JP6865762B2 - セジラニブの一定間欠投与を含む方法 - Google Patents
セジラニブの一定間欠投与を含む方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
DNA損傷応答阻害剤(例えば、PARP阻害剤(例えば、オラパリブ(Lynparza))、Wee−1阻害剤、ATR阻害剤、ATM阻害剤、およびDNAPK阻害剤など)、
免疫チェックポイントモジュレーター(例えば、抗PD−1抗体、抗PD−L1抗体(例えば、MEDI4736(デュルバルマブ)など)、抗CTLA4抗体、TLR7作動薬、CD40作動薬、Lag−3拮抗剤、およびOX40作動薬など)、
腫瘍細胞標的化治療剤(例えば、EGFR、Her2、MAPK/raf、Met、Pi3K、mTOR、Akt、エストロゲン拮抗剤、アンドロゲン標的化治療薬、FGFR、MCT−1およびMCT−4阻害剤)、ならびに
化学療法薬(例えば、プラチナに基づく化学療法薬、タキサンに基づく化学療法薬、およびイリノテカン)、例えば、
(i)他の血管形成阻害剤、例えば、アルキル化剤(例えば、シスプラチン、オキサリプラチン、カルボプラチン、シクロホスファミド、ナイトロジェンマスタード、メルファラン、クロラムブシル、ブスルファン、ベンダムスチン、テモゾロミド、ニトロソウレア、およびチオテパ);代謝拮抗薬(例えば、ゲムシタビンおよび葉酸代謝拮抗薬、例えば、5−フルオロウラシルおよびテガフールのようなフルオロピリミジン、ラルチトレキセド、メトトレキサート、シトシンアラビノシド、ヒドロキシ尿素およびプリン類似体、例えばフルダラビン、およびアデノシン類似体);抗腫瘍抗生物質(例えば、アドリアマイシンのようなアントラサイクリン、ブレオマイシン、ドキソルビシン、ダウノマイシン、エピルビシン、イダルビシン、マイトマイシンC、ダクチノマイシンおよびミスラマイシン);抗有糸分裂剤(例えば、ビンクリスチン、ビンブラスチン、ビンデシンおよびビノレルビンのようなビンカアルカロイド、タクソールおよびタキソテールのようなタキソイド、およびポロキナーゼ阻害剤);およびトポイソメラーゼ阻害剤(例えば、エトポシドおよびテニポシドのようなエピポドフィロトキシン、アムサクリン、トポテカン、カンプトテシン、およびイリノテカン);酵素(例えばアスパラギナーゼ);およびチミジル酸シンターゼ阻害剤(例えばラルチトレキセド);
(ii)細胞分裂阻害剤、例えば、抗エストロゲン剤(例えば、タモキシフェン、トレミフェン、ラロキシフェン、ドロロキシフェン、およびヨードキシフェン、)、アンドロゲン受容体ダウンレギュレーター(例えばフルベストラント)、アンドロゲン受容体の核移行およびDNAまたは共活性化タンパク質のいずれかへのその結合を阻止する拮抗剤MDV3100またはARN−509、アビラテロン[ZYTIGA(商標)]などのCYP17A1の阻害剤、およびアンドロゲン受容体機能およびTOK−001(galeterone)などのCYP17A1の混合阻害剤、LHRH拮抗剤およびLHRH作動薬(例えば、ゴセレリン、酢酸ゴセレリン、リュープロリド、リュープロレリンおよびブセレリン)、プロゲストーゲン(例えば、酢酸メゲストロール)、アロマターゼ阻害剤(例えば、アナストロゾール、レトロゾール、ボラゾール、およびエキセメスタン)、抗プロゲストーゲン、抗アンドロゲン(例えば、フルタミド、ニルタミド、ビカルタミド、および酢酸シプロテロン)、および5α−レダクターゼの阻害剤(例えば、フィナステリド)、
(iii)抗浸潤剤(例えば、4−(6−クロロ−2,3−メチレンジオキシアニリノ)−7−[2−(4−メチルピペラジン−1−イル)エトキシ]−5−テトラヒドロピラン−4−イルオキシキナゾリン(AZD0530;国際特許出願の国際公開第01/94341号パンフレット)、N−(2−クロロ−6−メチルフェニル)−2−{6−[4−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)ピペラジン−1−イル]−2−メチルピリミジン−4−イルアミノ}チアゾール−5−カルボキサミド(ダサチニブ、BMS−354825;J.Med.Chem.,2004,47,6658−6661)およびボスチニブ(SKI−606)のようなc−Srcキナーゼファミリー阻害剤、マリマスタットのようなメタロプロテイナーゼ阻害剤、ウロキナーゼプラスミノゲンアクチベーター受容体機能の阻害剤、およびヘパラナーゼに対する抗体)、
