JP6904425B2 - リチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6904425B2 JP6904425B2 JP2019542264A JP2019542264A JP6904425B2 JP 6904425 B2 JP6904425 B2 JP 6904425B2 JP 2019542264 A JP2019542264 A JP 2019542264A JP 2019542264 A JP2019542264 A JP 2019542264A JP 6904425 B2 JP6904425 B2 JP 6904425B2
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- electrolytic solution
- secondary battery
- positive electrode
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 37
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 35
- -1 cyclic sulfonic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RDKKQZIFDSEMNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylsulfonylpropane Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)C(C)C RDKKQZIFDSEMNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 5
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 27
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
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- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 17
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 13
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- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 8
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- JLEXUIVKURIPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.OCC(N)(CO)CO JLEXUIVKURIPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- YBJCDTIWNDBNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CCS(C)(=O)=O YBJCDTIWNDBNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZNBGTBKGFZMWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluoro-5-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)pentane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)F ZNBGTBKGFZMWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCBRSIIGBBDDCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)COC(F)(F)C(F)F HCBRSIIGBBDDCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ITRARIZTIUSJFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-4-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropoxy)butane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ITRARIZTIUSJFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLOUSLWKRLJSPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutoxy)butane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)COCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YLOUSLWKRLJSPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RPSFZSRVLPIAMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F RPSFZSRVLPIAMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEYOKACDPBMEMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-3-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)COCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F HEYOKACDPBMEMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOROOXPAFHWVRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F JOROOXPAFHWVRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DOESGSGKEZIPFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)COC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F DOESGSGKEZIPFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AWIZRYZDKMGMNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluoro-1-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)butane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)F AWIZRYZDKMGMNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JCSRVIQQOQNBKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)COCC(F)(F)C(F)F JCSRVIQQOQNBKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MBDUIEKYVPVZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)CC MBDUIEKYVPVZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RQRJSFDKEZULSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1,1-difluoroethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)OCC(F)(F)C(F)F RQRJSFDKEZULSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCS(=O)(=O)C1 CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAUXRLVUBYXUQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1,1-difluoroethoxy)-1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluorobutane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ZAUXRLVUBYXUQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BRWBDEIUJSDQGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluoro-6-methoxyhexane Chemical compound COC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F BRWBDEIUJSDQGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPBXYQMWDFSOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-undecafluoro-5-methoxypentane Chemical compound COC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F FBPBXYQMWDFSOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKIYQFLILPKULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxybutane Chemical compound COC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F OKIYQFLILPKULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUTPKDUMZWIJKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F CUTPKDUMZWIJKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNPZAHOTELVNST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)butane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F VNPZAHOTELVNST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMRGTZDDPWGCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)OCC(F)(F)F LMRGTZDDPWGCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHAKGKWRVBOSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-1-(1,1,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)OC(F)(F)CF KHAKGKWRVBOSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RKDVKSZUMVYZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)CO1 RKDVKSZUMVYZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEYAWNMYIUDQER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane Chemical compound CCCOC(F)(F)C(F)F DEYAWNMYIUDQER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYUTZEMBPIRNFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)COC(F)(F)C(F)F XYUTZEMBPIRNFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGOPWGPQGYYGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCCC1 BUGOPWGPQGYYGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFRVORMUGQWQNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiepane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCCCC1 CFRVORMUGQWQNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCFMKFHUNDYKEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N thietane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCC1 FCFMKFHUNDYKEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBPGACXRPVDQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiirane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CC1 OFBPGACXRPVDQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYFGMEKIKXRBIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trifluoromethyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OP(=O)(OC(F)(F)F)OC(F)(F)F HYFGMEKIKXRBIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)C=C ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
(式中、nは1、2、3、4、5または6であり、mは1、2、3または4であり、lは0〜2n+1の整数であり、kは0〜2m+1の整数であり、lおよびkの少なくとも一方は1以上である。)
本実施形態のリチウムイオン二次電池が備える電解液は、フッ素化エーテルを含む電解液溶媒、LiN(FSO2)2、および環状スルホン酸エステルを含む。
(式中、nは1、2、3、4、5または6であり、mは1、2、3または4であり、lは0〜2n+1の整数であり、kは0〜2m+1の整数であり、lおよびkの少なくとも一方は1以上である。)
(式中、R1’、R2’、R3’はそれぞれ独立してアルキル基またはフッ素含有アルキル基であり、R1’、R2’、R3’のうちの少なくとも1つは、フッ素を含む。)
(式中、R1’’、R2’’は、それぞれ独立にアルキル基を示す。R1’’の炭素原子とR2’’の炭素原子が単結合または二重結合を介して結合し、環状構造を形成していてもよい。)
正極は、集電体と、正極活物質および結着剤を含む正極活物質層とを備える。本実施形態において、正極活物質層は、リチウムに対して4.5V以上の電位で動作する正極活物質を含む。
(式(A)中、0.4≦x≦1.2、0≦y、x+y<2、0≦a≦1.2、0≦w≦1である。MはCo、Ni、Fe、Cr及びCuからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。Yは、Li、B、Na、Mg、Al、Ti、Si、K及びCaからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。Zは、F及びClからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。)。
(式(B)中、0.4<x<0.6、0≦y<0.3、Aは、Li、B、Na、Mg、Al、Ti及びSiからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。)
(式(C)中、Mは、Mn、Fe及びCoからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。)
(式(D)中、M1は、Ni、Co及びFeからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。M2は、Li、Mg及びAlからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種であって、0.1<x<0.5、0.05<y<0.3である。)
(式(E)中、Mは、Co及びNiからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。)
(式(F)中、0.1≦y≦0.67でありy≦0.5が好ましく、0.33≦z≦0.9でありz≦0.7が好ましく、y+z=1であって、Mは、Li、Co及びNiからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。)
(式(G)中、0.1≦x<0.3、0.1≦y≦0.4、0.33≦z≦0.7、x+y+z=1であって、Mは、Li、Co及びNiからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。)
負極は、集電体と、負極活物質および結着剤を含む負極活物質層とを備える。
セパレータは、電解液に対して耐久性を有するものであれば、いずれであってもよい。具体的な材質としては、ポリプロピレンおよびポリエチレン等のポリオレフィン、セルロース、ポリエチレンテレフタレートおよびポリブチレンテレフタレート等のポリエステル、ポリイミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリフッ化ビニリデンならびにポリメタフェニレンイソフタルアミド、ポリパラフェニレンテレフタルアミドおよびコポリパラフェニレン−3,4’−オキシジフェニレンテレフタルアミド等の芳香族ポリアミド(アラミド)等が挙げられる。これらは、多孔質フィルム、織物、不織布等として用いることができる。
正極、負極、セパレータ表面に絶縁層を形成してもよい。絶縁層の形成方法としては、ドクターブレード法、ダイコーター法、CVD法、スパッタリング法等が挙げられる。正極活物質層、負極活物質層、またはセパレータの形成と同時に絶縁層を形成することもできる。絶縁層を形成する物質としては、酸化アルミニウムやチタン酸バリウム等の絶縁性フィラーとスチレンブタジエンゴムやポリフッ化ビニリデン等の結着剤との混合物が挙げられる。
