JP6825293B2 - 三次元造形物製造用組成物および三次元造形物の製造方法 - Google Patents
三次元造形物製造用組成物および三次元造形物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MCZDHTKJGDCTAE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC MCZDHTKJGDCTAE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- NFMWFGXCDDYTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimagnesium;diborate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] NFMWFGXCDDYTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明の三次元造形物製造用組成物は、三次元造形物の製造に用いる三次元造形物製造用組成物であって、
前記三次元造形物の実体部を構成するための複数個の造形物構成用粒子と、
前記三次元造形物中に空隙を形成するための粒子状をなす空隙形成用材料と、
前記造形物構成用粒子および前記空隙形成用材料を分散させる溶剤と、
前記溶剤に溶解しているバインダーとを含み、
前記空隙形成用材料の平均粒径が1μm以上50μm以下であり、
前記造形物構成用粒子100体積部に対する前記空隙形成用材料の含有量が5体積部以上50体積部以下であることを特徴とする。
前記層中に含まれる前記溶剤を除去する溶剤除去工程と、
前記層中に含まれる前記バインダー、前記空隙形成用材料を除去して、空隙を形成する脱脂・空隙形成工程とを有することを特徴とする。
《三次元造形物の製造方法》
まず、本発明の三次元造形物の製造方法について説明する。
≪層形成工程≫
第1のパターン形成工程では、サポート部形成用組成物1A’を吐出して第1のパターン1Aを形成する(図1、図4参照)。
なお、サポート部形成用組成物1A’については、後に詳述する。
第2のパターン形成工程では、三次元造形物製造用組成物1B’を吐出して第2のパターン1Bを形成する(図2、図5参照)。
本工程における三次元造形物製造用組成物1B’の粘度は、100mPa・s以上1000000mPa・s以下であるのが好ましく、500mPa・s以上100000mPa・s以下であるのがより好ましく、1000mPa・s以上20000mPa・s以下であるのがさらに好ましい。
なお、三次元造形物製造用組成物1B’については、後に詳述する。
溶剤除去工程では、層1中に含まれる溶剤を除去する(図3、図6参照)。
脱脂・空隙形成工程では、層1中に含まれるバインダー、空隙形成用材料を除去して、空隙3が設けられた脱脂体70を得る(図8参照)。
そして、脱脂・空隙形成工程を行った後に、サポート部5を除去する。これにより、空隙3が設けられた脱脂体70が取り出される(図9参照)。
本実施形態では、脱脂・空隙形成工程を行った後に、造形物構成用粒子同士を接合する接合処理を施す接合工程としての焼結工程を有している。
これにより、三次元造形物10の生産性をより優れたものとすることができる。
焼結工程での加熱は、脱脂体70を構成する造形物構成用粒子の構成材料の融点以下の温度で行うのが好ましい。
これにより、積層体の形状を崩すことなく粒子の接合をより効率よく行うことができる。
これにより、脱脂・空隙形成工程は、焼結前工程を兼ねることができ、脱脂体70に予熱を与えて、脱脂体70をより確実に焼結させることができる。
次に、三次元造形物の製造方法で用いる層形成用組成物について説明する。
まず、三次元造形物10の製造に用いる層形成用組成物1’としての三次元造形物製造用組成物1B’について説明する。
これにより、前述したような効果がより顕著に発揮される。
三次元造形物製造用組成物1B’は、三次元造形物10の実体部2の形成に用いられるものである。
また、三次元造形物製造用組成物1B’は、2種以上の造形物構成用粒子を含むものであってもよい。
三次元造形物製造用組成物1B’が溶剤を含むことにより、三次元造形物製造用組成物1B’中において造形物構成用粒子、空隙形成用材料を好適に分散させることができ、ディスペンサー等による三次元造形物製造用組成物1B’の吐出を安定的に行うことができる。
バインダーは、溶剤が除去された状態で層1(第2のパターン1B)中において造形物構成用粒子、空隙形成用材料を仮結合する機能を有するものである。
空隙形成用材料は、三次元造形物10中に空隙3を形成する機能を有するものであり、三次元造形物製造用組成物1B’中において、造形物構成用粒子に対し、所定の割合で含まれるものである。
