JP6799546B2 - マイクロ流体光イオン化検出器 - Google Patents
マイクロ流体光イオン化検出器 Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
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- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/62—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
- G01N27/68—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode using electric discharge to ionise a gas
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/62—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
- G01N27/64—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode using wave or particle radiation to ionise a gas, e.g. in an ionisation chamber
- G01N27/66—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode using wave or particle radiation to ionise a gas, e.g. in an ionisation chamber and measuring current or voltage
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Description
ここで、tresidenceは、PIDチャンバを流れる分析物の大部分の分析物滞留時間であり、tdeadは、デッドボリューム内の分析物をPIDから一掃するのに必要な残留時間を示す。Vflow、Vdeadはそれぞれ、チャンバフローボリューム(すなわち、移動相によって流されたイオン化チャンバ内のボリューム)と、デッドボリューム(すなわち、移動相によって流されなかったイオン化チャンバ内のボリューム)である。Vflow+Vdead=全イオン化チャンバボリューム。F、F’は、チャンバフローボリュームとデッドボリュームそれぞれに存在する分析物の体積流量である。フロースルー型ではないPID設計では、デッドボリュームが、通常、チャンバボリュームの1/6から1/4であり、GCピークのテーリング効果の原因となる。tdeadは推定が難しいが、以下の表2に示すように、さまざまなPID設計のtresidenceは容易に算出可能である。表2は、比較例の市販PIDと、比較例の最新PIDと、本開示に係るマイクロ流体PIDとの分析物滞留時間の比較を示す。
ここで、I0は、真空紫外(VUV)光子束(毎秒1m2当たりの光子数を単位にして)であり、Aは、イオン化チャンバの有効VUV放射面積であり、σiは、イオン化断面であり、[AB]は、分析物濃度であり、Cは、電極でのイオン/電子収集効率である。一定の分析物濃度と一定のVUV光源に関して、I0、σi、[AB]は固定されているので、iは、放射領域に直線的に比例する。通常、VUV光源は、比較的大きな出力直径(例えば、実施例で使用されるランプでは3.5mm)を有している。しかしながら、より迅速な応答のためにチャンバボリュームを低下させるためには、従来のPID設計では、有効放射面積が大幅に削減されるので、VUVランプの利用度が著しく低下する。また、イオン収集効率を向上させるためには、検出信号に悪影響を与えるイオンの再結合や消滅の低減に比較的高い電圧(数百ボルト)が必要となる。
ここで、mとeは、それぞれイオンの質量と電荷である。Lは、2つの電極間の距離であり、Vは、印加電圧である。
ここで、Aiは、PID2A〜2Dから得られたピーク面積、A1Aは、PID1Aから得られたピーク面積である。
ここで、Aiは、第2次元PIDの一つによって得られたピーク面積であり、Eiは、そのPIDの較正係数である(表6参照)。それらのバー下の全面積は、スチレン、2−ヘプタノンそれぞれについて2.575Vs、3.03Vsとなる。これら2つのバーの合計が図22(c)に描画され、合計面積5.605Vsは、PID260(1A)により直接得られた5.85Vsとほぼ同じである(図22(a)〜図22(c)の最大の黒色曲線を参照)。第1次元ピークの再構成を検証するために、図22(a)〜図22(c)は、スチレンと2−ヘプタノンが別々に注入された際にPID1Aによって検出されたその溶出ピークも描画している(図22(a)、図22(b)の赤色曲線と青色曲線を参照)。スチレンの2.46Vsのピーク面積と2−ヘプタノンの3.006Vsのピーク面積は、再構成されたピークにより得られた各面積によく一致する。PID262〜268(2A〜2D)により得られた赤色、青色、黒色バー下の全面積と、PID260(1A)により得られたピーク面積との比較を示す表7には、ピーク面積の詳細も示されている。