本実施形態に係るリチウムイオン二次電池は、例えば、図1および図2のような構造を有する。この二次電池は、電池要素20と、それを電解質と一緒に収容するフィルム外装体10と、正極タブ51および負極タブ52(以下、これらを単に「電極タブ」ともいう)とを備えている。
本実施形態による二次電池は、通常の方法に従って作製することができる。積層ラミネート型の二次電池を例に、二次電池の製造方法の一例を説明する。まず、乾燥空気または不活性雰囲気において、正極および負極を、セパレータを介して対向配置して、電極素子を形成する。次に、この電極素子を外装体(容器)に収容し、電解液を注入して電極に電解液を含浸させる。その後、外装体の開口部を封止して二次電池を完成する。
本実施形態に係る二次電池を複数組み合わせて組電池とすることができる。組電池は、例えば、本実施形態に係る二次電池を2つ以上用い、直列、並列又はその両方で接続した構成とすることができる。直列および/または並列接続することで容量および電圧を自由に調節することが可能になる。組電池が備える二次電池の個数については、電池容量や出力に応じて適宜設定することができる。
本実施形態に係る二次電池またはその組電池は、車両に用いることができる。本実施形態に係る車両としては、ハイブリッド車、燃料電池車、電気自動車(いずれも四輪車(乗用車、トラック、バス等の商用車、軽自動車等)のほか、二輪車(バイク)や三輪車を含む)が挙げられる。なお、本実施形態に係る車両は自動車に限定されるわけではなく、他の車両、例えば電車、船舶、潜水艦、衛星等の移動体の各種電源として用いることもできる。
(正極)
Li1.15Ni0.3Mn0.55O2、球状炭素および薄片状炭素、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を均一に混合し、正極合剤を調製した。ここで、正極合剤中の各成分の重量比は、Li1.15Ni0.3Mn0.55O2:球状炭素:薄片状炭素:PVdF=93:3:1:3とした。調製した正極合剤をN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)に分散させ、正極スラリーを調製した。正極スラリーを、正極集電体に用いるアルミニウム箔に均一に塗布し、120℃で乾燥し、さらにプレスすることで、正極目付量23.8g/cm2、正極密度3.0g/cm3の正極を得た。
50%粒子径が5μmである炭素被覆酸化ケイ素(SiOC)(重量比は以下の通りである。被覆炭素:酸化ケイ素=5:95)、繊維状炭素、ポリアクリル酸(PAA)を均一に混合し、負極合剤を調製した。ここで、負極合剤中の各成分の重量比は、SiOC:繊維状炭素:PAA=90:2:8とした。調製した負極合剤を水に分散させ、負極スラリーを調製した。負極スラリーを負極集電体に用いるSUS箔に均一に塗布し、約50℃で乾燥し、さらにプレスすることで、負極目付量3.1g/cm2、負極密度1.3g/cm3の負極を得た。
まず、表2に記載される体積比率となるようにPCおよびFEを混合し、各例に用いる電解液溶媒をそれぞれ調製した。この電解液溶媒に、表2に記載される濃度となるようにその他の化合物を溶解して、各例に用いる電解液をそれぞれ調製した。
正極の集電引出端子にアルミニウムタブを超音波溶接した。負極の集電引出端子にニッケルタブを超音波溶接した。正極、負極の合剤塗布面が対向するように厚さ20μmのセルロースセパレータを挟んで、正極および負極を積層し、電極素子を作製した。ここで、負極と正極の容量比(負極容量/正極容量)を1.2とした。電極素子をアルミニウムラミネート外装フィルム内に収納した。外装フィルムの注液口を除いた三辺を熱溶着し、その後一昼夜乾燥した。乾燥後、調製した電解液を正極、負極およびセパレータの空隙体積の合計に対して1.4倍となるように注液した。注液口を熱溶着し、積層型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
45℃の温度下で、0.1C電流値にて4.5Vまで定電流充電後、0.1Cの電流値にて1.5Vまで定電流放電を行うサイクルを4回繰り返した。ここで、単位Cは相対的な電流量を示す単位であり、0.1Cは、公称容量値の容量を有する電池を定電流放電して、10時間で放電終了となる電流値である。
熱溶着したラミネート外装フィルムの一辺を開封し、充放電時に発生したガスを真空下で排出した。
電池を0.2C電流値にて4.5Vまで定電流充電し、0.3C電流値にて1.5Vまで定電流放電した。この操作を300回繰り返して、サイクル特性を評価した。各サイクル中、定電流充電後に200kHzから0.1Hzまで5mVの間隔で交流インピーダンス測定を実施した。得られた結果より容量維持率および抵抗上昇率を算出した。結果を表2に記載する。
(正極)
Li1.15Ni0.3Mn0.55O2、球状炭素および薄片状炭素、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を均一に混合し、正極合剤を調製した。ここで、正極合剤中の各成分の重量比は、Li1.15Ni0.3Mn0.55O2:球状炭素:薄片状炭素:PVdF=93:3:1:3とした。調製した正極合剤をN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)に分散させ、正極スラリーを調製した。正極スラリーを、正極集電体に用いるアルミニウム箔に均一に塗布し、120℃で乾燥し、さらにプレスすることで、正極目付量23.8g/cm2、正極密度3.0g/cm3の正極を得た。
50%粒子径が5μmである炭素被覆酸化ケイ素(SiOC)(重量比は以下の通りである。被覆炭素:酸化ケイ素=5:95)、球状炭素、ポリアクリル酸(PAA)を均一に混合し、負極合剤を調製した。ここで、負極合剤中の各成分の重量比は、SiOC:球状炭素:PAA=87:5:8とした。調製した負極合剤を水に分散させ、負極スラリーを調製した。負極スラリーを負極集電体に用いるSUS箔に均一に塗布し、約50℃で乾燥し、さらにプレスすることで、負極目付量3.1g/cm2、負極密度1.3g/cm3の負極を得た。
まず、表3に記載される体積比率となるように、EC、PC、EMS、EiPS、およびFEから溶媒を選択して混合し、各例に用いる電解液溶媒をそれぞれ調製した。この電解液溶媒に、表3に記載される濃度となるようにその他の化合物を溶解して、各例に用いる電解液をそれぞれ調製した。
正極の集電引出端子にアルミニウムタブを超音波溶接した。負極の集電引出端子にニッケルタブを超音波溶接した。正極、負極の合剤塗布面が対向するように厚さ20μmのセルロースセパレータを挟んで、正極および負極を積層し、電極素子を作製した。ここで、負極と正極の容量比(負極容量/正極容量)を1.2とした。電極素子をアルミニウムラミネート外装フィルム内に収納した。外装フィルムの注液口を除いた三辺を熱溶着し、その後一昼夜乾燥した。乾燥後、調製した電解液を正極、負極およびセパレータの空隙体積の合計に対して1.4倍となるように注液した。注液口を熱溶着し、積層型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