(iv)増殖因子機能の阻害剤、例えば血小板由来増殖因子の阻害剤および肝細胞増殖因子の阻害剤、例えば増殖因子抗体および増殖因子受容体抗体(例えば、抗erbB2抗体トラスツズマブ[ハーセプチン(商標)]、抗EGFR抗体パニツムマブ、抗erbB1抗体セツキシマブ[Erbitux,C225])ならびに任意の他の増殖因子抗体または他の増殖因子受容体抗体の阻害剤、例えばファルネシルトランスフェラーゼ阻害剤(例えば、Stern et al.Critical reviews in oncology/haematology,2005,Vol.54,p.11−29により開示されたもの);かかる阻害剤はまた、チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤、例えば上皮増殖因子ファミリーの阻害剤(例えば、EGFRファミリーチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤、例えば、N−(3−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル)−7−メトキシ−6−(3−モルホリノプロポキシ)キナゾリン−4−アミン(ゲフィチニブ,AZD1839)、N−(3−エチニルフェニル)−6,7−ビス(2−メトキシエトキシ)キナゾリン−4−アミン(エルロチニブ,OSI−774)および6−アクリルアミド−N−(3−クロロ−4−フルオロフェニル)−7−(3−モルホリノプロポキシ)キナゾリン−4−アミン(CI1033))およびセリン/トレオニンキナーゼ阻害剤)、erbB2チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤(ラパチニブなど);肝細胞増殖因子ファミリーの阻害剤;インスリン増殖因子ファミリーの阻害剤;イマチニブおよび/またはニロチニブ(AMN107)などの血小板由来増殖因子ファミリーの阻害剤;セリン/トレオニンキナーゼ阻害剤というキナーゼの阻害剤(例えば、Ras/Rafシグナル伝達阻害剤、例えばファルネシルトランスフェラーゼ阻害剤、例えばソラフェニブ(BAY43−9006)、ティピファルニブ(R115777)およびAZD9291(タグリッソ);ロナファーニブ(SCH66336))、MEKおよび/またはAKTキナーゼを介した細胞シグナル伝達の阻害剤、c−kit阻害剤、ablキナーゼ阻害剤、PI3キナーゼ阻害剤、Plt3キナーゼ阻害剤、CSF−1Rキナーゼ阻害剤、IGF受容体(インスリン様増殖因子)キナーゼ阻害剤;オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤(例えば、AZD1152、PH739358、VX−680、MLN8054、R763、MP235、MP529、VX−528およびAX39459)およびサイクリン依存性キナーゼ阻害剤、例えばCDK2および/またはCDK4阻害剤を含む;
(v)他の血管形成阻害剤、例えば上で規定されたものとは異なる機構により作用するもの(例えば、Ang−2(MEDI−3617など)およびDLL4(MEDI−0639など))、例えば、血管標的化剤(例えば、リン酸コンブレタスタチン(コンブレタスタチンA4)、および国際特許出願公開の国際公開第99/02166号パンフレット、国際公開第00/40529号パンフレット、国際公開第00/41669号パンフレット、国際公開第01/92224号パンフレット、国際公開第02/04434号パンフレットおよび国際公開第02/08213号パンフレットに開示された化合物、および国際特許出願公開の国際公開第99/02166号パンフレットに記載の血管損傷剤(例えばN−アセチルコルヒノール−O−リン酸));ならびに
(vi)エンドセリン受容体拮抗剤(例えば、ジボテンタン(ZD4054)およびアトラセンタン);
生物学的応答修飾因子(例えばインターフェロン);
抗体(例えばエドレコロマブ);
アンチセンス治療薬(例えば、上に列挙される標的に特異的であるもの、例えばISIS2503、抗rasアンチセンス);
