JP6907053B2 - 内燃機関および内燃機関の運転方法 - Google Patents
内燃機関および内燃機関の運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6907053B2 JP6907053B2 JP2017133478A JP2017133478A JP6907053B2 JP 6907053 B2 JP6907053 B2 JP 6907053B2 JP 2017133478 A JP2017133478 A JP 2017133478A JP 2017133478 A JP2017133478 A JP 2017133478A JP 6907053 B2 JP6907053 B2 JP 6907053B2
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 57
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 94
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 perovskite Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 15
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen dioxide Chemical compound O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
- F01N3/108—Auxiliary reduction catalysts
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F01N2340/00—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
- F01N2340/06—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the arrangement of the exhaust apparatus relative to the turbine of a turbocharger
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- F01N2370/02—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in catalytic reactors
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- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
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- F01N2610/06—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being in the gaseous form
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
Description
2NO2+C→2NO+CO
2C+2NO2→N2+2CO2
11 ガス燃焼システム
12 シリンダ
13 燃焼空気
14 燃料
15 排ガス
16 排ガス後処理システム
17 CH4酸化触媒
18 SCR触媒
19 導入装置
20 タービン
21 コンプレッサ
22 ターボチャージャ
23 CH2O分解触媒
24 センサ
Claims (13)
- ガス燃焼システム(11)と排ガス後処理システム(16)とを有する内燃機関(10)を運転するための方法であって、前記ガス燃焼システム(10)を出た排ガス(15)は、浄化のために前記排ガス後処理システム(16)を介して導かれる方法において、
前記排ガス(15)は、前記排ガス(15)中のNO2比率を低減するために、前記排ガス後処理システム(16)の少なくとも一つのNO2分解触媒(17)を介して導かれ、単独または個々のNO2分解触媒(17)を介してガイドされた前記排ガスは、続いてSCR触媒(18)を介して導かれ、
前記排ガスは、単独または個々のNO 2 分解触媒(18)の下流、かつ前記SCR触媒(18)の還元剤のための添加(19)の上流および/または前記SCR触媒の下流で、CH 2 O分解触媒(23)を介して導かれることを特徴とする方法。 - 前記排ガス(15)中の前記NO2比率は、単独または個々のNO2分解触媒(17)を介して、前記SCR触媒(18)の上流において、前記排ガス(15)中の窒素酸化物全体におけるNO2比率が、25%乃至55%の間であるように調整されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記NO2分解触媒(17)に、還元剤としてCH4が供給されることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記排ガス中のNO2比率実際値が測定または計算され、前記NO2分解触媒内で用いられるCH4量は、前記NO2比率実際値がNO2比率目標値に近似するか、一致するように調整されることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記排ガス(15)は、前記NO2分解触媒(18)の下流で、前記SCR触媒(18)を介するとともに、付加的に粒子フィルターおよび/またはNOx吸蔵触媒を介して導かれることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 単独または個々のNO2分解触媒(17)は、2barと20barの間の圧力で作動されることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 単独または個々のNO2分解触媒(17)は、400℃より高い温度で作動されることを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記個々のNO2分解触媒(17)において、NO2分解のための活性成分として、以下の成分、すなわちゼオライト、ペロブスカイト、鉄、銅、セリウム、カルシウム、チタニウム、アルミニウムの少なくとも一つ、および/または少なくとも一つの白金族金属の元素が用いられることを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記NO2分解触媒(17)は、ターボチャージャの少なくとも一つのタービン(20)の上流に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記NO2比率を低減するためのCH4は、前記内燃機関の運転パラメータを変化させることにより生じさせられることを特徴とする請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ガス燃焼システム(11)と排ガス後処理システム(16)とを有する内燃機関(10)において、
前記排ガス後処理システム(16)は、少なくとも一つのNO2分解触媒(17)を有し、単独または個々のNO2分解触媒(17)の下流にSCR触媒(18)を有し、
前記排ガス後処理システム(16)は、単独または個々のNO 2 分解触媒(17)の下流、かつ前記SCR触媒(18)の還元剤のための添加(19)の上流および/または前記SCR触媒の下流に、CH 2 O分解触媒(23)を有することを特徴とする内燃機関。 - 前記排ガス後処理システム(16)は、単独または個々のNO2分解触媒(17)の下流に、さらに粒子フィルターおよび/またはNOx吸蔵触媒を有することを特徴とする請求項11に記載の内燃機関。
- 前記NO2分解触媒(17)は、ターボチャージャのタービン(20)の上流に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項11または12に記載の内燃機関。
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