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RIKAWHYAAZOYDR-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-2-chloro-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C(/Cl)C(F)(F)F RIKAWHYAAZOYDR-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- INEMUVRCEAELBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane Chemical compound CC(F)C(F)(F)F INEMUVRCEAELBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UJIGKESMIPTWJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(Cl)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)Cl UJIGKESMIPTWJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YTCHAEAIYHLXBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(Cl)C(F)(F)F YTCHAEAIYHLXBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QUTHCURCAWPHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(1-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-2-yl)ethynyl]pyrimidin-2-amine Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)N(C)C(C#CC=2N=C(N)N=CC=2)=N1 QUTHCURCAWPHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 185
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 67
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 53
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 36
- -1 HCFO-1224xe (Z)) Chemical compound 0.000 description 32
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
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- LOCOMRPWMOCMPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(Cl)CCl LOCOMRPWMOCMPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 10
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012533 medium component Substances 0.000 description 10
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- COAUHYBSXMIJDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl COAUHYBSXMIJDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007033 dehydrochlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 8
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- JXMGZLBGSDLPKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(Cl)Cl JXMGZLBGSDLPKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KEQFTVQCIQJIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 KEQFTVQCIQJIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MMUPRXJDJIEFNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3-trichloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(Cl)C(Cl)Cl MMUPRXJDJIEFNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- BFJGKEZYSSAZTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl BFJGKEZYSSAZTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCO KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
