JP6758310B2 - 高コントラストで、広く吸収するエレクトロクロミックポリマーが得られるドナー−アクセプター組成物 - Google Patents
高コントラストで、広く吸収するエレクトロクロミックポリマーが得られるドナー−アクセプター組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6758310B2 JP6758310B2 JP2017544338A JP2017544338A JP6758310B2 JP 6758310 B2 JP6758310 B2 JP 6758310B2 JP 2017544338 A JP2017544338 A JP 2017544338A JP 2017544338 A JP2017544338 A JP 2017544338A JP 6758310 B2 JP6758310 B2 JP 6758310B2
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- electrochromic polymer
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- electrochromic
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- 125000005913 (C3-C6) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/126—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one sulfur atom in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D165/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
- G02F1/1516—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising organic material
- G02F1/15165—Polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/10—Definition of the polymer structure
- C08G2261/12—Copolymers
- C08G2261/126—Copolymers block
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/10—Definition of the polymer structure
- C08G2261/14—Side-groups
- C08G2261/142—Side-chains containing oxygen
- C08G2261/1424—Side-chains containing oxygen containing ether groups, including alkoxy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/32—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/322—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed
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Description
本出願は、2015年2月20日出願の米国仮出願第62/118,842号の優先権を主張するものであり、図面や表を含む全内容を参照することにより組み込まれる。
光電子特性
表1に、合成したポリマーの関連のある光電子特性、すなわち、電気化学電位開始、π−π*およびD−A電荷移動相互作用の光吸収最大値、および元の状態と電気化学条件下(エージングした)状態におけるポリマーフィルムの吸収の開始を示す。中性状態と酸化状態間の全体の吸収特性を容易に比べられるよう、積分コントラスト値を示してある。
測定の前に、薄膜にサイクリックボルタメトリー(CV)サイクリングを繰り返し行って(25回の「エージング」サイクル)、最初の状態(キャスト時)とエージングした状態(25サイクル後)のレドックスおよび光学変化を観察した。ポリマーフィルムは全て、可逆性のエージングサイクルを示し、第1と第2のスキャン間では電気化学的に差があったが、後のスキャンについては安定した。微分パルスボルタンメトリー(DPV)による酸化電位開始を調べたところ、Pro−Pro/EBE、Pro−Ac0.75/EBE0.25、Ac−Ac/EBEについて、それぞれ、13mV、110mV、180mVと増える傾向があることが分かった。このことは、共役骨格に沿ってねじれ歪みが増えることと相関している。EBEの含量が増えるにつれ、Pro−Ac0.75/EBE0.25、Pro−Ac0.70/EBE0.30、Pro−Ac0.65/EBE0.35について、それぞれ、110mV、50mV、−45mVと酸化電位の減少が観察された。これは、EDOT含量の増大に起因する。