遺伝子療法手法、例えば、異常なp53または異常なBRCA1もしくはBRCA2などの異常な遺伝子を交換するための手法、GDEPT(遺伝子特異的酵素プロドラッグ療法)手法、例えばシトシンデアミナーゼ、チミジンキナーゼまたは細菌ニトロレダクターゼ酵素を用いるもの、および化学療法または放射線療法、例えば多剤耐性遺伝子療法に対する患者の耐容性を高めるための手法など;ならびに
免疫療法手法、例えば、患者腫瘍細胞の免疫原性を増強するためのエクスビボおよびインビボ手法、例えばインターロイキン2、インターロイキン4または顆粒球−マクロファージコロニー刺激因子などのサイトカインの遺伝子導入、T細胞エネルギーを減少させるための手法、サイトカイン遺伝子導入樹状細胞などの遺伝子導入免疫細胞を用いる手法、サイトカイン遺伝子導入腫瘍細胞系を用いる手法および抗イディオタイプ抗体を用いる手法、CTLA4抗体、およびCD137、PD−1もしくはB7−H1、toll様受容体作動薬に特異的な抗体;SGN−40(ダセツズマブ)などのCD40またはPDL−192などのTweak受容体に対するアゴニスト抗体;FASに対するアゴニスト抗体を含む、T細胞増強のための手法;腫瘍関連抗原に対する抗体、および標的細胞タイプを枯渇させる抗体(例えば、リツキシマブ、オファツムマブ、オビヌツズマブなどの非コンジュゲート抗CD20抗体、MEDI−551などの抗CD19抗体、アレムツズマブなどの抗CD52抗体、TRU−016などの抗CD37抗体、イノツズマブなどの抗CD22抗体、放射標識抗CD20抗体BexxarおよびZevalin、および抗CD54抗体Campath;モキセツモマブシュードトクスなどの免疫毒素)を用いる手法、抗イディオタイプ抗体を用いる手法、ナチュラルキラー細胞機能を増強する手法、および抗体−毒素コンジュゲート(例えば、抗CD33抗体Mylotarg)、およびRevlimid(レナリドミド)などの免疫調節剤を用いる手法。
MEDI4736 VL(配列番号1)
RYWMS
MEDI4736 VH CDR2(配列番号4)
NIKQDGSEKYYVDSVKG
MEDI4736 VH CDR3(配列番号5)
EGGWFGELAFDY
MEDI4736 VL CDR1(配列番号6)
RASQRVSSSYLA
MEDI4736 VL CDR2(配列番号7)
DASSRAT
MEDI4736 VL CDR3(配列番号8)
QQYGSLPWT
・3週(1サイクル)毎1回で6サイクル(q3w×6)の、3時間にわたるパクリタキセル175mg/m2と組み合わせた、30〜60分にわたるカルボプラチンの濃度時間曲線下面積5(AUC5;糸球体濾過率[GFR]が測定された)
・4週(1サイクル)毎1回で6サイクル(q4w×6)の、3時間にわたるPLD30mg/m2と組み合わせた、30〜60分にわたるカルボプラチンのAUC5(GFRが測定された)、および
・3週(1サイクル)毎1回で6サイクルの、(1および8日目の)3時間にわたるゲムシタビン1000mg/m2と組み合わせた、(1日目の)30〜60分にわたるカルボプラチンのAUC4(GFR)
が挙げられる。
間欠用量のセジラニブを投与することにより、セジラニブの単独またはオラパリブとの組み合わせでの抗腫瘍有効性が低下しないことを確証するため、OV2022腫瘍(卵巣がん)異種移植片を、毎日または5days on、2days offスケジュールで、3mg/kgのセジラニブの単独または100mg/kgのオラパリブとの組み合わせで治療した。セジラニブの間欠スケジュールは、一定用量のセジラニブに相当する有効性をもたらし、それ故、セジラニブの間欠用量を有効に用いてもよいことが示された。
間欠スケジュールの利益を組み合わせ試験にて臨床的に試験し、ここでセジラニブをデュルバルマブと組み合わせる能力は、セジラニブの継続または間欠スケジュールを用いて試験した。この試験では、継続用量が耐容性不良である一方で、間欠スケジュールは耐容性を示し、観測可能な臨床的有用性をもたらすことが示された。データを下記に示す。