前記不純物は、1,3−ジクロロ−1,1,2,2,3−ペンタフルオロプロパン(CClF2−CF2−CHClF、HCFC−225cb)、1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロプロパン(CF3−CHF−CH3、HFC−254eb)、1,1−ジクロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン(CF3−CF=CCl2、CFO−1214ya)、(E)−1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン((E)−CF3−CF=CHCl、HCFO−1224yd(E))、(Z)−2−クロロ−1,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン((Z)−CF3−CCl=CHF、HCFO−1224xe(Z))、(E)−2−クロロ−1,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン((E)−CF3−CCl=CHF、HCFO−1224xe(E))、2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン(CF3−CF=CH2、HFO−1234yf)、(Z)−1,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン((Z)−CF3−CH=CHF、HFO−1234ze(Z))、(E)−1,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン((E)−CF3−CH=CHF、HFO−1234ze(E))、1−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロ−1−プロピン(CF3−C≡CCl)、C4H4F4で示されるフッ化炭化水素、2−クロロ−1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロプロパン(HCFC−244bb)、1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロパン(HFC−245fa)、2−クロロ−1,1,3,3,3−ペンタフルオロ−1−プロペン(CFO−1215xc)、3,3−ジクロロ−1,1,1,2,2−ペンタフルオロプロパン(HCFC−225ca)、1,1,1,2,2,3,3−ヘプタフルオロプロパン(FC−227ca)、メタノール、エタノール、アセトン、クロロホルムおよびヘキサンから選ばれる少なくとも1種の微量成分を含有し、
前記熱サイクル用作動媒体の全量に対する前記微量成分の含有量の割合が合計で1.5質量%未満であることを特徴とする熱サイクル用作動媒体を提供する。
本発明の実施形態の熱サイクル用作動媒体(以下、作動媒体ともいう。)は、HCFO−1224yd(Z)と、不純物とを含み、該不純物は、下記微量成分(以下、微量成分(X)ともいう。)を含有し、作動媒体に対する微量成分(X)の含有量の割合が合計で1.5質量%未満である。
HCFO−1224yd(Z)は、燃焼性を抑えるハロゲンと、大気中のOHラジカルによって分解され易い炭素−炭素二重結合をその分子内に有する。
微量成分(X)は、HCFO−1224yd(Z)の製造の際に副生し不純物として生成組成物中に存在する化合物もしくは、製造の際に用いられる溶媒である。微量成分(X)は、具体的には、HCFC−225cb、HFC−254eb、CFO−1214ya、HCFO−1224yd(E)、HCFO−1224xe(Z)、HCFO−1224xe(E)、HFO−1234yf、HFO−1234ze(Z)、HFO−1234ze(E)、1−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロ−1−プロピン、C4H4F4で示されるフッ化炭化水素、HCFC−244bb、HFC−245fa、CFO−1215xc、HCFC−225ca、FC−227ca、メタノール、エタノール、アセトン、クロロホルムおよびヘキサンから選ばれる少なくとも1種である。
HCFC−234bbを液相中で、溶媒に溶解した塩基すなわち溶液状態の塩基と接触させ、式(1)に示すHCFC−234bbの脱塩化水素反応を行う。
なお、上記塩基の溶媒として水を用いた場合には、得られた粗生成物を静置することにより、HCFO−1224yd(Z)を含む有機層と、未反応の塩基および脱塩化水素反応で生成する塩とを含む水層に層分離するため、両者を容易に分離することが可能となる。
式(3)に示すように、CFO−1214yaを触媒存在下、水素を用いて還元することでHFO−1234yfに変換され、その中間体としてHCFO−1224yd(Z)が得られる。また、この還元反応においては、HCFO−1224yd(Z)以外に多種類の含フッ素化合物が副生する。
本発明の作動媒体は、HCFO−1224yd(Z)および不純物以外に、その他の作動媒体成分をさらに含むことができる。その他の作動媒体成分としては、ヒドロフルオロカーボン(HFC)、ヒドロフルオロオレフィン(HFO)、および、ヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィン(HCFO)(ただし、HCFO−1224yd(Z)および微量成分(X)を除く)から選ばれる少なくとも1種が好ましい。
