JP6861424B2 - 細胞のatp依存性逆輸送体の阻害剤およびそれを得る方法 - Google Patents
細胞のatp依存性逆輸送体の阻害剤およびそれを得る方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6861424B2 JP6861424B2 JP2019545237A JP2019545237A JP6861424B2 JP 6861424 B2 JP6861424 B2 JP 6861424B2 JP 2019545237 A JP2019545237 A JP 2019545237A JP 2019545237 A JP2019545237 A JP 2019545237A JP 6861424 B2 JP6861424 B2 JP 6861424B2
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- A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
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Description
世代1:シクロスポリンA、ベラパミル(例として)。これらの化合物は、効果的な逆輸送阻害剤であるが、それ自体で高い毒性がある。化学療法剤としてのそれらの使用は、効果のある臨床成績に繋がらなかった。
世代2:PSC−833およびVX−710(例として)。これらの化合物も、効果的な逆輸送阻害剤である。しかし、化学療法剤としてのそれらの使用は、いずれも効果のある臨床成績に繋がらなかった。加えて、薬物−薬物相互作用に関連する治療の顕著な副作用が観察された。
世代3:GF120918、LY335979、R101933およびXR9576(例として)。これらの化合物は、インビトロモデルに対し、世代1および世代2よりもさらに効果的な逆輸送阻害剤である。しかし、化学療法剤としてのそれらの使用は、低い安全性(望ましくない副作用)および不十分な治療効力のいずれかの理由で、効果のある臨床成績に繋がらなかった。
1−ソルビトール((2S、3R、4R、5R)−ヘキサン−1,2,3,4,5,6−ヘキソール);
2−二官能性酸素含有化合物、式中、R=−O−;[−OCH2CH(CH3)]k−O−、k=1〜7;
3−ポリプロピレンオキシド;
M(OH)x‘−金属水酸化物、式中、Mは、アルカリまたはアルカリ土類金属、x=1または2;
n=2〜6、ほとんどの場合n=4;
m=5〜9、ほとんどの場合、m=7である。
本発明は、以下で図により説明される。
27.3g(0.15mol)のソルビトールを、機械的撹拌機、冷却器、熱電対、酸化物注入管を備えた鋼製重合反応器に装填し、0.6g(0.01mol)の水酸化カリウムを2.51g(0.139mol)の水に加えた。反応器を窒素で3回フラッシングする。撹拌を開始し、均一塊を得るために、窒素雰囲気中、90〜100℃で30分間保持される。温度を115℃に上げ、270g(4.65mol)のプロピレンオキシドを、重合反応器中で0.39MPa(4kgf/cm2)以下の圧力を与える速度、および115℃以下の温度で少しずつ分けて供給する。計算量のプロピレンオキシドを供給後、反応生成物は、圧力低下が止むまで、120℃以下の温度で1〜1.5時間保持される。
28.7g(0.157mol)のソルビトールを、機械的撹拌機、冷却器、熱電対、酸化物注入管を備えた鋼製重合反応器に装填し、0.63g(0.01mol)の水酸化カリウムを10.98g(0.145mol)のプロピレングリコールに加えた。反応器を窒素で3回フラッシングする。撹拌を開始し、均一塊を得るために、窒素雰囲気中、90〜100℃で30分間保持される。温度を115℃に上げ、274g(4.73mol)のプロピレンオキシドを、重合反応器中で0.39mPa(4kgf/cm2)以下の圧力を与える速度、および115℃以下の温度で少しずつ分けて供給する。プロピレンオキシドの計算量を供給後、反応生成物は、圧力低下が止むまで、120℃以下の温度で1〜1.5時間保持される。
実施例2に示した方法により反応を実施した。出発物質の量:ソルビトール−27.3g(0.15mol)、KOH−0.6g(0.011mol)、ジプロピレングリコール−18.5g(0.14mol)。プロピレンオキシドの量は、255g(4.4mol)である。中和および濾過後、308gのわずかに黄色の生成物が得られる。粘度は623mPa・s、密度は、1.036g/cm3(20℃)である。ヒドロキシル価は、227mg KOH/g(GOST 25261−82 cl.3.1)である。