これにより、前述した効果がより顕著に発揮される。
また、三次元造形物製造用組成物1B’は、前述した以外の成分を含むものであってもよい。このような成分としては、例えば、重合開始剤;分散剤;界面活性剤;増粘剤;凝集防止剤;消泡剤;スリップ剤(レベリング剤);染料;重合禁止剤;重合促進剤;浸透促進剤;湿潤剤(保湿剤);定着剤;防黴剤;防腐剤;酸化防止剤;紫外線吸収剤;赤外線吸収材料;キレート剤;pH調整剤等が挙げられる。
次に、三次元造形物10の製造に用いる層形成用組成物1’としてのサポート部形成用組成物1A’について説明する。
サポート部形成用組成物1A’が、粒子を含むものであることにより、形成すべきサポート部5(第1のパターン1A)が微細な形状を有するもの等である場合であっても、サポート部5を高い寸法精度で、効率よく形成することができる。また、サポート部5を構成する複数の粒子の隙間から、溶剤やバインダー(分解物を含む)を効率よく除去することができ、三次元造形物10の生産性をより優れたものとすることができる。また、脱脂体70に不本意に溶剤、バインダー等が残存することをより効果的に防止することができ、最終的に得られる三次元造形物10の信頼性をより優れたものとすることができる。
また、サポート部形成用組成物1A’は、2種以上の粒子を含むものであってもよい。
サポート部形成用組成物1A’が溶剤を含むことにより、サポート部形成用組成物1A’中において粒子を好適に分散させることができ、ディスペンサー等によるサポート部形成用組成物1A’の吐出を安定的に行うことができる。
バインダーは、溶剤が除去された状態で層1(第1のパターン1A)中において粒子同士を仮結合する機能を有するものである。
また、サポート部形成用組成物1A’は、前述した以外の成分を含むものであってもよい。このような成分としては、例えば、重合開始剤;空隙形成用材料;分散剤;界面活性剤;増粘剤;凝集防止剤;消泡剤;スリップ剤(レベリング剤);染料;重合禁止剤;重合促進剤;浸透促進剤;湿潤剤(保湿剤);定着剤;防黴剤;防腐剤;酸化防止剤;紫外線吸収剤;赤外線吸収材料;キレート剤;pH調整剤等が挙げられる。
次に、三次元造形物製造装置について説明する。
図12は、三次元造形物製造装置の好適な実施形態を模式的に示す断面図である。
コンピューターM11は、内部にCPUやメモリ等を備えて構成される一般的な卓上型コンピューター等である。コンピューターM11は、三次元造形物10の形状をモデルデータとしてデータ化し、それを平行な幾層もの薄い断面体にスライスして得られる断面データ(スライスデータ)を駆動制御部M12に対して出力する。
溶剤除去手段M6としては、例えば、加熱手段を用いることができる。
得られた積層体50に対して、脱脂・空隙形成処理、接合処理(焼結処理)を施すことにより、三次元造形物10を得ることができる。
本発明に係る三次元造形物は、前述したような本発明の三次元造形物製造用組成物、本発明の製造方法、前述したような三次元造形物製造装置を用いて製造することができる。
これにより、密度が好適に調整された三次元造形物を優れた生産性で製造することができる。
また、製造すべき三次元造形物の形状によっては、サポート部を形成しなくてもよい。
後処理工程としては、例えば、洗浄工程、バリ取り等を行う形状調整工程、着色工程、被覆層形成工程、造形物構成用粒子の接合強度を向上させるための熱処理工程等が挙げられる。
(実施例1)
造形物構成用粒子としてのSUS316粉末(平均粒径:3.0μm):78.5質量部と、溶剤としてのカルビトールアセテート:16.0質量部と、空隙形成用材料としてのポリアミド(ナイロン12)製の粉末(平均粒径:4.0μm):2.0質量部と、バインダーとしてのメタクリル系樹脂:3.5質量部とを混合することにより、層形成用組成物としての三次元造形物製造用組成物を得た。造形物構成用粒子(SUS316粉末):100体積部に対する空隙形成用材料の含有量は19.9体積部であった。
前記のようにして得られた三次元造形物製造用組成物を用いて、設計寸法が厚さ:4mm×幅:10mm×長さ:80mmの直方体形状である三次元造形物を、以下のようにして製造した。
その後、サポート部が取り除かれた脱脂体に対し、アルゴンガス中で、1380℃×2時間という条件での加熱による焼結処理(接合処理)を施し、三次元造形物を得た。
三次元造形物製造用組成物、サポート部形成用組成物における各成分の含有率を表1に示すようにした以外は、前記実施例1と同様にして組成物セット(三次元造形物製造用組成物およびサポート部形成用組成物)、三次元造形物を製造した。