適格患者は、先行的な免疫チェックポイント阻害剤療法を伴わない再発性または転移性のRECIST v1.1で評価可能な固形悪性腫瘍、3つ以下の降圧薬で制御された高血圧、および良好な末端臓器機能を有し;エントリ時に生殖系列BRCA突然変異状態が要求された。すべての患者に、登録前に書面でのインフォームドコンセントを提供した。試験は、Institutional Review Board of the Center for Cancer Research,国立がん研究所(National Cancer Institute).ClinicalTrials.gov識別子:NCT02484404により認可された。
この第1相試験の一次エンドポイントは、DLTの不在下でMTDまたは最高プロトコル規定用量によって規定される、デュルバルマブ+セジラニブの組み合わせの推奨される第2相用量(RP2D)を決定することであった。DLTは、第1サイクル(28日)間に生じる試験薬に関連したグレード3または4の非血液学的有害事象およびグレード4の血液学的有害事象(AE)と定義した。以下、すなわち、グレード3以上の好中球減少症の不在下でのグレード3のリンパ球減少症もしくは白血球減少症、降圧薬で制御されるグレード3の高血圧、または3日以内にグレード1もしくはより良好な方に格下げする最適な充足を伴うグレード3の無症候性の電解質異常、事象の発症後7日以内にグレード1もしくはより良好な方に格下げするグレード3の無症候性のアミラーゼもしくはリパーゼの増加、または全身性コルチコステロイド療法および/もしくはホルモン交換療法の有無にかかわらず管理されるグレード3の無症候性内分泌疾患、は例外であった。MTDは、患者6名中1名または5名以下がDLTを経験する最高用量レベルと定義した。認められたAEが特に薬剤の1つのみに起因した場合、その薬剤を保持しつつ、患者は認められたAEに関連しない薬剤の投与を継続した。試験薬の最終投与後90日以上にわたって生じる治療に関連した重篤なAEが記録された。
患者特性
女性14名を登録した。表4は、ベースライン患者特性を示す。卵巣がんが最も一般的な腫瘍タイプであった(9/14[64%])。
推奨された第2相用量(RP2D)は、4週毎のデュルバルマブ1500mgとともに、セジラニブ20mgの5days on/2days offと決定した。デュルバルマブを伴う毎日のセジラニブは、耐容性が不十分であったが、それは第1の治療サイクルの間、用量制限毒性(DLT)の公式基準を満たさなかった。毎日のセジラニブは、患者7名/8名にて再発グレード2または非DLTグレード3もしくは4の有害事象(AE)に起因して中断または用量低減し;DL1での患者2名にて試験時の新しい肺血栓塞栓症(PE)に起因してセジラニブを中断し、DL1での患者1名にてサイクル2で用量低減するとともに、DL2での患者4名にて、後のサイクル(サイクル2、3、および5)で再発グレード2の腹痛、下痢、疲労に起因して用量を1レベル低下させた。患者2名は、グレード3の大腸炎(サイクル6)およびグレード3の肺高血圧(サイクル5)からなる治療により出現したAE(TEAE)に起因して治療から除外した。患者は、全身性コルチコステロイドで治療したが、症状は改善しなかった。肺高血圧を有する患者はまた、PEを有し、治療の中断後の約1か月で終了し;剖検所見では、心膜液貯留、ならびに肺、甲状腺、リンパ節、および他の臓器の浸潤を含む疾患進行を呈した。プロトコル修正として、セジラニブ20mgの5days on/2days offによる新しい用量レベルを加えた。間欠スケジュールでの患者1名が、サイクル1でグレード4の高血圧のDLTを有し、他の患者5名がすべての投与サイクルを通じて治療に耐容性を示した。表5にまとめるように、すべての患者が少なくとも1つの任意のグレードのTEAEを有した。
デュルバルマブ+セジラニブでの患者14名中12名は、腫瘍応答について評価し;2名は、進行を示すことなく、サイクル1の間での薬物毒性または同意撤回に起因して評価不能であった。患者12名中6名がPR(5+l〜8+月、50%ORR)を達成し、その3名をDL3で治療し、応答が間欠セジラニブスケジュールで減弱しないことが示唆された。試験中に認められた患者の腫瘍サイズにおける(ベースラインからの)最大応答を図9に示す(すなわち、認められた最大応答は試験中の任意の時点で認められていることがある)。図10は、各患者における腫瘍サイズのベースラインからの経時的変化を示す。