実施例2に示した方法により反応を実施した。出発物質の量:ソルビトール−27.3g(0.15mol)、KOH−0.61g(0.011mol)、トリプロピレングリコール−26.7g(0.14mol)。プロピレンオキシドの量は、246g(4.24mol)である。中和および濾過後、280gのわずかに黄色の生成物が得られる。粘度は629mPa・s、密度は、1.036g/cm3(20℃)である。ヒドロキシル価は、229mg KOH/g(GOST 25261−82 cl.3.1)である。
実施例2に示した方法により反応を実施した。出発物質の量:ソルビトール−27.29g(0.15mol)、KOH−0.6g(0.011mol)、テトラプロピレングリコール−34.75g(0.14mol)。プロピレンオキシドの量は、246g(4.24mol)である。中和および濾過後、285gのわずかに黄色の生成物が得られる。粘度は620mPa・s、密度は、1.034g/cm3(20℃)である。ヒドロキシル価は、233mg KOH/g(GOST 25261−82 cl.3.1)である。
実施例2に示した方法により反応を実施した。出発物質の量:ソルビトール−27.3g(0.15mol)、KOH−0.61g(0.011mol)、ペンタプロピレングリコール−42.8g(0.14mol)。プロピレンオキシドの量は、230g(3.95mol)である。中和および濾過後、285gのわずかに黄色の生成物が得られる。粘度は627mPa・s、密度は、1.033g/cm3(20℃)である。ヒドロキシル価は、231mg KOH/g(GOST 25261−82 cl.3.1)である。
実施例2に示した方法により反応を実施した。出発物質の量:ソルビトール−27.31g(0.15mol)、KOH−0.6g(0.011mol)、ヘキサプロピレングリコール−50.87g(0.14mol)。プロピレンオキシドの量は、222g(3.83mol)である。中和および濾過後、283gのわずかに黄色の生成物が得られる。粘度は615mPa・s、密度は、1.037g/cm3(20℃)である。ヒドロキシル価は、225mg KOH/g(GOST 25261−82 cl.3.1)である。
実施例2に示した方法により反応を実施した。出発物質の量:ソルビトール−27.3g(0.15mol)、KOH−0.61g(0.011mol)、ヘプタプロピレングリコール−58.9g(0.14mol)。プロピレンオキシドの量は、214g(3.83mol)である。中和および濾過後、283gのわずかに黄色の生成物が得られる。粘度は623mPa・s、密度は、1.036g/cm3(20℃)である。ヒドロキシル価は、224mg KOH/g(GOST 25261−82 cl.3.1)である。
ABC(ATP結合カセット)
APS−過硫酸アンモニウム
ATP(アデノシン三リン酸)−アデノシン 3−リン酸塩
C−シトシン
DOX−ドキソルビシン
EGTA(エチレングリコール−ビス(2−アミノエチルエテル)−N,N,N’,N’−四酢酸)
FAM−6−カルボキシフルオレセイン
G−グアニン
HRP(西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ)
LC−MS−質量分析と組み合わせた液体クロマトグラフィー
m/c−質量電荷比
P−gp−P−糖タンパク質
pH−水素指数
Pi(無機リン酸塩)
T−チミン
U/μL−マイクロリットル単位
Vin−ビンブラスチン
A260−260nmの波長の値(Å単位)
A−アデニン
DMSO−ジメチルスルホキシド
DNA−デオキシリボ核酸
DPHT−ジフェニルヘキサトリエン
薬物−薬用製品
DF−剤形
Mkg−マイクログラム
ML−ミリリットル
MDR−多剤耐性
MTT(3−(4,5−ジメチルチアゾール−2−イル)−2,5−ジフェニルテトラゾリウム臭化物、黄色テトラゾール)−テトラゾリウム色素
RPM−回転数/分
OEP−オリゴエーテルポリオール
RNA−リボ核酸
PSB−リン酸塩緩衝液
EDTA−エチレンジアミン四酢酸
化学試薬および材料