Claims (13)
- 第1の層と、
前記第1の層上に配置された導電性材料を含む第2の導電性層と、
前記第2の導電性層に形成され、前記第2の導電性層によって画定された2つの側壁を有するマイクロ流体チャネルであって、前記マイクロ流体チャネルは、流体試料を受け入れる入口と、前記流体試料が前記マイクロ流体チャネルを出ていく出口とを有し、180°の方向転換を少なくとも2回する流路を有する蛇行パターンを画定するマイクロ流体チャネルと、
前記第2の導電性層によって画定された第1の電極領域及びそれとは別の第2の電極領域であって、前記第1の電極領域は、前記マイクロ流体チャネルによって前記第2の電極領域から分離されている、第1の電極領域及び第2の電極領域と、
前記マイクロ流体チャネルの少なくとも一部に隣接して配置された透明窓を有するUV光源であって、光子を前記マイクロ流体チャネルに向けるように構成されたUV光源と
を備えるマイクロ流体光イオン化検出器(PID)。 - 前記蛇行パターンは、アルキメデスらせんである、請求項1に記載のマイクロ流体光イオン化検出器(PID)。
- 前記第2の導電性層は、導電性ドープシリコン又は導電性金属を含む、請求項1に記載のマイクロ流体光イオン化検出器(PID)。
- 前記マイクロ流体チャネルのデッドボリュームは、前記マイクロ流体チャネルの全ボリュームの約1%以下である、請求項1に記載のマイクロ流体光イオン化検出器(PID)。
- 前記マイクロ流体チャネルは、全ボリュームが約10μL未満であり、デッドボリュームが約30nL以下である、又は、全ボリュームが約3μL未満であり、デッドボリュームが約3nL以下である、請求項1に記載のマイクロ流体光イオン化検出器(PID)。
- 前記第1の電極領域及び前記第2の電極領域は、約20直流ボルト(VDC)以下の最大電圧を有する低電圧電源に接続されている、請求項1に記載のマイクロ流体光イオン化検出器(PID)。
- 請求項1に記載のマイクロ流体光イオン化検出器(PID)を備える検出システムであって、ガスクロマトグラフィーユニットを更に備え、前記ガスクロマトグラフィーユニットは、前記マイクロ流体光イオン化検出器(PID)と流体連通し、前記マイクロ流体光イオン化検出器(PID)は、前記ガスクロマトグラフィーユニットから溶出した試料を分析する、検出システム。
- 第1の層と、
前記第1の層上に配置された導電性材料を含む第2の導電性層と、
前記第2の導電性層に形成され、前記第2の導電性層によって画定されたマイクロ流体チャネルであって、前記マイクロ流体チャネルは、流体試料を受け入れる入口と、前記流体試料が前記マイクロ流体チャネルを出ていく出口とを有し、前記マイクロ流体チャネルのデッドボリュームは、前記マイクロ流体チャネルの全ボリュームの約1%以下である、マイクロ流体チャネルと、
前記第2の導電性層によって画定された第1の電極領域及びそれとは別の第2の電極領域であって、前記第1の電極領域は、前記マイクロ流体チャネルによって前記第2の電極領域から分離されている、第1の電極領域及び第2の電極領域と、
前記マイクロ流体チャネルの少なくとも一部に隣接した透明窓を有するUV光源であって、光子を前記マイクロ流体チャネルの前記一部に向けるように構成されたUV光源と
を備えるマイクロ流体光イオン化検出器(PID)。 - 前記マイクロ流体チャネルは、直線パターン又は蛇行パターンを有する、請求項8に記載のマイクロ流体光イオン化検出器(PID)。
- 前記蛇行パターンは、アルキメデスらせんである、請求項9に記載のマイクロ流体光イオン化検出器(PID)。
- 前記第2の導電性層は、導電性ドープシリコン又は導電性金属を含む、請求項8に記載のマイクロ流体光イオン化検出器(PID)。
- 前記マイクロ流体チャネルは、全ボリュームが約10μL未満であり、デッドボリュームが約30nL以下である、又は、全ボリュームが約3μL未満であり、デッドボリュームが約3nL以下である、請求項8に記載のマイクロ流体光イオン化検出器(PID)。
- 前記第1の電極領域及び前記第2の電極領域は、約20直流ボルト(VDC)以下の最大電圧を有する低電圧電源に接続されている、請求項8に記載のマイクロ流体光イオン化検出器(PID)。
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