エージング後の中性状態におけるスペクトル特性を、図3および4に示す。ピークを長波長D−Aバンドまで正規化し、弛緩したD−A CT相互作用との対比における影響を強調してある。図3から、ねじれ歪みは、Pro−Pro/EBE、Pro−Ac0.75/EBE0.25、Ac−Ac/EBEと増大しているため、λmaxがそれぞれ543、505、457nmと青色シフトし、波長領域が、緑色中性状態となるAc−Ac/EBEの558nmに位置するまで、透過の領域は徐々により顕著となる。図4において、EBE含量は、Pro−Ac0.75/EBE0.25、Pro−Ac0.70/EBE0.30、Pro−Ac0.65/EBE0.35と増大するため、高エネルギーπ−π*ピークλmaxは、それぞれ、505、495、487nmと広がりの少ない青色シフトを呈す。同時に、2つのピークの吸光度の比(π−π*/D−A)は、これらのピークの吸光度が略等しくなるまで、減少し、Pro−Ac0.75/EBE0.25については1.44、Pro−Ac0.70/EBE0.30については1.18、Pro−Ac0.65/EBE0.35については1.04まで減少する。Pro−Ac0.65/EBE0.35は、586nmの浅い領域を持つデュアルバンド吸収を示し、これが略無彩色とさせている。これら全てのポリマーについて、D−A吸収ピークは、671−680nmで相対的に固定されたままである。
色値を、L*a*b*色空間を用いて求めた。a*は、緑色から赤色を表し、b*は、青色から黄色を表す(それぞれ、負の値から正の値まである)。L*は、明るさを示し、0の値は黒色、100は白色である。a*b*が大きくなると、色は飽和し、色値または色値間を超えると、色相が変化する。本発明の実施形態によるECPは、吸収の幅が広く、色値は小さいまたは元に近い(ゼロの値)。色差位置を図5A、5B、および5Cに示す。主鎖に沿ってドナーの立体的な歪みを増大することによって中性状態の色a*、b*を制御することにより、色値は、Pro−Pro/EBE(−31、30)、Pro−Ac0.75/EBE0.25(23、−4)、Ac−Ac/EBE(−14、44)と大幅に遷移する。Pro−Pro/EBEは、可視スペクトルにおいて広いが起伏のある吸収を呈し、同等でない量の青色および赤色光を通過し、目視される色は深紫である。Pro−Ac0.75/EBE0.25は、一部の赤色光を通過させつつ、短波長π−π*ピークから青色および緑色光の大半を吸収し、暗レンガ赤色に見える。これらのポリマーは両方とも吸収が強く、y標準観察者の刺激が最大となり、低いL*値を与える。この起伏のある吸収により、かなりの程度の色飽和となる。切替時、より無彩色のECPについてのa*b*値の変化は最小であるが、L*値の変化は大きい。最も酸化された透過状態の明るさの増大を示すものである。大きくブルーシフトしたπ−π*バンドのAc−Ac/EBEは、赤色光より青色をより吸収する。556nmに中心がある深い領域を有し、緑色の光が通過できる。赤色光もある程度通すため、このポリマーは、高b*値のライムグリーン色を示す。
Claims (10)
- 多数の繰り返し単位を有する少なくとも1つのコポリマーブロックを含む、エレクトロクロミックポリマー(ECP)であって、
前記コポリマーは、置換ポリプロピレンジオキシチオフェン単位(ProDOT)および/または置換非環式ジオキシチオフェン単位(AcDOT)から選択される少なくとも1つの可溶性ドナー繰り返し単位の正規分布である、複数のドナーシーケンスと、メチレンジオキシチオフェン(MDOT)、3,4−メチレン−ジオキシチオフラン、3,4−エチレンジオキシフラン、3,4−メチレンジオキシピロール、3,4−エチレン−ジオキシピロール、3,4−メチレンジオキシホスホール、3,4−エチレンジオキシホスホール、3,4−メチレン−ジオキシセレノール、3,4−エチレンジオセレノール、若しくはこれらの組み合わせを含む2つの単位、または縮合DAD三量体の間で結合されたアクセプター単位からなる複数の単分散三量体シーケンスとを含み、
前記単分散三量体シーケンスの1つは、前記ドナーシーケンスのうち2つを分離し、
それによって、前記少なくとも1つの可溶性ドナー繰り返し単位が前記エレクトロクロミックポリマー(ECP)に溶媒への溶解性を付与する、