ドキソルビシン(DOX)塩酸塩、ウアバイン八水和物、ペンタエチレングリコール98%、Β−メルカプトエタノール、エチレングリコール四酢酸(EGTA)、硫酸ベリリウム四水和物、フッ化ナトリウム、モリブデン酸アンモニウムは、Sigma−Aldrich(USA)から購入した。ブロモフェノールブルー、デオキシコール酸ナトリウム、トリス塩酸塩(トリス(オキシメチル)アミノメタン塩酸塩)、過硫酸アンモニウム(APS)、ナトリウムドデシルスルフェート(SDS)は、Amresco(USA)から購入した。MTT(3−(4,5−ジメチルチアゾール−2−イル)−2,5−ジフェニルテトラゾリウム臭化物)は、Life Technologies(USA)から購入した。L−グルタミン、ダルベッコ溶液(Ca2+およびMg2+イオン不含)トリプシン−EDTA溶液、ハンクス溶液(フェノールレッド不含)、α−MEMおよびDMEM培地は、PanEco(ロシア)から購入した。1,6−ジフェニル−1,3,5−ヘキサトリエン(DPHT)、ジチオスレイトール(1,4−ビス(スルファニル)ブタン−2,3−ジオール)、アスコルビン酸、コレステロール、トリトン(登録商標)X−100、ビンブラスチン硫酸塩、ATP二ナトリウム含水塩、ヘペス(4−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)−1−ピペラジンエタンスルホン酸)は、Acros Organicsから購入した。ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム(SDS)およびエチレンジアミン四酢酸(EDTA)は、Heliconから購入した。
細胞MCF−7、MCF−7/Vin、HSF、CaCo−2、HCT−15、HCT−116、OVCAR−4、PC−3、A−498、NCI−H322M、M−14、SNB−19、SF Cells−539(表1)を、10%ウシ胎仔血清、L−グルタミンおよび1%ペニシリン−ストレプトマイシンを補充したα−MEM培地を用い、5%CO2雰囲気中、37℃で単分子膜が形成されるまで培養する。細胞懸濁液を得るために、細胞単分子膜はトリプシン処理した後、血清含有α−MEM培地の添加によりトリプシンを不活化する。Neubauerチャンバー中でトリパンブルー色素排除法により細胞計数を実施した。細胞を1:6の比率で週2回継代する。
OEP阻害剤のヒト腫瘍および条件的正常細胞の増殖性潜在能力に与える効果を、MTT試験を用いて、72時間のインキュベーション中に調査した。1000個の細胞を96ウェルプレートのウエルの90μlの培地中に加え、CO2インキュベーター中で24時間インキュベートして、細胞を基材に付着させた。次に、調査化合物(OEP阻害剤)の調製溶液の一定分量を10μl/ウエルの量で加えた。試験を3回繰り返した。分析した化合物の代わりに、類似の量のmQをプレートの対照ウエル中に導入した。試験物質を適用後、細胞をCO2インキュベーター中で、標準条件下で72時間培養した。次に、試験物質を含む培地を真空アスピレータを使ってプレートから取り出し、栄養培地および5mg/mlのMTT試薬を加え、CO2インキュベーター中で3〜4時間インキュベートした。インキュベーション時間の終了後、MTT試薬含有培地を真空アスピレータで取りだし、100μlのDMSOを加え、5〜10分間インキュベートした。出現した紫色の染色を、Tecanプレートリーダーを用いて555nmで検出した(基準波長は650nm)。用量反応曲線をプロットし、最大半量細胞増殖阻害濃度(IC50)を決定した。結果を図3の表2に示す。
細胞膜の生理学的活性に影響を与える重要な物理化学的特性は、二重層中の脂質の流動性の尺度であるミクロ粘性であり、これは、膜透過性および膜タンパク質の機能動作に重要な役割を果たしている。原形質膜ミクロ粘性を評価するために、ジフェニルヘキサトリエン(DPHT)の親油性指標の使用に基づいた蛍光法を用いる。DPHTの蛍光は、細胞膜流動性に依存する。
いくつかのエチレンオキシドおよびプロピレンオキシドの疎水性ブロックコポリマーは、細胞の細胞膜の障壁に侵入し、細胞質中に蓄積し、細胞内のオルガネラおよび酵素に影響を及ぼす能力を有することが知られている。特に、プルロニックP85は、ミトコンドリアの膜のミクロ粘性を変化させる特性、および酸化的リン酸化を脱共役させる特性を有することが示された(非特許文献5、6)。これに関して、試験したOEP阻害剤の細胞内の蓄積程度を決定することに着目した。細胞ライセート中の阻害剤含量の特定と定量化を、質量分析と組み合わせた液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC−MS)を用いて実施した。
極性CaCo−2細胞では、逆P−gp輸送体は、細胞膜の頂端面側に位置し、ドキソルビシンを含む多数の基質の逆輸送(B−A)を可能とする。
OEP阻害剤は、活性グリコシル化アイソフォーム190kDa ABCB1を除去できるが、不活性高マンノースアイソフォーム175kDa輸送体は、細胞中に蓄積される。
