JP6763539B2 - 排ガス処理システム - Google Patents
排ガス処理システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP6763539B2 JP6763539B2 JP2016068414A JP2016068414A JP6763539B2 JP 6763539 B2 JP6763539 B2 JP 6763539B2 JP 2016068414 A JP2016068414 A JP 2016068414A JP 2016068414 A JP2016068414 A JP 2016068414A JP 6763539 B2 JP6763539 B2 JP 6763539B2
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- exhaust gas
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- heat medium
- ammonia
- treatment system
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 172
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 160
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 79
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 78
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 124
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 62
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
-
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
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- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/58—Ammonia
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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- B01D53/8603—Removing sulfur compounds
- B01D53/8609—Sulfur oxides
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- B01D53/8631—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
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- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
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- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
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- F23J15/08—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
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Description
図3は、アンモニア濃度が高い(例えば4ppm以上)場合における塩化アンモニウムが固相析出状態であるか気体状態であるかを示すグラフである。図4は、アンモニア濃度が低い(例えば1ppm以下)場合における塩化アンモニウムが固相析出状態であるか気体状態であるかを示すグラフである。なお、図3及び図4においては、熱回収器104に導入される塩化水素濃度が、石炭焚プラントで平均的な濃度(例えば10ppm〜20ppm)の場合を示している。
これに対して、熱回収器104の入口の塩化水素濃度が平均的な濃度で、アンモニア濃度が低く、熱回収器104の出口の排ガス温度が例えば90℃〜95℃の場合には、塩化アンモニウム(NH4Cl)は気体領域にプロットがある。
86 熱媒体ヒータ
87 スチーム
100 ボイラ
101 排ガス処理システム
111 煙突
102 脱硝装置
103 エアヒータ
104 熱回収器
105 電気集塵機
106 通風機
107 脱硫装置
108 再加熱器
109 循環ポンプ
110 熱媒体循環配管
111 煙突
200 アンモニア(NH3)計
201 制御装置
202 HCl濃度
Claims (5)
- ボイラからの排ガス中の窒素酸化物を除去する脱硝装置と、
脱硝後の前記排ガスの熱の一部を回収する伝熱管を備えた熱回収器と、
熱回収後の排ガス中の煤塵を除去する集塵機と、
前記集塵機から排出される排ガス中の硫黄酸化物を除去する脱硫装置と、
前記脱硫装置から排出される排ガスを加熱する伝熱管を備えた再加熱器と、
前記熱回収器の伝熱管と前記再加熱器の伝熱管との間に熱媒体を循環する熱媒体循環ポンプを備えた熱媒体循環配管と、
前記熱媒体循環配管に設けられ、前記熱媒体を加熱する熱媒体ヒータと、
前記脱硝装置と前記脱硝装置の後流側に設置したエアヒータとの間において、前記脱硝装置の出口アンモニア濃度を検出する検出装置と、
前記検出装置により検出されたアンモニア濃度の値に基づいて、前記熱媒体ヒータを制御する制御装置と、
前記熱回収器の出口の排ガスのガス温度を計測するガス温度計と、
を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記出口アンモニア濃度が所定値以上の場合、前記熱媒体ヒータにより前記熱媒体を加熱させると共に、
前記集塵機の作動上限値の温度以下を維持するように熱媒体ヒータの運転を制御することを特徴とする排ガス処理システム。 - 請求項1において、
前記検出装置は、前記脱硝装置に供給するアンモニア投入量を求めることを特徴とする排ガス処理システム。 - 請求項1において、
前記検出装置は、排ガス中にアンモニアを投入する設定値の切替えを検出することを特徴とする排ガス処理システム。 - 請求項1において、
前記熱回収器の伝熱管に付着する煤塵を除去する煤塵除去装置を設け、
前記制御装置は、熱媒体ヒータの制御と共に、前記煤塵除去装置の作動を指令することを特徴とする排ガス処理システム。 - 請求項1において、
前記制御装置は、前記集塵機に流入する排ガス温度が、前記集塵機の運転適正温度となるように、前記熱媒体ヒータの制御を行うことを特徴とする排ガス処理システム。
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