間欠スケジュールの利益は、セジラニブをデュルバルマブおよびオラパリブと組み合わせる能力をセジラニブの間欠スケジュール(5days on/2days off)を用いて試験する場合の組み合わせ試験にて臨床的にさらに試験した。試験の目標は、デュルバルマブ+オラパリブ+間欠セジラニブ(NCT02484404)の推奨される第2相用量(RP2D)を決定することであった。この試験では、デュルバルマブおよびオラパリブと組み合わせたセジラニブの間欠投与が再発性の女性がんにおいて耐容性および活性を示すことが示された。
0〜1の活動状態(PS)および良好な末端臓器機能を有する適格患者に、デュルバルマブ+オラパリブ+間欠セジラニブを投与した。患者に、1500mg、IV、28日毎のデュルバルマブおよび300mg錠剤のオラパリブBIDとともに、15または20mg(5days on/2days off)のセジラニブを投与した。用量制限毒性期間は、1回の28日サイクルであった。安全性は、CTCAEv4.0およびRECISTv1.1による応答により評価した。すべて患者に、登録前に書面でのインフォームドコンセントを提供した。
中央値51歳[範囲44〜73]および治療前の中央値2[範囲2〜6]の女性9名は、デュルバルマブ+オラパリブ+間欠セジラニブで治療した。患者7名が卵巣がんを有し、患者1名が子宮内膜がんを有し、患者1名がトリプルネガティブ乳がん(TNBC)を有した。患者2名がグレード3/4の有害事象(リンパ球減少症)を経験した。毒性に関連した用量減少または中断はなかった。評価可能な患者5名にて、2つの部分応答(5+、2+月)および3つの安定疾患(2+〜7+月)が認められた。
Claims (12)
- ヒトにおいて血管新生に関連した少なくとも1つの病態を治療する方法における使用のための、セジラニブを含む組成物であって、
固定間欠投与計画に準じた少なくとも2回の投与サイクルで、前記組成物が投与され、
前記固定間欠投与計画が、
(1)サイクルの連続5日間における有効量の前記組成物の投与、次いで、サイクルの連続2日間において前記組成物が投与されないこと、または
(2)サイクルの連続4日間における有効量の前記組成物の投与、次いで、サイクルの連続3日間において前記組成物が投与されないこと
を含み、
血管新生に関連した前記少なくとも1つの病態が、肺がん;消化器および胃腸がん;食道がん;胆嚢がん;肝がん;膵がん;虫垂がん;乳がん;卵巣がん;腎がん;中枢神経系のがん;皮膚がん;リンパ腫;神経膠芽腫;絨毛がん;胞状軟部肉腫;頭頚部がん;骨原性肉腫;および血液がんから選択される、組成物。 - 血管新生に関連した前記少なくとも1つの病態が、プラチナ感受性再発卵巣がんから選択される、請求項1に記載の使用のための組成物。
- 前記プラチナ感受性再発卵巣がんが、卵管がん、高グレード子宮内膜がん、および原発性腹膜がんから選択される、請求項2に記載の使用のための組成物。
- 前記組成物が、セジラニブの遊離塩基の重量で測定して、セジラニブを30mgまたは20mgの量で含む、請求項1に記載の使用のための組成物。
- パートナー薬および他の治療薬から選択される少なくとも1つの他の成分を投与することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の使用のための組成物。
- 前記パートナー薬が、DNA損傷応答阻害剤、免疫チェックポイント阻害剤、腫瘍細胞標的化治療剤、および化学療法剤から選択される、請求項5に記載の使用のための組成物。
- 前記パートナー薬が、PARP阻害剤から選択される、請求項6に記載の使用のための組成物。
- 前記PARP阻害剤が、オラパリブである、請求項7に記載の使用のための組成物。
- 前記パートナー薬が、免疫チェックポイント阻害剤から選択される、請求項6に記載の使用のための組成物。
- 前記免疫チェックポイント阻害剤が、MEDI4736(デュルバルマブ)である、請求項9に記載の使用のための組成物。
- 前記パートナー薬が、化学療法剤から選択される、請求項6に記載の使用のための組成物。
- 前記化学療法剤が、プラチナに基づく化学療法剤、タキサンに基づく化学療法剤、およびイリノテカンから選択される、請求項11に記載の使用のための組成物。
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