膜P−糖タンパク質のATPアーゼ活性を、ヒト組換えP−糖タンパク質を過剰発現している単離昆虫細胞膜ヨトウガ(Sf9系統)の市販の調製物を用いて方法(非特許文献8)に従って調査した。P−糖タンパク質の触媒作用中のATP加水分解は、無機リン酸塩(Pi)の形成に付随して起こることが、分光光度法反応により検出される。OEP阻害剤は、直接濃度依存性的にATPアーゼ活性を抑制し、濃度が増加すると、阻害効果が高まることが示された。
2x106個の細胞/mlの密度の細胞懸濁液(MCF−7またはMCF−7/Vin)をOEP担体(最終濃度87,430および2175μg/ml)またはドキソルビシン(最終濃度10μM)、またはそれぞれ10μMおよび87μg/mlの濃度のドキソルビシンおよびOEP阻害剤の配合物と共に、25℃で2時間インキュベートした。その後、細胞を遠心分離(300g、4分)により沈降させ、細胞中のATP産生を活性化する緩衝液中で洗浄した。緩衝液組成:NaCl(122mM)、NaHCO3(25mM)、グルコース(10mM)、KCl(3mM)、MgSO4(1.2mM)、(K2HPO4)(0.4mM)、CaCl2(1.4mM)およびヘペス(10mM)。得られた細胞ペレットを冷却溶解緩衝液中で強力に撹拌しながら5分間溶解した。溶解緩衝液の組成:トリス塩酸(0.05M)、EDTA(2mM)、トリトンX−100(1%)、NaF(10mM)。細胞ライセートを直ぐに凍結し、分析まで−74℃で貯蔵した。分析の直前に細胞ライセートを解凍し、20,000gで7分間、細胞デブリから遠心分離し、次工程のATP含量の分析のために上清を収集した。Lumtekにより製造された高感受性ATP試薬を使って、ルシフェラーゼ、D−ルシフェリンおよびATPを含む反応における化学発光技術を用いて細胞ライセート中のATP含量を測定した。試料中のATP濃度に比例するルシフェリン酸化反応中の化学発光強度を、Infinite 200 PROプレートリーダー(TECAN)を使って測定した。
OEP阻害剤の急性毒性の調査を、静脈内および胃内投与法により、両方の性の、CD−1系統(6〜8週齡)のマウス、スプラーグドーリーラット(6〜8週齡)およびSoviet Chinchillaウサギ(2〜2.5kg)で実施した。
−文献に記載されているほとんどのABC輸送体の阻害剤と比較して、ヒト細胞培養物に対して低細胞毒性を有する;
−後天性薬剤耐性を有するMCF−7系統およびMCF−7/RES細胞の腫瘍細胞の細胞膜のミクロ粘性に影響を与えない;
−細胞膜を通ってMCF−7の腫瘍細胞中へ浸透しない;
−8.7〜870μg/mlの濃度範囲で、これは、ドキソルビシンのP−gp媒介逆輸送の特異的阻害をもたらし、アクセプターウエル中の濃度をそれぞれ1.9〜3.8倍増大させる;
−活性グリコシル化アイソフォーム190kDa ABCB1を除去でき、一方、不活性高マンノースアイソフォーム175kDa輸送体は、細胞中に蓄積される;
−ヒトP−糖タンパク質を過剰発現したSf9細胞の単離膜のATPアーゼ活性を抑制する;
−ATPの細胞内のレベルを変化させない;
−毒性の程度に従って、胃内投与の場合、非毒性物質に属し、静脈内に投与される場合には、低毒性物質に属する;
−製造の容易さ、原材料の安さ、生産が既存の化学産業企業で実施できる;
−以前には世界で未知であった製品により、国際市場へ参入する機会を与える。
Claims (3)
- ソルビトール((2S、3R、4R、5R)−ヘキサン−1,2,3,4,5,6−ヘキソール)および二官能性酸素含有化合物H−R−Hの混合物を調製し、式中、R=−O−;[−OCH2CH(CH3)]kO−、およびk=1〜7であり、この混合物とプロピレンオキシドとをアルカリまたはアルカリ土類金属水酸化物の存在下でさらに相互作用させ、前記得られた生成物を酸でさらに中和し、続けて、前記得られた生成物を精製して目的の請求項1に記載のATP依存性逆細胞輸送体の阻害剤を得ることを含み、得られた請求項1に記載の阻害剤が、215〜240mg KOH/gのヒドロキシル価を有し、化合物4が1000〜1500Daの分子量を有し、化合物5が300〜500Daの分子量を有し、ならびに化合物4および5のモル比が0.9〜1.1である、請求項1に記載のATP依存性逆細胞輸送体の阻害剤を製造する方法。
- 前記化合物4および5のモル比が、1:1であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の阻害剤。
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