コントラストの改善されたエレクトロクロミックポリマー(ECP)。 - 請求項1に記載のコントラストの改善されたエレクトロクロミックポリマー(ECP)であって、
前記アクセプター単位は、2,1,3−ベンゾチアジアゾール(BTD)の残基を含む
エレクトロクロミックポリマー(ECP)。 - 多数の繰り返し単位を有する少なくとも1つのコポリマーブロックを含む、エレクトロクロミックポリマー(ECP)であって、
前記コポリマーは、置換ポリプロピレンジオキシチオフェン単位(ProDOT)および/または置換非環式ジオキシチオフェン単位(AcDOT)から選択される少なくとも1つの可溶性ドナー繰り返し単位の正規分布である、複数のドナーシーケンスと、2つのエチレンジオキシチオフェン単位(EDOT)、2つのメチレンジオキシチオフェン単位(MDOT)または縮合DAD三量体の間で結合されたアクセプター単位からなる複数の単分散三量体シーケンスとを含み、
前記単分散三量体シーケンスの1つは、前記ドナーシーケンスのうち2つを分離し、
それによって、前記少なくとも1つの可溶性ドナー繰り返し単位が前記エレクトロクロミックポリマー(ECP)に溶媒への溶解性を付与し、
前記アクセプター単位が、2,1,3−ベンゾチアジアゾール、またはベンゾトリアゾールである
コントラストの改善されたエレクトロクロミックポリマー(ECP)。 - 請求項1または3に記載のコントラストの改善されたエレクトロクロミックポリマー(ECP)であって、
前記ProDOTおよび/またはAcDOTの置換基が、1個以上の酸素原子、硫黄原子、−SO−、−SO2−、カルボニル、−COO−、−CONH−、−NH−、−CON(C1−8アルキル)−、または−N(C1−8アルキル)−により、任意で1回以上中断された1〜24個の炭素原子の直鎖または分岐アルキル鎖から選択され、
前記中断されていない、または中断されたアルキルは、1個以上のC3−6シクロアルキル基、ハロゲン、−OR、−COOR、−COOM、−SO3M、−SO3H、ホスホン酸、ハロゲン、−CONR'R、−NR'R、ホスホン酸塩、またはアンモニウム塩により、任意で1回以上置換されている(式中、Mはアンモニウムカチオンまたは金属カチオンを含む窒素、RおよびR'は、独立に、水素、C1−24アルキル、C3−24アルケニル、C3−6シクロアルキルまたはC1−24アルキルカルボニルであり、またはRおよびR'は、−O−、−NH−または−N(C1−12アルキル)−により中断された、または中断されていない、5−、6−または7−員環を併せて形成する)、
エレクトロクロミックポリマー(ECP)。 - 請求項1または3に記載のコントラストの改善されたエレクトロクロミックポリマー(ECP)であって、
前記ドナーシーケンスが、前記単分散三量体シーケンスに結合したProDOT単位を有する、
エレクトロクロミックポリマー(ECP)。 - 請求項1または3に記載のコントラストの改善されたエレクトロクロミックポリマー(ECP)であって、
前記ドナーシーケンスが、AcDOT単位と交互になったProDOT単位のシーケンスを有する、
エレクトロクロミックポリマー(ECP)。 - 請求項1または3に記載の少なくとも1つのコントラストの改善されたエレクトロクロミックポリマー(ECP)の少なくとも1つのフィルムまたは溶液を含む
エレクトロクロミック装置。 - 請求項7に記載のエレクトロクロミック装置であって、
前記少なくとも1つのフィルムまたは溶液のうち少なくとも一方が、少なくとも1つのアクセプターを含まないエレクトロクロミックポリマーをさらに含み、前記少なくとも1つのアクセプターを含まないエレクトロクロミックポリマーが、請求項1または3に記載の少なくとも1つのコントラストの改善されたエレクトロクロミックポリマー(ECP)に1〜50%含まれる、
エレクトロクロミック装置。 - 請求項8に記載のエレクトロクロミック装置であって、
前記アクセプターを含まないエレクトロクロミックポリマーが、ProDOT2−EDOTを含む、
エレクトロクロミック装置。 - 請求項1または3に記載のコントラストの改善されたエレクトロクロミックポリマー(ECP)を製造する方法であって、
水素を末端反応基として有する複数のDAD三量体を提供し、
水素反応基を有する複数の第1の可溶化ドナー繰り返し単位を提供し、
臭素反応基を有する複数の第2の可溶化ドナー繰り返し単位を提供し、
前記複数のDAD三量体、前記複数の第1の可溶化ドナー繰り返し単位、および前記複数の第2の可溶化ドナー繰り返し単位を混合し、
前記水素反応基と前記臭素反応基間の縮合を促進し、
請求項1または3に記載のエレクトロクロミックポリマー(ECP)を単離する、
コントラストの改善されたエレクトロクロミックポリマー(ECP)を製造する方法。
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