三次元造形物製造用組成物として、三次元造形物製造用組成物Aおよび三次元造形物製造用組成物Bの2種類の組成物を用意し、第2のパターンのうち、製造される三次元造形物の外表面から深さ1mmまでに対応する領域を三次元造形物製造用組成物Aにより形成し、それよりも内部の領域を三次元造形物製造用組成物Bにより形成した以外は、前記実施例1と同様にして三次元造形物を製造した。
三次元造形物製造用組成物、サポート部形成用組成物の調製において、空隙形成用材料を用いず、各組成物の組成を表1に示すようにした以外は、前記実施例1と同様にして組成物セット(三次元造形物製造用組成物およびサポート部形成用組成物)、三次元造形物を製造した。
三次元造形物製造用組成物、サポート部形成用組成物における各成分の含有率を表1に示すようにした以外は、前記実施例1と同様にして組成物セット(三次元造形物製造用組成物およびサポート部形成用組成物)、三次元造形物を製造した。
[3.1]寸法精度
前記各実施例および各比較例の三次元造形物について、厚さ、幅、長さを測定し、設計値からのずれ量を求め、以下の基準に従い評価した。
B:厚さ、幅、長さのうち、設計値からのずれ量が最も大きいものについての設計値からのずれ量が1.0%以上2.0%未満である。
C:厚さ、幅、長さのうち、設計値からのずれ量が最も大きいものについての設計値からのずれ量が2.0%以上4.0%未満である。
D:厚さ、幅、長さのうち、設計値からのずれ量が最も大きいものについての設計値からのずれ量が4.0%以上7.0%未満である。
E:厚さ、幅、長さのうち、設計値からのずれ量が最も大きいものについての設計値からのずれ量が7.0%以上である。
前記各実施例および各比較例の三次元造形物について、アルキメデス法により、三次元造形物の空隙率(空孔率)を求め、以下の基準に従い評価した。
B:空隙率(空孔率)が15体積%以上52体積%未満である(ただし、Aの範囲を除く)。
C:空隙率(空孔率)が10体積%以上55体積%未満である(ただし、A、Bの範囲を除く)。
D:空隙率(空孔率)が7体積%以上60体積%未満である(ただし、A、B、Cの範囲を除く)。
E:空隙率(空孔率)が7体積%未満である。
これらの結果を表2にまとめて示す。
Claims (9)
- 三次元造形物の製造に用いる三次元造形物製造用組成物であって、
前記三次元造形物の実体部を構成するための複数個の造形物構成用粒子と、
前記三次元造形物中に空隙を形成するための粒子状をなす空隙形成用材料と、
前記造形物構成用粒子および前記空隙形成用材料を分散させる溶剤と、
前記溶剤に溶解しているバインダーとを含み、
前記空隙形成用材料の平均粒径が1μm以上50μm以下であり、
前記造形物構成用粒子100体積部に対する前記空隙形成用材料の含有量が5体積部以上50体積部以下であることを特徴とする三次元造形物製造用組成物。 - 前記空隙形成用材料の平均粒径は、前記造形物構成用粒子の平均粒径以上のものである請求項1に記載の三次元造形物製造用組成物。
- 前記空隙形成用材料は、ポリアミド、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、ポリイミドおよびポリアミドイミドよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含むものである請求項1または2に記載の三次元造形物製造用組成物。
- 前記造形物構成用粒子は、金属材料、セラミックス材料のうち少なくとも一方を含むものである請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の三次元造形物製造用組成物。
- 請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の三次元造形物製造用組成物を用いて層を形成する層形成工程と、
前記層中に含まれる前記溶剤を除去する溶剤除去工程と、
前記層中に含まれる前記バインダー、前記空隙形成用材料を除去して、空隙を形成する脱脂・空隙形成工程とを有することを特徴とする三次元造形物の製造方法。 - 前記脱脂・空隙形成工程において、主として前記バインダーの除去を目的とする処理と、主として前記空隙形成用材料の除去を目的とする処理とを、互いに異なる処理として行う請求項5に記載の三次元造形物の製造方法。
- 前記層形成工程および前記溶剤除去工程を含む一連の工程を繰り返し行うことにより積層体を得た後に、当該積層体に対し、前記脱脂・空隙形成工程を行う請求項5または6に記載の三次元造形物の製造方法。
- 複数種の前記三次元造形物製造用組成物を用いる請求項5ないし7のいずれか1項に記載の三次元造形物の製造方法。
- 前記脱脂・空隙形成工程を行った後に、前記造形物構成用粒子同士を接合する接合処理を施す接合工程を有する請求項5ないし8のいずれか1項に記載の三次元造形物の製造方法。
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