45℃の温度下で、0.1C電流値にて4.5Vまで定電流充電後、0.1Cの電流値にて1.5Vまで定電流放電を行うサイクルを4回繰り返した。ここで、単位Cは相対的な電流量を示す単位であり、0.1Cは、公称容量値の容量を有する電池を定電流放電して、10時間で放電終了となる電流値である。
熱溶着したラミネート外装フィルムの一辺を開封し、充放電時に発生したガスを真空下で排出した。
電池を0.5C電流値にて4.5Vまで定電流充電し、その後0.2C電流量になるまで定電圧充電し、0.5C電流値にて1.5Vまで定電流放電した。この操作を100回繰り返して、サイクル特性を評価した。各サイクル中、定電流充電後に200kHzから0.1Hzまで5mVの間隔で交流インピーダンス測定を実施した。得られた結果より容量維持率および抵抗上昇率を算出した。結果を表3に記載する。
電解液の製造方法は実施例3と同様であり、成分は表3に記載の通りである。電池評価において、定電流充電の電流値を0.3Cとし、定電圧充電は行わず、定電流放電の電流値を0.3Cとし、サイクル数を150とした。その他は実施例3と同様に電池を作製、評価した。得られた結果より容量維持率および抵抗上昇率を算出した。結果を表3に記載する。
電解液の製造方法は実施例3と同様であり、成分は表3に記載の通りである。電池評価において、定電流充電の電流値を0.3Cとし、定電圧充電は行わず、定電流放電の電流値を0.3Cとし、サイクル数を100とした。その他は実施例3と同様に電池を作製、評価した。得られた結果より容量維持率および抵抗上昇率を算出した。結果を表3に記載する。
電解液の製造方法は実施例3と同様であり、成分は表3に記載の通りである。電池評価において、定電流充電の電流値を0.3Cとし、定電圧充電は行わず、定電流放電の電流値を0.3Cとし、サイクル数を100とした。その他は実施例3と同様に電池を作製、評価した。得られた結果より容量維持率および抵抗上昇率を算出した。結果を表3に記載する。
電解液の製造方法は実施例3と同様であり、成分は表3に記載の通りである。電池評価において、定電流充電の電流値を0.3Cとし、定電圧充電は行わず、定電流放電の電流値を0.3Cとし、サイクル数を50とした。その他は実施例3と同様に電池を作製した。得られた結果より容量維持率および抵抗上昇率を算出した。結果を表3に記載する。
電解液の製造方法は実施例3と同様であり、成分は表3に記載の通りである。電池評価において、定電流充電の電流値を0.3Cとし、定電圧充電は行わず、定電流放電の電流値を0.3Cとし、サイクル数を50とした。その他は実施例3と同様に電池を作製、評価した。得られた結果より容量維持率および抵抗上昇率を算出した。結果を表3に記載する。
20 電池要素
25 セパレータ
30 正極
40 負極
Claims (12)
- リチウムに対して4.5V以上で動作する正極活物質を含む正極と、
式(1)で表されるフッ素化エーテルを含む電解液溶媒、式(2)で表される環状スルホン酸エステル、およびLiN(FSO2)2を含む電解液と、
を有し、
前記電解液中の前記式(2)で表される環状スルホン酸エステルの含有量が、0.3重量%以上であり、
前記電解液中のLiN(FSO 2 ) 2 の濃度が0.2mol/L以上である、リチウムイオン二次電池。
CnH2n+1−lFl−O−CmH2m+1−kFk (1)
(式中、nは1、2、3、4、5または6であり、mは1、2、3または4であり、lは0〜2n+1の整数であり、kは0〜2m+1の整数であり、lおよびkの少なくとも一方は1以上である。)
- 前記電解液中のLiN(FSO2)2の濃度が0.5mol/L以上である、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記電解液がLiPF6を含む、請求項1または2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記電解液溶媒が炭酸エステル化合物を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記電解液溶媒中の前記式(1)で表されるフッ素化エーテルの含有量が、1体積%以上70体積%以下である請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記電解液中の前記式(2)で表される環状スルホン酸エステルの含有量が、0.3重量%以上10重量%以下である請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質が下記式(G)で表される、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
Li(LixMyMnz)O2 (G)
(式(G)中、0.1≦x<0.3、0.1≦y≦0.4、0.33≦z≦0.7、x+y+z=1であって、Mは、Li、Co及びNiからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である。) - シリコン系材料を含む負極を有する、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池を搭載した車両。
- 正極と負極とをセパレータを介して積層して電極素子を製造する工程と、
前記電極素子と電解液とを外装体に封入する工程と、
を含み、
前記正極が、リチウムに対して4.5V以上で動作する正極活物質を含み、
前記電解液が、式(1)で表されるフッ素化エーテルを含む電解液溶媒、式(2)で表される環状スルホン酸エステル、およびLiN(FSO2)2を含み、
前記電解液中の前記式(2)で表される環状スルホン酸エステルの含有量が、0.3重量%以上であり、
前記電解液中のLiN(FSO 2 ) 2 の濃度が0.2mol/L以上であることを特徴とする、リチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。
CnH2n+1−lFl−O−CmH2m+1−kFk (1)
(式中、nは1、2、3、4、5または6であり、mは1、2、3または4であり、lは0〜2n+1の整数であり、kは0〜2m+1の整数であり、lおよびkの少なくとも一方は1以上である。)
- 前記電解液溶媒が、プロピレンカーボネートを60体積%以上含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記電解液溶媒が、エチルイソプロピルスルホンを10〜50体積%含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
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