作動媒体に上記の微量成分(X)以外の以下に説明する不純物(その他の不純物)が含まれると、熱サイクルシステムに適用された場合に問題となることがある。これらの不純物は、熱サイクルシステムにおいて作動媒体とともに用いられる後述の潤滑油からも持ち込まれる、または、熱サイクルシステム稼働時に外部から侵入する可能性もあることから、作動媒体において、極力含有量を減少させることが望まれる成分である。
熱サイクルシステム内に酸分が存在すると、作動媒体や潤滑油の分解等、悪影響を及ぼす。作動媒体における酸分は酸アルカリ滴定法による濃度として、1質量ppm未満が好ましく、0.8質量ppm以下が特に好ましい。なお、作動媒体における所定の成分の濃度とは、作動媒体の全量に対する該成分の含有量の質量割合を意味する。
熱サイクルシステム内に塩素が存在すると、金属との反応による堆積物の生成、軸受け部の磨耗、作動媒体や潤滑油の分解等、悪影響を及ぼす。作動媒体において塩素は塩素イオンとして存在する。作動媒体における塩素イオン濃度は、硝酸銀比濁法で測定される塩素イオン濃度として、3質量ppm以下が好ましく、1質量ppm以下が特に好ましい。
作動媒体を蒸発させた後に残留する蒸発残分は、作動媒体を熱サイクルシステムに用いた際に、配管部の閉塞等の点で問題である。作動媒体の蒸発残分は、作動媒体の100gを40℃で60分間処理した後に残留する蒸発残分の量として、作動媒体の全量に対して、15質量ppm以下が好ましく、10質量ppm以下が特に好ましい。
熱サイクルシステム内に水分が混入すると、キャピラリーチューブ内での氷結、作動媒体や潤滑油の加水分解、システム内で発生した酸成分による材料劣化、コンタミナンツの発生等の問題が発生する。作動媒体における水分含有量はカールフィッシャー電量滴定法により測定される水分含有量として、作動媒体の全量に対して、20質量ppm以下が好ましく、15質量ppm以下が特に好ましい。
熱サイクルシステム内に空気(窒素:約80体積%、酸素:約20体積%)が混入すると、凝縮器や蒸発器における熱伝達の不良、作動圧力の上昇という悪影響を及ぼすため、空気の混入を極力抑制する必要がある。特に、空気中の酸素は、作動媒体や潤滑油と反応し、その分解を促進する。作動媒体における空気濃度はガスクロマトグラムにより測定される空気濃度として、15000質量ppm未満が好ましく、8000質量ppm以下が特に好ましい。
本発明の作動媒体は、オゾン層への影響および地球温暖化への影響が少なく、サイクル性能に優れるうえに、安定性が確保された熱サイクルシステム用の作動媒体として有用である。
本発明の作動媒体は、熱サイクルシステムへの適用に際して、通常、潤滑油と混合して熱サイクルシステム用組成物として使用することができる。本発明の作動媒体と潤滑油を含む熱サイクルシステム用組成物は、これら以外にさらに、安定剤、漏れ検出物質等の公知の添加剤を含有してもよい。
熱サイクルシステムでは、前記した作動媒体を潤滑油と混合して使用してもよい。潤滑油としては、熱サイクルシステムに用いられる公知の潤滑油を採用できる。潤滑油は、熱サイクルシステム用組成物に上記作動媒体とともに含有され熱サイクルシステム内を循環し、該熱サイクルシステム内の特に圧縮機において潤滑油として機能する。熱サイクルシステムにおいて、潤滑油は、潤滑性や圧縮機の密閉性を確保しつつ、低温条件下で作動媒体に対して相溶性が充分あるものが好ましい。このような観点から、潤滑油の40℃における動粘度は1〜750mm2/sが好ましく、1〜400mm2/sがより好ましい。また、100℃における動粘度は1〜100mm2/sが好ましく、1〜50mm2/sであることがより好ましい。
安定剤は、熱および酸化に対する作動媒体の安定性を向上させる成分である。安定剤としては、耐酸化性向上剤、耐熱性向上剤、金属不活性剤等が挙げられる。
漏れ検出物質とは、熱サイクルシステムから作動媒体等が漏れた場合に、臭いや蛍光等で検出しやすいようにする目的で添加される物質一般をいう。
本発明の作動媒体が適用される熱サイクルシステムは、凝縮器で得られる温熱を利用するヒートポンプシステムであってもよく、蒸発器で得られる冷熱を利用する冷凍サイクルシステムであってもよい。本発明の熱サイクルシステムは、フラデッドエバポレーター式であってもよく、直接膨張式であってもよい。本発明の熱サイクルシステムにおいて、作動媒体との間で熱交換される作動媒体以外の他の物質は水または空気が好ましい。
(i)蒸発器14から排出された作動媒体蒸気Aを圧縮機11にて圧縮して高温高圧の作動媒体蒸気Bとする。
(ii)圧縮機11から排出された作動媒体蒸気Bを凝縮器12にて流体Fによって冷却し、液化して低温高圧の作動媒体Cとする。この際、流体Fは加熱されて流体F’となり、凝縮器12から排出される。
(iii)凝縮器12から排出された作動媒体Cを膨張弁13にて膨張させて低温低圧の作動媒体Dとする。
(iv)膨張弁13から排出された作動媒体Dを蒸発器14にて負荷流体Eによって加熱して高温低圧の作動媒体蒸気Aとする。この際、負荷流体Eは冷却されて負荷流体E’となり、蒸発器14から排出される。
COP=Q/圧縮仕事=(hA−hD)/(hB−hA) …(B)
M2/nO・Al2O3・xSiO2・yH2O …(C)
ただし、Mは、Na、K等の1族の元素またはCa等の2族の元素であり、nは、Mの原子価であり、x、yは、結晶構造にて定まる値である。Mを変化させることにより細孔径を調整できる。
HCFO−1224yd(Z)および微量成分(X1)または微量成分(X2)を表1に示す割合で含有し、さらにその他の不純物を表1に示す割合で含有する作動媒体1〜16を調製した。なお、微量成分(X1)および微量成分(X2)に共通する成分については、(X1)、(X2)共通として表中に示した。
例1〜16に示す作動媒体と、辺の長さ;20mm×30mm、厚さ;2mmのSS400、Cu、Al製の各金属片の1枚ずつ、合計3枚を、200mLのステンレス製の耐圧容器に入れた。ここで、作動媒体の配合量は50gである。
上記試験後の耐圧容器を室温になるまで静置した。
吸収瓶4本にそれぞれ純水を100ml入れ、導管で直列に連結したものを準備した。
室温になった耐圧容器に、純水を加えた吸収瓶を連結したものをつなぎ、徐々に耐圧容器の弁を開放して、作動媒体ガスを吸収瓶の水中に導入し、作動媒体ガスに含まれる酸分を抽出した。
○;酸分が2ppm未満である。
△;酸分が2ppm以上10ppm未満である。
×;酸分が10ppm以上である。
Claims (9)
- (Z)−1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンと、不純物とを含む熱サイクル用作動媒体であって、
前記不純物は、1,3−ジクロロ−1,1,2,2,3−ペンタフルオロプロパン、1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロプロパン、1,1−ジクロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン、(E)−1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン、(Z)−2−クロロ−1,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン、(E)−2−クロロ−1,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン、2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン、(Z)−1,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン、(E)−1,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペン、1−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロ−1−プロピン、C4H4F4で示されるフッ化炭化水素、2−クロロ−1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロプロパン、1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロパン、2−クロロ−1,1,3,3,3−ペンタフルオロ−1−プロペン、3,3−ジクロロ−1,1,1,2,2−ペンタフルオロプロパン、1,1,1,2,2,3,3−ヘプタフルオロプロパン、メタノール、エタノール、アセトン、クロロホルムおよびヘキサンから選ばれる少なくとも1種の微量成分を含有し、
前記熱サイクル用作動媒体の全量に対する前記微量成分の含有量の割合が合計で1.5質量%未満であり、
前記熱サイクル用作動媒体の全量に対する前記2−クロロ−1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロプロパンの含有量の割合が0.001〜0.5質量%であることを特徴とする熱サイクル用作動媒体。 - 前記熱サイクル用作動媒体の全量に対する前記(Z)−1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンの含有量の割合が20質量%以上である、請求項1に記載の熱サイクル用作動媒体。
- さらに、ヒドロフルオロカーボン、ヒドロフルオロオレフィン、および、ヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィンから選ばれる少なくとも1種(ただし、(Z)−1−クロロ−2,3,3,3−テトラフルオロプロペンおよび前記微量成分を除く)を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の熱サイクル用作動媒体。
- 前記不純物は酸分を含み、前記熱サイクル用作動媒体の全量に対する前記酸分の含有量の割合が1質量ppm未満である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の熱サイクル用作動媒体。
- 前記不純物は塩素イオンを含み、前記熱サイクル用作動媒体の全量に対する前記塩素イオンの含有量の割合が3質量ppm以下である請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の熱サイクル用作動媒体。
- 前記不純物は蒸発残分を含み、前記熱サイクル用作動媒体の全量に対する前記蒸発残分の含有量の割合が15質量ppm以下である請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の熱サイクル用作動媒体。
- 前記不純物は水分を含み、前記熱サイクル用作動媒体の全量に対する前記水分の含有量の割合が20質量ppm以下である請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の熱サイクル用作動媒体。
- 前記不純物は空気を含み、前記熱サイクル用作動媒体の全量に対する前記空気の含有量の割合が15000質量ppm未満である請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の熱サイクル用作動媒体。
- 前記熱サイクル用作動媒体の全量に対する前記1−クロロ−3,3,3−トリフルオロ−1−プロピンの含有量の割合が0.0001〜0.1質量%である請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の熱サイクル用作動媒体。
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